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Biomedical subjects

L Cedard

Publications and source records attributed to L Cedard.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Salivary progesterone as an index of the luteal function.

Salivary progesterone (SP) is proposed as a useful index for estimation of luteal function. In 32 normal luteal phases with in-phase endometrial biopsies, the luteal SP assayed three times between 11 and 4 days before menses correlated significantly with the matched plasma P (PP) values and the ratio of SP to PP X 100 = 1.02. In 19 disharmonic luteal phases, a syndrome characterized by retarded endometrial development and apparently normal corpus luteum function, SP and PP were both in the normal range. In five conception cycles, SP and PP correlated significantly and increased during the evolution of the corpus luteum of pregnancy. In four cycles of luteal insufficiency, P concentrations were lower than normal in saliva as well as in plasma.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The "dysharmonic luteal phase" syndrome: endometrial progesterone receptor and estradiol dehydrogenase.

The dysharmonic luteal phase (DLP) syndrome is defined by delayed endometrial maturation despite normal plasma progesterone (P) values. In ten patients with DLP the actual date of the endometrial biopsy, dated retrospectively, was 24.7 +/- 2.3 days, whereas the histologic date was 20.0 +/- 2.6 days. The concentration of cytosolic P receptor in DLP endometrium tended to be lower, whereas the concentration of nuclear receptor was significantly higher in DLP than in seven matched patients with normal luteal phases. Endometrial estradiol-dehydrogenase activities were identical in both groups. The DLP syndrome cannot be explained by a decreased sensitivity of the endometrium to P and is probably merely functional in nature.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1984

Effect of maternal progesterone exposure on fetal testosterone in mice.

The effect of maternal exposure to progesterone on plasma testosterone levels was studied in fetal mice. A daily subcutaneous injection of 2 mg progesterone to mice from day 14 to 17 of pregnancy resulted in a significant decline of circulating testosterone levels in male fetuses (p less than 0.05). A single injection of progesterone to mothers on day 18 of pregnancy leads to the same effect in male fetuses but increased significantly plasma testosterone levels in female ones (p less than 0.01). The testes of fetuses from progesterone-exposed mothers produced in vitro less testosterone than those of controls (p less than 0.01). These results show that both long- and short-term maternal exposure to pharmacological concentrations of progesterone reduce testosterone production in the male fetus. The nature of this mechanism is yet unknown, but it is suggested that the change of plasma testosterone levels may result from a local inhibition of the fetal testicular function.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Delayed endometrial maturation in women with normal progesterone levels. The dysharmonic luteal phase syndrome.

In 121 women attending the infertility clinic between 1978 and 1982, 127 cycles with luteal phases of 10 days or more were investigated by a complete basal body temperature (BBT) chart, three plasma progesterone assays taken between 11 and 4 days before menses, and a dated endometrial biopsy (EB) taken at the time of the last blood sample. All parameters were normal in 78 women (64.4%) categorized as group I 'normal luteal phases (NLP)'. There were some discordances between the three parameters in the remaining 43 women: 8 had normal BBT but low progesterone levels and delayed EB. They form group II 'inadequate luteal phases'. 29 women (23.9%) had delayed EB despite normal progesterone levels: forming group III 'dysharmonic luteal phases (DLP)'. 6 women had advanced EB and normal progesterone levels: group IV. Apart from endometrial maturation, there was no difference between NLP and DLP, neither in clinical parameters (length of the follicular phase, date and duration of the thermal shift, length of the luteal phase), nor in progesterone levels. Fertilization occurred in four DLP biopsied cycles: pregnancies went normally to term, giving birth to normal babies. Therefore, the DLP syndrome, characterized by normal midluteal progesterone levels and a delayed endometrial development, is not incompatible with normal nidation and gestation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Significance of the diamine-oxidase test in the diagnosis of spontaneous rupture of fetal membranes].

The authors report on their experience collected over a year of the use of the diamine-oxydase activity test after having collected the vaginal secretions on strips of Whatman paper placed in the vagina when they were trying to recognise premature rupture of the membranes. They studied: a control series of 90 patients (30 where the rupture was certain, 60 where it was definite that there was no rupture). They point out how reliable the method is at all stages of pregnancy and how simple and easy it is to carry out; a series of 89 consecutive patients whose clinical picture suggested premature rupture of the membranes; the diagnosis was shown to be wrong 48 times and confirmed 41 times (either immediately in 38 tests using DAO, or 48 hours after carrying out the first test in 3 cases). If this test is used to confirm that the membranes have really ruptured and to say when they have ruptured diamine-oxydase can be a very valuable factor when it is associated with the clinical picture and the ultrasound picture in leading to a rational handling of the case.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMed1984

[Should we still explore placental sulfatase deficiencies? Reflections apropos of a case report].

The finding of low or very low levels of oestrogen during pregnancy should suggest the diagnosis of placental sulfatase deficiency, which is confirmed by performing dynamic biochemical tests. These biochemical tests also enable sulfatase deficiency to be differentiated from other conditions which may be accompanied by an abnormal decrease in oestrogens. The authors report one case and stress the harmlessness of sulfatase deficiency and the associated ichthyosis in boys and they question the value of the dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate test which only confirms an abnormality which is now well known and benign.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Control of the hormonal secretions of quail embryo gonads (normal and DES-treated): in vitro effects of testosterone and of hCG.

In vitro effects of factors such as testosterone or hCG on steroidogenesis by 12-day quail embryo gonads have been investigated by radioimmunoassays. The purpose was to compare the hormonal potentialities (estradiol, estrone, and dihydrotestosterone; E1, E2, DHT) of normal and diethylstilbestrol-treated gonads. The results demonstrate that the reduced steroid production by the treated ovaries does not result from their inability to respond to both factors, but reflects their weakened stimulation in vivo at the time of explantation. On the other hand, the secreting abilities of the DES-treated male gonads do not greatly differ from those of normal testes; even in the presence of favorable factors, and despite their feminization, the ovotestes are effectively unable to produce significative amounts of estradiol. These results are compared with others obtained elsewhere in quail and in chick embryos.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Metabolism of the human placenta perfused in vitro: glucose transfer and utilization, O2 consumption, lactate and ammonia production.

Oxygen consumption, glucose transfer and utilization, and lactate and ammonia release were studied in the human full term placenta using an in vitro perfusion technique. D-Glucose was the only substrate added to the perfusion fluid. On the maternal side, oxygen and glucose were taken up at a constant rate during perfusion. On the fetal side, a lower oxygen uptake was observed. Glucose was steadily released into the fetal perfusate as a result of the downhill concentration gradient established between maternal and fetal circulations. By contrast, lactate and ammonia release took place only into the maternal circulation and decreased rapidly during perfusion. No significant change in tissue glucose content was observed between the onset and the end of the experiment. Placental lactate and ammonia concentrations were shown to diminish significantly during perfusion.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1983

[Attempt at determining fetal sex by the simultaneous study of the HY antigen and testosterone in the amniotic fluid].

Attempts have been made to determine fetal sex early by a simultaneous study of H-Y antigen and testosterone in amniotic fluid. H-Y (male) antigen was serologically detected in the amniotic cells from both sexes, but the results obtained from 473 amniotic fluids showed no significant sex differences either in fresh cells or after culture. Testosterone assays done from 263 samples of liquor confirm that the results obtained in cases of male fetuses were significantly higher than in females. 55% of all males and 47% of females could thus be detected to a level of 100% certainty. The probability of having a girl decreases as an inverse function of testosterone levels and comes out at 85% for testosterone less than 200 pg/ml. On the other hand the probability of a male fetus is 95% when the values are above 240 pg/ml. The determination of the testosterone/DHA ratio in order to try to eliminate the influence of the variations in volume has not improved the accuracy of this diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Biologic activity and quantification of messenger RNA coding for human chorionic somatomammotropin in normal and intrauterine growth--retarded pregnancies.

Total ribonucleic acid (RNA) from human placentas obtained from normal and intrauterine growth--retarded (IUGR) pregnancies was translated in a reticulocyte cell--free system. Synthesis of human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) was estimated as a ratio of specific immunoprecipitated protein over total newly synthesized proteins. There is no significant difference between in vitro hCS synthesis directed by placental RNA from normal and IUGR pregnancies. Measurements of messenger RNA sequences coding for hCS, with a hCS complementary DNA probe, indicated that the hCS messenger RNA (mRNA) concentrations were similar for both groups. Low plasma hCS levels in pregnancies associated with growth-retarded fetuses can be explained by their significantly lower placental weights which correlate with their total RNA content. The total capacity of in vitro hCS production per placenta is significantly lower in this type of abnormal pregnancy. There is a good parallelism between the amount of hCS mRNA, its biologic activity tested in a cell-free system, and the secretion of hCS in the maternal circulation. These data suggest that there is no basic intracellular disturbance in hCS synthesis in placentas from fetal growth--retarded pregnancies.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Effects of prostaglandins on cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity in the human term placenta.

Slices of human full-term placentas, obtained by elective cesarean section, were incubated in the absence or presence of prostaglandins (PGs) and the cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (cAMP PDE) activity was measured. PGE1 and PGI2 were shown to stimulate cAMP PDE activity. The effect of PGE1 is related to an increase in the Vmax of the low Km activity without alteration of this apparent Km. Several findings suggest that the cAMP PDE is activated by its own substrate; PGE1 and PGI2, promote an increase of cAMP formation which is observed before the cAMP PDE activation. Dibutyryl cAMP or theophylline also activate cAMP PDE. In contrast, PGF2 alpha does not influence either adenylate cyclase or AMP PDE. In addition, we found that the ability of the placenta to degrade cAMP, increases after parturition. PG levels are higher in the foeto-placental unit during labor, and a causal relationship between these two phenomena is possible. Our data supporting the concept of hormonal control of cAMP PDE is consistent with the hypothesis that an accelerated cAMP metabolism in placenta contributes to the maintenance of a constant equilibrium of the cyclic nucleotide levels in the foeto-placental unit.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1982

Action of salbutamol on carbohydrate metabolism in the rat fetus.

The metabolic action of salbutamol in fetuses was studied after acute (day 21 of pregnancy) and chronic (5 daily infusions from day 16 to day 20 of pregnancy) treatment of pregnant rats. A single injection of salbutamol on day 21 of gestation induced an increase in plasma insulin levels prior to the rise of blood glucose concentration. After the chronic treatment, fetuses from treated mothers showed a decrease in insulin-secreting ability in response to a maternal glucose injection. However, no modifications in fetal liver and placental glycogen contents or in birth weight could be demonstrated. These results suggest that a chronic treatment of pregnant rats with salbutamol could affect the fetal pancreatic responsiveness to glucose.

Albuterol↗
PubMed1982

In vitro aromatization of androgens into estrogens in placental insufficiency.

We perfused in vitro the placentas of the mothers of 3 small for gestational age (SGA) and 3 adequate for gestational age (AGA) infants. After a systemic injection of 10 mg of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), we measured the time course of the levels of DHEA-S, unconjugated DHEA, delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4-A), testosterone (T), estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) in perfusate. We observed a significant accumulation of delta 4-A + T and a concomitant low increase of E1 + E2 in the placental fluid of SGA infants. We conclude that the aromatase activity could be decreased in some cases of placental insufficiency. This could, at least in part, explain the accumulation of circulating androgens in the mothers of some SGA infants following DHEA-S loading test observed in vivo.

Androgens↗
PubMed1982

Presence of a chorionic gonadotrophin-like factor in mouse placental cultures during the second half of gestation.

Gonadotrophin-like activity in the cultures of mouse placentae, from Days 10 to 18 of gestation, was determined by using a sensitive mouse Leydig cell testosterone bioassay. The limit of detection of the bioassay was 0.05 mi.u. for the 2nd International Standard of hCG. Serial dilution of placental culture media gave dose-response curves parallel to those of the hCG standard. Gonadotrophin-like activity was detected in cultures of placentae from different stages of gestation, and a biphasic variation appeared: the first peak of activity was present at Day 12 (0.853 +/- 0.070 mi.u. hCG) while the second appeared on Day 17 of gestation (0.595 +/- 0.093 mi.u. hCG). These results suggest that the mouse placenta is capable of secreting a gonadotrophin-like factor in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Biochemical evidence for the non-inactivation of the steroid sulfatase locus in human placenta and fibroblasts.

Steroid sulfatase activities are significantly higher in placentas obtained after the birth of girls than after the birth of boys, and also in female fibroblasts compared to male strains. This constitutes biochemical evidence for the non-inactivation of the X-linked sulfatase locus. No hydrolytic activity is found in the fibroblasts of ichthyotic boys. Heterozygosity is demonstrated in the fibroblasts of the four mothers studied, as they have steroid sulfatase activity of less or equivalent to the normal male value.

Cells, Cultured↗