References and control of bullying.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L C Sbaih.
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Last Saturday afternoon I was playing with my family on the beach of a British seaside resort. It became clear that an incident had occurred in the water, when the beach patrol drove very quickly onto the sands closely followed by police cars. The policemen ran straight into the water to pull a small speedboat up on to the beach. I considered joining them to see if any assistance was required, but felt slightly uncomfortable about pushing myself forward, despite being trained in the management of patients with major injuries. A couple of minutes later, two paramedics arrived in an ambulance. Everyone seemed to converge on the small speedboat and I decided to approach the scene in case assistance was required to lift the casualty. When I approached the side of the boat I saw a great deal of blood everywhere and 8 or 10 people leaning over the patient. I asked 'Can I help?' There was no reply. I looked at a woman and said 'Do you need me or do you know what you are doing?' The lady replied to me 'No, I think it's okay, there's a doctor and two paramedics.' I backed off immediately, concerned about treading on people's toes. Twenty minutes later a police helicopter arrived at the scene and the patient had still not been taken out of the boat. Ten minutes after the helicopter had arrived and the patient had still not been moved, I once again, approached the scene and spoke to a police officer. 'I am trained to lift and turn patients with potential spinal injuries. Do you think they need any assistance?' The young policewoman went off to talk to a more senior policeman nearer to the incident, however, she did not speak to the paramedics. After five minutes, I approached both policemen again, and asked if I was required. The policemen both said no and waved me away. It was a further fifteen minutes before the patient was removed on the spine board from the boat, and put into the helicopter. I remained uncomfortable for the rest of the weekend about my response. I realize I tried hard not to offend other health care professionals at the scene, but am anxious that in doing so, I jeopardized the safety of the patient. I have no idea what training the medical bystander had or whether the paramedics were pre-hospital trauma life support trained. Should I have made more effort to satisfy myself that the most appropriate people looked after the patient?
The provision of emergency care, for many A&E nurses, is dependent upon taken-for-granted assumptions, associated with the ongoing management of the changing shape of the work. In particular, routine working practices and procedures reflect a collective ideology of A&E nursing labour which involves moving people on and out of the emergency department. Subscribing to this ideology and realizing good shape provides nurses with a feeling that they are in control of their work and have done a good job. Analysis of the NHS Plan has identified that the Government's goals for reform support as well as challenge the ways in which nurses currently strive towards maintaining the good shape of their work. In particular, the ideology of patient-centredness and the Chief Nursing Officer's ten key roles for nurses, provide an opportunity for nurses to explore the ways in which they can cultivate their routine activities and contribute to the shape of future emergency nursing work.
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In this final paper on the work of Accident and Emergency (A & E) nurses, a specific incident is used to illustrate the ways in which initial assessment is accomplished. In particular, the need to act upon impressions gained, as a result of knowing the case, will be shown to be a fundamental part of A & E nursing work.
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In this second paper on the work of Accident and Emergency (A & E) nurses, a general overview of nursing assessment in the A & E department at the point of initial nurse patient contact is put forward. This is rooted in nurses' accounts of the ways in which nursing work is talked about and accomplished within the A & E setting. Again it should be noted that this paper describes the ordinary rather than the extraordinary and should hold no surprises for those familiar with such work.
This is the first of four papers which examine the work of Accident and Emergency (A & E) nurses. The descriptions in this and the following three papers have emerged from an ethnomethodological study which sought to obtain the views of what A & E nurses believed their work to be. All are rooted in nurses' accounts of the ways in which nursing work is talked about and accomplished within the A & E setting. It should be noted that all four papers describe the ordinary rather than the extraordinary and should hold no surprises for those familiar with A & E nursing work. This first paper explores the ways in which nurses become A & E nurses, however, before descriptions can be put forward, an introduction to the study from which they have emerged needs to be made.
The aim of this paper is to consider how nurses from the 'developed world', in this instance Great Britain, may assist women from the 'developing world', specifically from Pakistan, to meet their and others' health needs. To explore nurses' understanding of women from Pakistan and its translation into delivery of nursing care, a number of topics require exploration. These include culture, health, origins of Pakistani women who have settled in Britain, clarification of the geographical area under discussion and a brief introduction to two studies that have investigated the health beliefs of communities in Pakistan, in particular the health beliefs of women. Appreciation of studies that illustrate women's beliefs about health can provide a basis upon which further examination can take place. Ideas can then be assimilated into a framework for nursing care centred around anthropological and holistic approaches to women from Pakistan. The outcome of this should be an examination of women's beliefs within a cultural context in relation to nursing care and management.
Careful and promptly completed documentation is vital in A&E, where patients rarely stay for long. Most A&E departments do not appear to use a nursing model. Many respondents to the study felt there was no suitable model available for A&E. There is a need for more emphasis on developing models for A&E and educating nurses about their use; nurses also need to be actively involved in their implementation.