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Biomedical subjects

L C Richman

Publications and source records attributed to L C Richman.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Type of reading disability related to cleft type and neuropsychological patterns.

Two groups of cleft palate subtypes (cleft lip and palate and cleft palate only) with reading disability, matched for intelligence, age, sex, and reading level, were compared on reading and neuropsychological test variables. Subjects included 14 males and 10 females of each cleft type ranging in age from 8 to 13. Results showed a significant difference between groups on most language measures and differences in reading comprehension and type of reading errors. Results suggest that children with cleft palate only constitute a language-disorder group with more severe reading disabilities. Children with cleft lip and palate are more likely to have verbal expressive deficits and milder reading problems, possibly related to peripheral speech mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Self-reported social, speech, and facial concerns and personality adjustment of adolescents with cleft lip and palate.

This study examined the relationships among self-perceived social adjustment, concerns regarding facial disfigurement and defective speech, and objective personality assessment of 30 adolescents with cleft lip and palate. The results suggest that while cleft group scores indicate good adjustment, a significant number of adolescents with cleft have self-perceived social adjustment problems related to concerns with facial appearance. Social introversion appears to be related more to facial concerns than speech concerns during adolescence.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

Psychological characteristics of children with cleft lip and palate: intellectual, achievement, behavioral and personality variables.

This review examines research on intelligence, achievement, behavior, and personality of children with cleft lip and palate. Studies of intellectual functioning indicate that the general intelligence of cleft samples is relatively normally distributed with group mean IQ scores within the Average range. There is some suggestion of a higher frequency of depressed verbal intellectual functioning relative to visual-motor intelligence. Factors that appear to affect IQ levels are presence of other congenital anomalies, speech and hearing deficiency, and low incidence cleft-type by sex occurrences. There is evidence that a high percentage of cleft children are underachievers. Personality and behavioral studies do not suggest significant psychopathology, although there is evidence of behavioral inhibition, concern regarding appearance, and decreased expectations by teachers and parents.

Achievement↗
PubMed1980

Personality profiles of physically impaired young adults.

Investigated MMPI profile differences between two groups (N = 54) of young adults with dissimilar disabilities (cleft lip/palate, orthopedic) who displayed observable physical impairment. The results indicate that different forms of chronic observable disability may have differing impact on adult personality adjustment. The findings suggest that young adults with cleft lip/palate display fewer personality adjustment problems than those with orthopedic impairment. These results are discussed in relation to findings from a previous study of similar disability groups of adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Patterns of intellectual ability in children with verbal deficits.

Patterns of intellectual ability were examined in 81 children with verbal deficits identified by a Low Verbal/High Performance WISC profile. The results of verbal and nonverbal tests of intellectual functioning were factor-analyzed, and three groups of children were defined based on patterns of factor scores. Group 1 consisted of children with a Specific Language Disability (SLD) but good Abstract Reasoning ability, while Group 2 included SLD children with good Sequencing-Memory skills. Group 3 children displayed a General Language Disability (GLD) with deficits in both abstract reasoning and sequencing memory. The intellectual patterns were related to cognitive interpretations and found to have educational implications, with Group 1 children reading adequately, Group 2 children showing somewhat poorer reading skills, and Group 3 children reading very poorly. These findings emphasize the importance of identifying subgroups of children with verbal deficits and demonstrate the feasibility of extracting relatively specific cognitive information from global measures of intelligence. The results question the appropriateness of applying traditional assumptions regarding cognitive organization derived from studies of normal children to atypical groups of children.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Cognitive patterns and learning disabilities of cleft palate children with verbal deficits.

This study examined patterns of cognitive ability in 57 cleft lip ad palate children withh verbal deficit, but without general intellectual retardation. The question to be evaluated was whether the verbal disability displayed by these children was related primarily to a specific verbal expression deficit or a more general symbolic mediation problem. Two groups of children were identified on the basis of performance on cognitive tasks which require verbal mediation strategies without requiring vocal responses. The children wit only a verbal expression problem performed significantly better on tasks requiring categorization and associative reasoning, although there were few apparent differences on memory items. Those children with a verbal expression deficit displayed both an underlying symbolic mediation deficiency and learning disabilities. There was a higher proportion of cleft-palate only children in the more severe group.

Achievement↗
PubMed1979

Self indentified personality patterns of children with facial or orthopedic disfigurement.

This study compared personality characteristics of children with cleft lip and palate to another group of children with different observable physical impairment (orthopedic disability) and speech difficulties. It was hypothesized that different types of observable physical stigmata may result in different personality adaptations. Forty-five children from each of two groups (25 males and 20 females) were matched for sex, age, and intelligence. They were compared using the Missouri Children's Picture Series, a non-verbal personality test, on the following dimensions: Conformity, Masculinity/Femininity, Maturity, Agression, Inhibition, Activity Level Sleep Disturbance and Somatization. The results indicate that males with cleft lip and palate are significantly higher on Maturity and Inhibition while Orthopedically Disabled males are higher on Agression, Activity Level, and Somatization. Cleft lip and palate females are significantly higher on Maturity and Inhibition while Orthopedically Disabled females are higher on Masculinity. The results indicate differential personality adaptations in the two different types of observable physical impairments. Results are discussed in terms of their relationship to selected psychosocial variables.

Aggression↗
PubMed1978

Personality profiles of physically impaired adolescents.

Investigated MMPI profiles between two groups of adolescents with dissimilar disabilities (cleft lip/palate, orthopedic) who displayed observable physical impairment. The findings support the contention that type of disability has differential effects on adolescent personality characteristics. However, the profile elevations are consistent with previous reports of behavioral inhibition in both disability groups. Adolescents with impairments of the cleft lip/palate display greater self-concern and ruminative self-doubt over interpersonal interactions. The orthopedically impaired group exhibit an isolative and passive orientation to interpersonal interactions, as well as more generalized feelings of alienation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Parents and teachers: differing views of behavior of cleft palate children.

This study compared mothers', fathers' and teachers' perceptions of behavior of 136 cleft lip and palate children between the ages of 7 and 12. The comparisons were made on the behavioral dimensions of inhibition and acting out. The results indicate that teachers view cleft males and females as significantly more inhibited in the classroom than parents observe at home. The parents are in agreement and differ from the teachers in that they do not view their cleft children as excessively inhibited. Differential expectations at home and school may contribute to the different perceptions of behavior in those environments.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Behavior and achievement of cleft palate children.

Forty-four cleft lip and palate/palate only children were individually matched with forty-four normal school children on the basis of sex, age, grade, intelligence and socioeconomic status. All children received behavioral ratings by classroom teachers, and achievement test scores were obtained. The cleft children were rated by teachers as displaying significantly greater inhibition of impulse (internalizing behavior). Cleft children also were significantly lower on overall basic skills achievement test scores. It was suggested that cleft children may be responding to the social-behavioral environment which may include negative social responses from others.

Achievement↗