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Biomedical subjects

L C Olson

Publications and source records attributed to L C Olson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Nifedipine and isosorbide dinitrate alone and in combination for patients with chronic stable angina: a double-blind crossover study.

Since not all patients tolerate beta-blockers, the efficacy of nifedipine and isosorbide dinitrate was evaluated alone and in combination in patients with stable angina pectoris. The study was a randomized double-blind crossover design with patients titrated to maximally tolerated doses of both drugs. Phases included isosorbide dinitrate alone, nifedipine alone, and isosorbide dinitrate plus nifedipine in combination, with efficacy determined by stress testing. Eleven men and one woman patient with a mean age of 60 years and a mean of five anginal episodes/week completed the study. Patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes I, II, and III. With nifedipine alone compared with isosorbide dinitrate alone, patients had fewer angina attacks/week (p less than 0.02), exercised longer before experiencing angina (p less than 0.03), and had less ST segment depression during (p less than 0.03) or after (p less than 0.05) exercise. When patients received isosorbide dinitrate plus nifedipine, only time to onset of angina during exercise (p less than 0.05) was significantly different from the response with isosorbide dinitrate alone. Analysis of variance between nifedipine and isosorbide dinitrate plus nifedipine was not significant. Diastolic blood pressure with isosorbide dinitrate plus nifedipine (p less than 0.04) was lower than with isosorbide dinitrate alone. No significant differences in systolic blood pressure were noted between the treatment groups. The drugs alone and in combination were relatively well tolerated. Nifedipine alone may be superior to isosorbide dinitrate alone. The combination of isosorbide dinitrate plus nifedipine demonstrated no advantage over nifedipine alone compared with isosorbide dinitrate alone.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1990

Internal cardioverter defibrillator: component failure.

Sudden death occurred in a patient with congestive cardiomyopathy, sustained ventricular tachycardia refractory to amiodarone, and an automatic internal cardioverter defibrillator. Interrogation of the AICD at the time of death was indicative of malfunction. Postmortem analysis documented component failure involving a voltage regulating transistor resulting in prolonged charge times.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated↗
PubMed1989

Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae nosocomial pulmonary infections in children following intubation.

Twenty-nine intubated pediatric patients were prospectively studied to determine whether nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is associated with the development of nosocomial pneumonia. Throat cultures and tracheal Gram stains, leukocyte counts and cultures were obtained immediately following intubation, then serial studies on tracheal secretions were performed. Median patient age was 13 months. One patient had preexisting lung disease and 14 (48%) had pneumonia when intubated. There were five deaths. NTHI was recovered from the initial throat or tracheal culture in seven patients (24%); none developed a nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection. NTHI was not associated with any of three cases of nosocomial pneumonia. Three of 12 NTHI isolates were beta-lactamase producers. Tracheal leukocyte counts and Gram stains were not predictive of pneumonia, either at the time of intubation or subsequently. We conclude that NTHI in the oropharynx or trachea is not predictive of pneumonia among intubated pediatric patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Anxiety and anger in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Responses after automatic internal cardioverter defibrillator implantation.

In order to assess the psychological profile of patients with malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias, eight patients who underwent implantation of the automatic internal cardioverter defibrillator for refractory arrhythmias were evaluated. Six men and two women with a mean age of 53 years were examined with the Symptom Checklist-90, the State Trait Personality Inventory and a specifically designed questionnaire about the automatic internal cardioverter defibrillator. The group studied manifested high degrees of both anger and anxiety compared to normal controls or to other medically ill populations. The trait scores remained essentially unchanged before and after the AICD implantation. The state of anxiety was markedly reduced by 26 percentage points after implantation (P less than 0.01), while the state of anger remained unchanged. In evaluating the number of AICD discharges, it was observed that the number of discharges in the first 6 months was higher than that observed in the subsequent follow-up period (mean 30 months). The reduction in AICD discharges demonstrated a trend (P = 0.094). Patient acceptance of the automatic internal cardioverter defibrillator was high. They became accustomed to the pulse generator after a mean of 3.6 months. The defibrillator permitted resumption of normal activities. If the device became battery depleted, all patients would insist on replacement. The evaluation of this group of patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmias indicates a high degree of anxiety and anger, which potentially may influence outcome. The reduction in defibrillator discharges after the first 6 months in addition to a reduced state of anxiety is a relationship that merits further investigation.

Anger↗
PubMed1989

Left pleural effusion: masking subphrenic abscess--caused by Salmonella enteritidis serotype Heidelberg.

The authors describe a young girl presenting with fever and respiratory distress and a chest x-ray showing a left lower lobe infiltrate and an effusion. She also had splenomegaly. Salmonella enteritidis serotype Heidelberg was isolated by thoracentesis. Further evaluation disclosed an occult but large left subphrenic abscess, explaining the misleading presentation and radiograph. A review of salmonella infections associated with subphrenic abscess is discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Asymptomatic neonatal contamination with herpes simplex virus.

Frequent maternal vaginal and/or lesion cultures for herpes simplex virus (HSV) were obtained from a high-risk maternal population during the course of pregnancy and from oropharyngeal samples of their newborn infants on the first day of life to determine (1) the incidence of asymptomatic neonatal contamination with HSV and (2) the relationship of neonatal with maternal colonization. Four hundred ninety-nine maternal cultures were obtained from 85 patients. The mean number of cultures per patient was six with a range from one to 12. Thirty-three mothers had 41 positive cultures. Fifty-two women had 301 negative cultures. Cord blood HSV-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titers were not different in the two groups of infants (geometric mean titer 1152 and 800, respectively). One infant from each maternal group had a positive oropharyngeal HSV culture. Both infants were asymptomatic. One was delivered by elective cesarean section at term to a mother with four positive cultures obtained during pregnancy. Fetal membranes were intact until delivery. The second infant with a positive oropharyngeal culture on the first day of life was born vaginally to a mother with seven negative cultures during pregnancy. Repeat cultures on both infants during the first week of life were negative. These data indicate that asymptomatic neonatal contamination with HSV does occur in oropharyngeal samples obtained on the first day of life. The data also suggest that there is a poor relationship of viral excretion during pregnancy or the mode of delivery with neonatal contamination. Further data are required to determine the incidence of asymptomatic neonatal contamination and the relationship of maternal with neonatal cultures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMed1986

Transmission of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with a type D retrovirus: immunological aspects.

Simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) was transmitted to four of four rhesus macaques with blood from rhesus macaques naturally infected with a type D retrovirus, simian retrovirus-2 (SRV-2). Three of the four blood recipients died with SAIDS at 13, 15, and 26 weeks postinoculation. The fourth animal is alive with SAIDS. All four test monkeys became viremic and produced antiviral antibody. None of the inoculated monkeys produced measureable neutralizing antibody to SRV-2. The survivor produced higher levels of antiviral antibody than the monkeys that died. Phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A reactivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes was depressed from weeks 6 to 12 after inoculation. Clinical findings included development of splenomegaly in all four monkeys, and diarrhea in two monkeys. Blood counts remained within the normal range except for a depression in the number of polymorphonuclear lymphocytes in two monkeys. Hematocrits were decreased in two monkeys just prior to their death. All four test monkeys developed lymph node atrophy and bone marrow hypoplasia. Total proteins and immunoglobulin production were normal. This report provides evidence that SRV-2, as well as other type D retroviruses, causes SAIDS in macaque species.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Neutralizing antibody in Celebes black macaques recovering from infection with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome retrovirus type 2.

Neutralizing antibodies that block the ability of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) retrovirus type 2 (SRV-2) to induce syncytium formation in cultures of Raji cells have been found in the serum of nonviremic Celebes black macaques (Macaca nigra). Serum from Celebes macaques that are viremic have little or no neutralizing activity. The neutralizing antibodies were shown to block viral infectivity. The group of monkeys with neutralizing antibodies in their serum exhibited a dramatic improvement in their health from 1982 to 1984. The correlation of neutralizing antibodies with clinical improvement suggests that neutralizing antibodies may play a critical role in limiting the pathogenic effects of SAIDS retrovirus infection and in helping eliminate the infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Association of SAIDS/RF-related signs with current or past SAIDS type 2 retrovirus infection in a colony of Celebes black macaques.

The 83 members of the Celebes black macaque (Macaca nigra) colony were screened for viremia with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) type 2 retrovirus and antibodies against the retrovirus. On the basis of this screening, the Celebes colony was divided into four groups: retrovirus-positive/seropositive (virus+/Ab+); retrovirus-negative/seropositive (virus-/Ab+); retrovirus-positive/seronegative (virus+/Ab-); and retrovirus-negative/seronegative (virus-/Ab-). Monkeys in the virus+/Ab+ group displayed more major clinical signs and required medication more times than monkeys in the other groups. In contrast, monkeys in the virus-/Ab- group had fewer health problems than monkeys in the other groups. The five monkeys that had surgically confirmed retroperitoneal fibromatosis (RF), palpable abdominal masses, or both, were in the virus+/Ab+ group. Some of the monkeys in groups with current or past retrovirus infection were well clinically. There were no statistically significant differences in the mitogen reactivities of mononuclear cells obtained from monkeys of the different groups.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Encephalitis associated with Trypanosoma cruzi in a Celebes black macaque.

Progressive central nervous system depression developed in a Celebes black macaque (Macaca nigra) acquired from a zoo in Texas. A spinal tap revealed motile trypanosomes in the spinal fluid. Histological examination of the heart and brain revealed focal myocarditis and intracellular amastigotes, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Control of Shigella flexneri in Celebes black macaques (Macaca nigra).

Stool specimens collected systematically from a group of Celebes black macaques (Macaca nigra) with a high incidence of diarrhea were examined microbiologically. Numerous isolates of Shigella flexneri, Campylobacter jejuni and pathogenic Escherichia coli were recovered. Previous parasitology reports had revealed that the majority of the animals had Balantidium coli. Subsequently, the group was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin and tetracycline. After treatment, Shigella flexneri was not detected in the stool of any animal for 1 year, and the clinical condition of the group was improved. Reduced recovery rates were obtained with other enteric pathogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Neutralizing antibody prevents type D retrovirus viremia in Celebes black macaques.

The Celebes black macaque (Macaca nigra) colony at the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center has a high incidence of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS-RF) that may be caused by type D retrovirus type 2 (SRV-2). During the spring and autumn screening of the colony, seven monkeys previously aviremic were found to be viremic on the basis of the Raji co-culture assay. These monkeys and control groups were selected for further study, which included titration of neutralizing antibody activity and immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) activity before and at the time that the animals became viremic. Results indicated that neutralizing antibody was not present before or at the time that monkeys became viremic and that control monkeys who were IFA+ and did not become viremic had high levels of neutralizing antibody. The IFA titre did not change significantly or predictably at the time the animals became viremic.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Normal cerebrospinal fluid values in children: another look.

Cerebrospinal fluid samples sterile for virus and bacteria from 371 patients who had no evidence of CNS pathology were examined. The patients were divided into five age categories. The white blood cell polymorphonuclear, and mononuclear cell counts were evaluated. The frequency distributions for these cell counts were markedly skewed, so values were calculated as percentiles for each age group. WBC values were highest for CSF obtained from patients in younger age categories, but 25% of patients from all age categories had two or three WBCs in their CSF. Patients from all but the 3- to 6-month category had three polymorphonuclear cells in their CSF 5% of the time. There was no significant difference in CSF WBC count between patients who had seizures and those who did not. Knowledge of normal values in different age groups is needed for the interpretation of CSF findings, but it should be used in conjunction with other clinical and laboratory findings.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Compensated, goitrous hypothyroidism in rhesus macaques.

Bilateral cervical masses were observed in two newborn, male, rhesus macaques. The clinical diagnosis was congenital goiter. Thyroid function screening tests revealed that the affected monkeys had normal triiodothyronine levels, low thyroxine values, and elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. Radioactive iodine uptake and perchlorate discharge tests indicated a postorganification defect. A third, male, rhesus macaque, stillborn after a prolonged gestation, also had bilateral cervical masses. Necropsy and histopathology examinations confirmed the masses were enlarged, hyperplastic thyroid glands. Each affected infant had the same parents.

Animals↗