Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L C Martin

Publications and source records attributed to L C Martin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Arterial hypertension in obese patients with heart hypertrophy. Effects of captopril on insulin sensitivity and growth hormone].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of captopril (Cpt).on carbohydrate metabolism and growth hormone (GH) in adults hypertensive obese patients with normal (NGT) or impaired (IGT) glucose tolerance and left ventricular hypertrophy. METHODS: Ten patients (53 +/- 8 years), 8 women and 2 men, white, body mass index (BMI) > or = 26kg/m2, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) > 135g/m2 in man and > 110g/m2 in woman, with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 95-115mmHg after 3 weeks of placebo, were identified by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT-75g) as either with NGT or IGT, and treated with Cpt 25mg t.i.d. for 8 weeks. At the 8 weeks, dosage was increased to 50mg b.i.d. if DBP > 90mmHg or the decrease of the DBP < 10%, during the next 8 weeks. OGTT and clonidine tests (0,04mg/kg) with determinations, every 30 minutes of glucose, insulin, and GH during 2 hours, were performed. RESULTS: Cpt lowered SBP and DBP in the NGT group and IGT group. The LVMI and the left ventricular mass (LVM) decreased in the IGT group with no significant change in the NGT group. Cpt promoted in the IGT group decrease in the area under the curve (AUC) of glucose, and AUC of insulin, with increase of the AUC of the percent of the beta cell function, AUC of HC, and insulin sensitivity index with no significantly change in the NGT group. CONCLUSION: Adults hypertensive obese patients with IGT had decreased significantly in mean fasting level of GH concentrations compared to age, race, and BMI matched hypertensive patients with NGT. Treatment with Cpt induced a significant increased of the GH, with improvement of the metabolism in patients with IGT.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Efficacy and tolerability of the captopril and hydrochlorothiazide combination in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. Multicenter study].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of captopril 50 mg + hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg daily in mild to moderate primary hypertension. METHODS: Out-patients (n = 471) with mild to moderate hypertension, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 95-115 mmHg, with 15 days of washout, were included to the treatment initially with half tablet of the association of captopril 50 mg + hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg once daily, for 30 days. After this period, patients with DBP > 90 mmHg had the dosage duplicated, while the others had the same dosage for 60 days more. Evaluation was performed 15 days before and then every month during active drug. RESULTS: Twenty six patients were withdrawn, 13 (2.7%) by adverse effects and 13 by protocol violation. At the end of the wash-out period, the blood pressure (BP), 162 +/- 16/103 +/- 6 mmHg decreased significantly at the 30th day to 146 +/- 14/92 +/- 8 mmHg (p < 0.001 vs 0th day); 139 +/- 12/86 +/- 7 mmHg at the 60th day, (p < 0.001 vs 30th day), and further to 136 +/- 11/84 +/- 5 mmHg, (p < 0.001 vs day 0) till the end of the 90th day. Antihypertensive efficacy (DBP < or = 90 mmHg and decreased of the DBP > or = 10 mmHg) was obtained in 82% of the patients. There was no difference in BP control considering race, hypertension level, previous antihypertensive treatment and obesity. Cough (4%) was the main adverse event. CONCLUSION: Captopril + hydrochlorothiazide was effective and safe in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. The favorable response was observed in 82% of the patients independently of race, hypertensive level, previous antihypertensive treatment and obesity. Low incidence of side effects was reported, with no difference from others reported in the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Management of lower extremity arterial trauma.

Extremity vascular trauma is common in most urban trauma centers and controversy remains about the optimal management of arterial injuries. We examined the records of 188 patients who had lower extremity arterial trauma from September 1987 to April 1992 to help clarify these issues. There were 142 (75.5%) gunshot wounds, 18 (9.6%) stab wounds, 5 (2.7%) shotgun wounds, and 23 (12.2%) patients with blunt trauma. There were 43 (22.9%) associated venous injuries. There were 10 repair failures in the acute postoperative period. There were no repair failures for the iliac artery. Three failures involved the superficial femoral artery (SFA), six were popliteal, and one tibial. Vein and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts were used to repair the SFA with equal success. Repair of the popliteal artery with PTFE failed in four of five cases, while vein grafts failed in only 2 of 19 cases (p < 0.01). Graft failure was associated with blunt trauma in 8 of 23 patients (35%), and always resulted in amputation. Penetrating injuries accounted for only 2 of 165 (1.2%) failures and were successfully redone with no amputations. Venous injury was present in all SFA failures. Popliteal vein injury was present in two PTFE and two vein grafts that failed. There were no infections of vein or PTFE grafts. In conclusion, PTFE and vein have equal graft patency for the repair of the iliac and femoral arteries. However, the patency of PTFE was significantly worse in the popliteal location. Vein grafts should be used for repair of this vessel. Graft failure and amputation were more common with popliteal and tibial injuries from blunt mechanisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Comparative and double-blind study of the efficacy and safety of cilazapril compared to nifedipine retard in the treatment of mild and moderate arterial hypertension].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of cilazapril compared to nifedipine retard in mild to moderate hypertension. METHODS: forty randomized out-patients with mild moderate hypertension, diastolic pressure (DP) between 95 and 115 mmHg, with placebo for 15 days were randomized and allocated for treatment, double-blind, once daily with cilazapril 2.5 mg (n = 20) or nifedipine retard 20 mg (20 = n) for four weeks. The non-responders (DP > 90mmHg) had the dosage increased twice, b.i.d., while responders were maintained up to 10 weeks. Clinical visits were performed before, at baseline and every two weeks and the laboratory test was performed after placebo run-in, 4th and 10th weeks of treatment. RESULTS: The blood pressure (BP) were similar between groups at the end of the placebo (cilazapril 151 +/- 14/103 +/- 5 - nifedipine 157 +/- 17/108 +/- 7mmHg, p > 0.05). DP decreased already at second weeks (cilazapril 95 +/- 9 - nifedipine 96 +/- 11mmHg, p < 0.05, compared to week 0) in both groups at the end of study with no difference inter groups. BP normalization was obtained in 58% of the patients with cilazapril and in 61% in the nifedipine group. Adverse biochemical effects were not observed in any group. Six (16%) patients of the cilazapril and 15 (39%) of nifedipine related collateral events, although no difference were observed between groups. CONCLUSION: Cilazapril 2.5 to 25mg normalized BP in 58% of mild and moderate hypertension patients, and this efficacy was similar to sustained-release nifedipine 20 to 40mg. Cilazapril had no adverse effects on the biochemical parameters with low incidence of collateral effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Nasoalveolar cysts: a review of two cases.

Nasoalveolar cysts, also referred to as Klestadt's or nasolabial cysts, though well-recognized, are very rare. Patients with these nonodontogenic cystic masses may present to the otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon with either intranasal, gingival, or perinasal soft-tissue complaints. The congenital nature of these soft-tissue cysts necessitates that the clinician be aware of the embryology of these lesions when planning a surgical approach to their removal. The authors present two such cases, both in middle-aged females, with left-sided nasoalveolar cysts, who presented to the senior author's practice within 1 month of each other.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Relationship of milk production, milk expected progeny difference, and calf weaning weight in angus and simmental cow-calf pairs.

Milk EPD, used to predict the milk production potential of a parent's daughters, have been reported by all major cattle breed associations. Our objectives were to determine the relationship of milk EPD of a dam to actual milk production (both fluid and components) and offspring weaning weight. Angus (AN; n = 114) and Simmental (SM; n = 82) cows were machine-milked at approximately 60, 104, and 196 d postpartum after overnight calf removal. In addition, one herd of AN was also milked at approximately 35 and 145 d postpartum. A lactation curve was fitted to these measurements to estimate total milk production during lactation. Simple correlations between 205-d total milk yields (TMY) and adjusted 205-d calf weaning weight (WW) were .30 (P < .001) and .47 (P < .001) for AN and SM, respectively. Furthermore, milk EPD was positively correlated to adjusted WW (r = .38 P < .001; r = .39, P < .001) and TMY (r = .32, P < .001; r = .44, P < .001) for AN and SM cows, respectively. A 1-kg change in TMY changed WW by .014 +/- .006 kg (P < .001) in AN and by .032 +/- .009 kg (P < .001) in SM. A 1-kg change in milk EPD resulted in a 4.85 +/- 1.14 kg change in WW (P < .001) in AN and a 3.74 +/- 1.73 kg (P < .05) change in SM. Corresponding changes in TMY were 42.1 +/- 16.6 kg (P < .01) and 69.3 +/- 16.0 kg (P < .001) for AN and SM, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Genetic effects on beef heifer puberty and subsequent reproduction.

Significant genetic variation exists within and between breeds of beef cattle for age at puberty (AP). In general, faster-gaining breed groups of larger mature size reach puberty at a later age than do slower-gaining breed groups of smaller mature size; breeds selected for milk production reach puberty at younger ages than do those breeds not selected for milk production. Heterosis, independent of heterosis effects on weight, influences most measures of puberty in females and scrotal circumference (SC) in males. Crossbred heifers reach puberty at younger ages and heavier weights than their straightbred counterparts. Scrotal circumference has been shown to be an excellent indicator of AP in yearling bulls. Furthermore, a favorable genetic relationship exists between SC in bulls and AP of female offspring. Beef cattle breeders may take a direct approach to breeding for AP and subsequent reproduction by directly selecting for measures of fertility such as SC. However, an indirect approach, involving selection for an array of traits that provide an appropriate "genetic environment" for the expression of fertility (i.e., size, milk production, calving ease) may be preferred. Although seedstock producers are limited to making change through within-breed selection, commercial producers can take advantage of both within- and between-breed selection as well as crossbreeding to achieve the same goal.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

[An open comparative study of captopril + hydrochlorothiazide versus chlorthalidone for the treatment of mild and moderate primary hypertension].

PURPOSE: To compare the antihypertensive and metabolic effects of captopril combined with hydrochlorothiazide (C+HCTZ) versus chlorthalidone (CT) in mild and moderate primary hypertensive patients. METHODS: Fifty five patients, without treatment or treated with 15 days placebo were randomized for treatment with the combination of captopril 50mg and hydrochlorothiazide 25mg (n = 29) against chlorthalidone (n = 26). The clinical evaluation was done during placebo and monthly throughout three months, and the laboratory tests were done before and at the end of the study. RESULTS: The blood pressure were similar between groups during placebo period (C + HCTZ: 161 +/- 25/102 +/- 6-CT: 155 +/- 18/101 +/- 6 mmHg); the diastolic blood pressure decreases significantly at first month already in the group C + HCTZ (89 +/- 8 mmHg) compared to group CT (94 +/- 8 mmHg, p < 0.05). The percentile diastolic and mean blood pressure dropped, in average, 12% in C + HCTZ group and in CT varied between 7 (1st and 2nd month) to 11% (3rd month). Without statistical difference, the blood pressure normalization was obtained in 69% of the patients with the association captopril and diuretic and in 50% of the patients in the chlorthalidone group. It was observed a significant reduction of potassium in patients treated with chlorthalidone (4.2 +/- 0.7 to 3.7 +/- 0.4 mEq/L, p < 0.01) that was not observed with the captopril and the thiazide associated. The last treatment also significantly reduced the cholesterol levels (219 +/- 39 mg/dl to 202 +/- 39 mg/dl, p < 0.04). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that captopril combined with low diuretic dose normalize the blood pressure in 69% mild to moderate primary hypertensive patients, and acts faster than chlorthalidone in this control. In addition has metabolic benefits reducing cholesterol levels with no alteration in potassium levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Nautical accidents. Unique injuries.

Not much has been written about nautical injuries, although the increasingly popular recreational boating activities and other water sports are becoming a significant source of injury and death. The authors review common and not-so-common nautical injuries and possible preventive measures.

Accidents↗
PubMed1991

Poor reproductive response of anestrous Suffolk ewes to ram exposure is not due to failure to secrete luteinizing hormone acutely.

Twenty Polypay-sired ewes (Group P) and 14 Suffolk ewes (Group S) were bled at 48-h intervals for 10 d beginning on April 6, 1989, and the serum was assayed for progesterone to determine which ewes were anestrous; 9/20 Group P ewes were anestrous, compared with 14/14 Group S ewes (P less than .001). Catheters were placed into the jugular vein of anestrous ewes from both breed groups (eight of Group P, seven of Group S), and samples of serum were collected at 12-min intervals for 4 h. Then, the ewes were exposed to mature, intact rams, and additional samples were taken at 12-min intervals for 4 h after ram exposure. The serum was later analyzed to determine the secretion of LH in response to ram introduction. After the acute bleeding period, all Group P and Group S ewes were commingled and exposed to a ram continuously for 42 d. Samples of serum were collected thrice weekly and analyzed for progesterone to monitor ovulatory response to ram introduction through the 42-d period. In addition, breeding activity and lambing data were recorded. When all Group P ewes were compared to Group S ewes, a greater proportion (P less than .001) of Group P ewes were mated (20/20 vs 3/13; one Group S ewe died during the 42-d mating period) by the end of the 42-d period and more (P less than .001) ewes lambed in the fall (17/20 Group P vs 2/13 Group S).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anestrus↗
PubMed1989

Histological and ultrastructural study of the inflammation evoked by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigen in previously immunized mice.

Bentonite particles uncoated and coated with soluble antigen of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) were intravenously injected into mice with and without previous immunization with Pb antigen. The inflammatory reaction around the bentonite emboli in small lung vessels was quantitated and morphologically studied by light and electron (EM) microscopy, 2 to 8 days after challenge. In control nonimmunized animals, coated and uncoated bentonite particles caused mild and nonspecific inflammation made up by macrophages. By EM, they formed loosely aggregated clusters with cytoplasm containing few organelles and borders without interdigitation. In immunized mice injected with coated bentonite particles, the inflammatory area was significantly greater than that in nonimmunized animals in all periods of study with maximum difference at day 2. The inflammatory process at days 2 and 4 was characterized as mature granulomata, composed of macrophages with great number of organelles in the cytoplasm, large euchromatic nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Altogether these findings indicated a lesion with high metabolic activity, compatible with a granulomatous hypersensitivity reaction. At days 6 and 8, there was a change from mature to epithelioid granulomata, well demonstrated by EM which showed macrophages with characteristically interdigitated cytoplasmic borders. The results strengthen the importance of cellular immunity in the genesis of epithelioid granuloma in paracoccidioidomycosis and reinforce the usefulness of the present model in studies of the inflammatory cellular sequency and events in this mycosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Fate of bradykinin-potentiating peptide 9a after intravenous injection.

The fat of less than Glu1-3H-labelled bradykinin-potentiating peptide 9a [BPP9a; less than Glu-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro, an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (peptidyl dipeptidase)] was studied in the rabbit. After intravenous injection, BPP9a was rapidly removed from blood and much of the associated radioactivity was excreted in urine. Approx. 8% of the radioactivity in urine collected 2h after drug administration occurred in the form of BPP9a itself, the remainder occurring in three lower homologues: less than Glu-Trp (60%), less Glu-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln (20%) and less than Glu-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile (12%). Hydrolysis was not accounted for by enzymes in blood or urine. Apparently hydrolysis occurred within the kidney, as less than Gl-Trp was obtained in 60% yield in urine of isolated rat kidney perfused with [less than Glu1-3H]BPP9a.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Components of the kallikrein-kinin system in urine.

The excretion of kallikrein in urine varies, but the pathophysiologic implications are not clear. To help clarify the role of the urinary kallikrein-kinin system, we have begun to define components of the system as they occur in urine. To minimize artifacts which may arise through extensive purification procedures, we studied urinary protein concentrates prepared by ultrafiltration. The concentrates were separated by chromatography on Sephacryl. Urine contains abundant kininase activity, but in strongly inhibited forms. Kininase II is separable into at least two forms. Another major kininase can hydrolyze benzoyl-Pro-Phe-Arg and is inhibited by arginine but not by BPP9a or SQ 14,225. Its molecular weight is approximately 63,000. A third kininase, not inhibited by BPP9a, is excluded from Sephacryl. Human urine appears to contain only one kallikrein-like enzyme (MW 45,000). In addition, urine contains a protein (MW approximately 80,000) which reacts with trypsin to release bradykinin and which inhibits the hydrolysis of Pro-Phe-Arg-[3H]anilide by urinary kallikrein. Thus, in addition to kallikrein and kinins, urine contains kininogen and at least three kininase enzymes. Urinary ultrafiltrate contains an inhibitory substance (approximately MW 400).

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Mammalian inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (kininase II).

Urines and sera (human, guinea pig and rat) contain low molecular weight inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). The urines contain ACE, but the enzyme is scarcely measurable without prior ultrafiltration or dialysis. The activity increases strikingly through three ultrafiltration steps using a membrane with a 10,000 MW retention limit. As implied, the ultrafiltrates contain inhibitory activity and can prevent the hydrolysis of [3H]benzoyl-Gly-His-Leu by ACE from any source, including lung and serum. Human urinary ultrafiltrate contains at least three inhibitors separable on Bio-Gel P-2. The inhibitors are acidic and can be partially purified on Bio-Rex 70 developed with an acetic acid gradient. The smallest of the inhibitors can be purified to apparent homogeneity by partition chromatography (sephadex G-25; butanol, acetic acid, H2O; 4:1:5). The excretion of inhibitory activity varies in response to dietary salt: Activity is low when rats are maintained on a high NaCl diet and is high (3 x's control) on a low NaCl diet. Thus, the activity of ACE may be modulated in vivo by naturally-occurring enzyme inhibitors. Whether some hypertensive patients are deficient in ACE inhibitory activity remains to be determined.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗