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Biomedical subjects

L C Chumbley

Publications and source records attributed to L C Chumbley.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Doppler ultrasonography of the ophthalmic and central retinal vessels.

B-Scan-guided, pulsed Doppler ultrasonography of central retinal vessels and ophthalmic arteries of 72 normal subjects gave the following average peak flow velocities: central retinal artery, 9.5 +/- 3.1 cm/s; central retinal vein, 5.7 +/- 1.5 cm/s; and ophthalmic artery, 31.6 +/- 9.0 cm/s. Doppler shifts in the central retinal vessels were absent at intraocular pressures above 80 mm Hg. Ophthalmic artery systolic, middiastolic, and end-diastolic velocities significantly declined as a function of age. The technique is independent of the status of the ocular media, is noninvasive, requires little time, and causes minimal discomfort.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Doppler ultrasonography of malignant melanomas of the uvea.

Doppler shifts were detected using duplex and color Doppler scanning in 41 of 42 patients with malignant melanomas of the uvea. Mean maximum tumor systolic velocity was 18.8 +/- 7.6 cm/s. Time-averaged maximum velocity in the tumor vessels was 12.3 +/- 5.3 cm/s. Maximum tumor velocity increased in four of eight tumors and was unchanged or had diminished in the other four 2 to 3 days after ruthenium plaque irradiation. Doppler shifts were undetectable in three tumors, markedly reduced in three tumors, and unchanged in one tumor 1 to 4 months after treatment. We detected minimal non-pulse-synchronized Doppler shifts in one of three tumors, and no shifts in the remaining two tumors 1 1/2 to 4 years after therapy. Color duplex scanning allowed a rapid overview of tumor vasculature and facilitated study of individual vessels.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1990

Forces on intraocular lens haptics induced by capsular fibrosis. An experimental study.

Electronic dynamometry measurements, performed upon intraocular lens (IOL) haptics of prototype one-piece three-loop silicone lenses, accurately defined the relationships between elastic force and haptic displacement. Lens implantations in the capsular bag of dogs (loop span equal to capsular bag diameter, loops underformed immediately after the operation) were evaluated macrophotographically 5-8 months postoperatively. The highly constant elastic property of silicon rubber permitted quantitative correlation of subsequent in vivo haptic displacement with the resultant force vectors responsible for tissue contraction. The lens optics were well centered in 17 (85%) and slightly offcenter in 3 (15%) of 20 implanted eyes. Of the 60 supporting loops, 28 could be visualized sufficiently well to permit reliable haptic measurement. Of these 28, 20 (71%) were clearly displaced, ranging from 0.45 mm away from to 1.4 mm towards the lens' optic center. These extremes represented resultant vector forces of 0.20 and 1.23 mN respectively. Quantitative vector analysis permits better understanding of IOL-capsular interactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in extracapsular cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation: intraocular pressure and inflammatory response.

We studied prospectively the effects of 2% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), instilled in to the anterior chamber during extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in 122 patients. Significant pressure rise was noted at 12 and 24 hours post-operatively when HPMC was not removed at the end of surgery. This was prevented by washing HPMC from the anterior chamber at the end of surgery, or by using either acetazolamide or a combination of oxyphenbutazone and vitamin C without washing HPMC. There was no difference in intraocular inflammation between controls and the HPMC groups. The group receiving combined oxyphenbutazone and vitamin C had the least, the differences between these two groups being sufficient.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1988

Epidemiology of trachoma in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

A detailed study was made of the prevalence and associations of trachoma in a prospective, randomised population based study of 9058 Palestinian Arabs living in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and in a prospective study of 1,000 consecutive unselected ophthalmic outpatients at St John Ophthalmic Hospital, Jerusalem. Trachoma was found to be widely distributed throughout the two regions. This chiefly occurred as a mild, self limited disease, interspersed with discontinuous pockets of blinding disease. The highest prevalence was found in the Hebron and Jericho districts. Sub-populations at increased relative risk included females, older age groups, rural dwellers, patients with pre-disabling or disabling lesions, and patients with moderate to severe active trachoma. An increased recovery of bacteria by culture of the lids and conjunctiva of patients with moderate to severe trachoma was noted. Prevalences of lacrimal disease, dacryocystitis, and acute bacterial ulcer were significantly greater among outpatients with trachoma than among those without trachoma. No difference in prevalence of either mucopurulent conjunctivitis or herpetic dendritic keratitis was demonstrated between patients with and without trachoma. An increased prevalence of trachoma was found in communities without a continuous year-round supply of running water compared with communities with this facility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of trachoma in the West Bank.

A double-blind stratified treatment trial was carried out on 368 patients with moderate to severe trachoma in two West Bank villages to assess the efficacy of family based therapy using tetracycline eye ointment, oral doxycycline or oral sulphametopyrazine. Treatment with tetracycline eye ointment twice daily for five days each month for six months, or a weekly dose of oral doxycycline, 5 mg/kg body weight for three weeks, or a weekly dose of oral sulphametopyrazine, 35 mg/kg body weight for three weeks was given to the patients and the members of their respective families. Clinical cure rates of 73% for tetracycline eye ointment, 74% for doxycycline and 72% for sulphametopyrazine were achieved three months after treatment, improving to 79, 80 and 82% respectively at one year. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups treated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Herbert's pits and lid concretions: an important association.

A prospective study of 2,000 eyes of 1,000 consecutive unselected ophthalmic outpatients showed that Herbert's pits and superior tarsal conjunctival concretions are significantly associated conditions. Fifty per cent of eyes with Herbert's pits were found to have superior tarsal conjunctival concretions, compared with four per cent of eyes without Herbert's pits. Furthermore, a strong correlation between the degree of Herbert's pits and the degree of development of concretions was demonstrated.

Conjunctiva↗
PubMed1984

Canaliculitis caused by Enterobacter cloacae: report of a case.

A 65-year-old man developed canaliculitis first of the left lower and later of the left upper lacrimal canaliculus. Mucoid material expressed from the upper canaliculus grew a pure culture of Enterobacter cloacae, the colonies of which had a stringy, tenacious, mucoid property consistent with the clinical findings. Treatment with topical chloramphenicol and oral ampicillin was followed by complete resolution.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Eye disease in the West Bank and Gaza strip.

A random sample of 9548 Palestinian Arabs living in the West Bank and Gaza Strip was identified, and 9054 (95.7%) were examined. Particular attention was directed to reduced visual acuity (VA) and its cause and to trachoma. Low visual acuity was defined as less than 6/18 in both eyes and binocular blindness as a VA less than 3/60 in both eyes. The overall incidence of low VA was 6.8% and of binocular blindness 1.7%. The three principal causes of blindness in order of frequency were cataract, trachoma, and corneal leucoma. These three conditions accounted for 66.7% of binocular blindness. Trachoma was present in 2568 (28.4%) of the 9054 people examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Amyloidosis of the conjunctiva--an unusual complication of trachoma: a case report.

A 25-year-old Shona woman with chronic bilateral trachoma developed bilateral, painless, massive conjunctival tumefactions over a period of 2 years. Subtotal removal of the masses yielded tissue which showed the typical staining characteristics of amyloid and contained a heavy plasmacytic infiltration. Systemic examination revealed no other abnormality. The trachoma provided the setting in which the amyloid reaction developed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Impressions of eye diseases among Rhodesian Blacks in Mashonaland.

A study of ophthalmic patients at Harari Hospital indicates that Rhodesian Blacks in Mashonaland constitute a population with interesting ophthalmic features. There is a low incidence of refractive error, with a total incidence of 8,5% of myopia in adults. Functional concomitant squint is uncommon, with an incidence of 0,8% in children under 15 years of age. Non-traumatic, idiopathic primary retinal detachments occur rarely, while secondary retinal detachments occur with low frequency (about 0,55 per 100 000 population per year). Acute and painful congestive angle closure glaucoma is not seen, although chronic angle closure glaucoma is sometimes encountered. Hypertensive retinopathy is not infrequently seen, while diabetic retinopathy is uncommon. Visual loss and blindness from corneal disease are wide-spread. The population has a remarkably low incidence of senile macular degeneration (1,13% of adults over 65 years of age).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). Report and analysis of 30 cases.

The clinical and morphologic findings of allergic granulomatosis and angiitis of Churg and Strauss in 21 men and 9 women were reviewed. The classic features are those of systemic vasculitis in a setting of bronchial asthma and eosinophilia. Pathologically there is necrotizing vasculitis of small arteries and veins with extravascular granulomas, and infiltration of vessels and perivascular tissues with eosinophilia. These features differentiate it from poly-arteritis nodosa. The lungs, peripheral nerves, and skin are most frequently involved. Renal failure was encountered in only one patient in this series. Shortness of the interval from onset of asthma to appearance of vasculitis is an unfavorable prognostic sign. Corticosteroids seem to influence long-term survival favorably.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Low-tension glaucoma.

A retrospective study of 45 patients with low-tension glaucoma revealed the mean age at diagnosis to be 66 years. Seventeen patients had follow-up visual field examinations, the average follow-up period being 6.4 years. There was no significant difference in prognosis of the ocular course between patients with Po/C equal to or greater than 100 and those with Po/C less than 100. The presence of splinter hemorrhages at the optic disk (10% of affected eyes) or of systemic arterial hypertension (diastolic blood pressure greater than 100 mm Hg) was associated with progression of visual field defects. Patients with sudden visual loss or associated hemodynamic events (33% of the total patients) had a more favorable prognosis regarding stability (lack of progression) of visual field defects than those without such an event. Extension of visual field defects across the macula was a common finding (25% of affected eyes). No firm evidence was obtained to indicate that treatment of the low-tension glaucoma improved the prognosis of the ocular course.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Adult cytomegalovirus inclusion retino-uveitis.

A 27-year-old male renal transplant recipient acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of both eyes. This was characterized early by a distinctive necrotic retinitis with discrete advancing edges. A large exudative retinal detachment and hypopyon developed in one eye, and cultures from the anterior chamber aspirate grew CMV. Cytomegalovirus was also isolated from the urine and throat; after serial negative base-line titers, CMV antibody titer became positive. At autopsy CMV was isolated from lung, esophagus, and kidney tissue. Light and electron microscopic studies demonstrated extensive necrosis and disruption of the sensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium with exudative retinal detachments. The diseased retinal cells contained a multiplicity of viral particles in various stages of maturity. Cytomegalic inclusion-bearing cells were demonstrated in the choroid of the more severely affected eye.

Adult↗