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Biomedical subjects

L Burd

Publications and source records attributed to L Burd.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Does the use of phenobarbital as an anticonvulsant permanently exacerbate hyperactivity?

Data is presented on 12 patients in whom phenobarbital, when used as an anticonvulsant medication, either precipitated hyperactivity or permanently exacerbated existing hyperactivity. Discontinuation of the medication resulted in a decrease in hyperactivity in all patients. None of the patients returned to a pre-drug level of activity. The effect of phenobarbital on the reticular system is discussed. It is important for clinicians to carefully consider the potential side-effects of the use of phenobarbital in children in whom overactivity is a problem. Ascertaining whether hyperactivity has been caused or exacerbated by exposure to phenobarbital may be important in the differential diagnosis of hyperactivity.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1987

Are schizophreniform symptoms present in attenuated form in children with Tourette disorder and other developmental disorders.

Childhood schizophrenia is an increasingly difficult disorder to identify. We review the DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia and raise the possibility that schizophreniform symptoms may be present in children with Tourette disorder to identify. We review the DSM-III criteria for seen in Tourette disorder that resemble the symptoms of schizophrenia are discussed and data from selected patients are presented. This data is presented to assist clinicians in making more appropriate diagnoses (that is, avoiding the incorrect diagnosis of schizophrenia) and in refining distinctions between the symptoms of schizophrenia seen in childhood and similar symptoms seen in other developmental disorders, especially Tourette disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

"Montana gin": ingestion of commercial products containing denatured alcohol among native Americans.

A preliminary investigation of the ingestion of commercial products containing alcohol among Native Americans in the United States is described. A survey of Indian Health Service Clinic physicians found 1121 persons to be abusing these products. The products most frequently ingested were hair spray and spray disinfectants. The abuse of these products, nicknamed "Montana Gin," has been found in 14 states. Very little is known about the effects of ingestion of these products and further research is needed.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1987

Lithium carbonate in the treatment of two patients with infantile autism and atypical bipolar symptomatology.

Two patients with infantile autism by DSM-III criteria and with atypical bipolar symptomatology were treated with lithium carbonate. Both children demonstrated a significant response with levels above 1.0mEq/liter. Factors that may be useful in discovering patients with autism who may respond to lithium treatment include a family history of bipolar illness; extreme hyperactivity not responsive to a stimulant; a definite cyclic component to symptomatic behaviors; sustained laughter, irritability, or giddiness that is not stereotypic; and/or the presence of many or all of the symptom criteria for bipolar disorder.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1986

A treatable language disorder: pharmacological treatment of pervasive developmental disorder.

Results of treatment of four patients are described. All of the patients had pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), a tic disorder, and a characteristic pattern of speech and language impairment. The patients were treated with haloperidol for their tic disorders, and concomitant with the reduction of the frequency and severity of tics was marked improvement in language. The patients averaged 3 months of language gain for each week of speech therapy directly after the initiation of haloperidol treatment for tics. Progress in speech and language therapy was extremely slow during the years prior to treatment with haloperidol. To the authors' knowledge, no language disorder has been described in the literature which shows such a predictable and marked response to pharmacological treatment. The authors hypothesize that tic disorders in individuals with PDD may be a marker for a more positive response to dopamine antagonists like haloperidol.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Anticonvulsant medications: an iatrogenic cause of tic disorders.

A review of the relationship between anticonvulsant medications and tics is presented. Data on 5 patients in whom anticonvulsants, either caused tics or exacerbated existing tic disorders is discussed. Discontinuation of the medication resulted in a decrease in the frequency of tickings in all patients. The effects of anticonvulsants on the reticular system are discussed. It is felt that it may be important for clinicians to consider carefully the use of barbiturate anticonvulsants, especially phenobarbital, in children with tics or a family history of tics. Tic disorders caused or exacerbated by exposure to anticonvulsant medications appear to be more common than previously reported, and in some patients the tics may not remit with discontinuation of the medication.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1986

Central auditory processing and attention deficit disorders.

Nineteen children who met criteria for attention deficit disorder (ADD) received neurodevelopmental attention testing and central auditory processing (CAP) tests. The CAP tests consisted of the Staggered Spondaic Word (SSW) test and the Willeford battery of tests. Teacher and parent questionnaires (originally devised at the Learning Disabilities Clinic, The Children's Hospital, Boston) were obtained. There was a very high concordance between the questionnaires and the CAP tests, but a low concordance between the neurodevelopmental measures and the questionnaires. After treatment with central nervous system stimulants, there was again a high concordance between teacher/parent reports and CAP measures, and less than 50% concordance between neurodevelopmental measures and teacher/parent observations. We conclude that the SSW and Willeford battery are sensitive performance indicators of attention disorder. Furthermore, these tests are more useful in titrating response to CNS stimulants than neurodevelopmental assessments and provide objective support for the subjective teacher and parent observations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Pseudohemiparesis and Tourette syndrome.

Three patients with Tourette syndrome and transient recurrent hemiparetic posturing (pseudohemiparesis) are presented. The transient nature of this posturing is not consistent with a static central nervous system deficit. It is felt that the Tourette syndrome symptomatology and pseudohemiparesis share a common pathophysiology. The inclusion of pseudohemiparesis in the differential diagnosis for cerebral palsy is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Asperger's syndrome and Tourette syndrome: the case of the pinball wizard.

We review the English-language literature on Asperger's syndrome (AS), with particular reference to diagnostic criteria and differentiation from infantile autism and personality disorders, and describe six cases seen in practice: all met DSM-III criteria for 'atypical pervasive developmental disorder'. Three also developed Tourette syndrome: the co-occurrence of the two disorders, and methods of intervention, are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on premature labor in the sheep.

The ability of medroxyprogesterone acetate to delay premature delivery was investigated in nine chronically catheterized pregnant sheep (125 to 130 days' gestation). Catheters were placed for measurement of intrauterine pressure and uterine vein concentrations of progesterone, 17 beta-estradiol, and 15-keto-13,14-dihydroxyprostaglandin F2a. Premature parturition was induced in all animals by infusion of dexamethasone (1 mg/24 hours) to the fetus. Three ewes served as controls, three ewes received oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (5 mg/kg/day) 48 hours prior to the start of and during dexamethasone (early medroxyprogesterone acetate), and the remaining three animals received oral medroxyprogesterone acetate 12 hours after the onset of dexamethasone infusion (late medroxyprogesterone acetate). The lengths of time from dexamethasone until the onset of labor and from dexamethasone until delivery were compared, and were significantly longer for each group compared to control times. Of all endocrine events analyzed, the fall in plasma progesterone was the most consistent in all groups, showing that animals with rapid falls in progesterone levels (control group) tended to deliver earlier. These results demonstrate that medroxyprogesterone acetate can delay premature parturition in the sheep. Also medroxyprogesterone acetate appears to delay the endocrinologic events that normally occur at this time.

Animals↗