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Biomedical subjects

L Bujan

Publications and source records attributed to L Bujan.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Time series analysis of sperm concentration in fertile men in Toulouse, France between 1977 and 1992.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether sperm production has changed during the past 16 years in the Toulouse area of France. DESIGN: Time series analysis of sperm donors' specimens between 1977 and 1992. SETTING: Sperm bank of university hospital in Toulouse, France. SUBJECTS: 302 healthy fertile men candidate sperm donors more than 20 and up to 45 years old and without any infertile brothers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Spermatozoa concentration. RESULTS: Donors' mean age at time of donation was 34.05 (SD 5.13), but this increased significantly (P<0.001) during the study, from 32.4 in 1977 to 36 in 1992. Mean sperm count of samples was 83.12x10(6)/ml (SD 68.42x10(6)/ml). Sperm concentration was positively linked to the year of donation (Pearson's coefficient r=0.12, P<0.05), but this correlaton disappeared after adjustment for age of donors (r=0.09,P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Sperm concentration has not changed with time in the Toulouse area.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Excretory azoospermia: contribution of exploratory and curative surgery. Apropos of a follow-up of 33 patients].

Thirty-three patients with azoospermia of apparently excretory origin underwent surgery for epididymis-deferens anastomosis and/or epididymal sperm puncture. Pathology examinations of the epididymal fluid and biopsies of the testicles or epididymis were performed at surgery. Based on the clinical presentation, sperm results and per-operative findings, patients were divided into six groups by etiology: idiopathic azoospermia (n = 5), post-infectious azoospermia (n = 15), agenesia of the excretory (n = 6) or secretory (n = 3) ducts, vasectomy (n = 2), and obstruction of the ejaculatory ducts (n = 2). Peroperative identification of spermatozoa at epididymal puncture or biopsy was statistically more frequent in patients with agenesis of the excretory ducts than in patients with post-infectious or idiopathic azoospermia. Biopsies of the testicle led to the diagnosis of secretory azoospermia in 3 cases and revealed a functional parenchyma in all the other groups of patients. Epididymis-deferens anastomosis was performed in 45% of the cases and was successful in 13%. Rate of fertility with the intracytoplasmic sperm injection was 33%; there was no difficulty in using fresh or frozen sperm. Clinical pregnancy was continued to term with frozen sperm. This study confirms that testicular function is preserved in excretory azoospermia. With or without epididymis-deferens anastomosis, epididymal spermatozoa can generally be preserved for later use. Couples should however be counselled on the delays to contraception which may vary from months to years.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Clinical and biological characteristics of infertile men with a history of cryptorchidism.

Out of 85 fertile and 1014 infertile men, two (2.4%) and 95 (9.4%) respectively had a history of cryptorchidism. Thus cryptorchidism appears to be a risk factor for fertility since this difference was significant. Further comparisons showed that the volume of a former cryptorchid testis was smaller than the contralateral normally descended one and that sperm output/concentration was more impaired in bilateral than in unilateral cryptorchidism. A retractile testis, defined as a testis reported by the patient to be spontaneously and regularly, i.e. at least once a week, ascending up into a supra-scrotal position, was more frequent in infertile men with a history of cryptorchidism than in fertile men. Retractility was more frequent on the cryptorchid side, and was found more frequently after hormonal than after surgical treatment. Independently of all epidemiological and clinical parameters studied, retractility was associated with a lower sperm output. Among the infertile men with a history of cryptorchidism, 45% had an abnormally high scrotal temperature. This abnormal temperature represented a pejorative risk factor for fertility in this group, since it was associated with a more severely impaired spermatogenesis and a higher incidence of primary infertility than in infertile men with a history of cryptorchidism but normal scrotal temperatures.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Male contraception by hyperthermia].

Assessment of the contraceptive efficacy of a daily mild increase (1 degree C to 2 degree C) in testicular temperature during waking hours is reported in nine couples using two techniques of immobilization of the testes in a supra-scrotal position (close to the inguinal canal). With technique 1 (3 couples and 42 cycles), immobilization was achieved with a specific underwear; there was one undesired pregnancy from a man who stopped the heating for 3 weeks. With technique 2 (6 couples and 117 cycles), immobilization was achieved by adding a supplementary ring to the specific underwear; there was no pregnancy. Reversibility and safety were evaluated. These results suggest that a daily mild increase in testis temperature could be a potential contraceptive method for men.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The potential of mild testicular heating as a safe, effective and reversible contraceptive method for men.

A preliminary assessment of the contraceptive efficacy of a daily mild increase (1-2 degrees C) in testicular temperature during waking hours is reported in nine couples using two techniques of non-surgical fixation of the testes close to the inguinal canal. With technique 1, immobilization was achieved by passing the penis and the empty scrotum through a hole made in close-fitting underwear; there was one pregnancy, from a man who stopped the heating after 7 weeks, for 42 cycles of exposure in three couples. With technique 2, immobilization was achieved by adding a ring of soft material surrounding the hole in the underwear; there was no pregnancy for 117 cycles of exposure in six couples. Reversibility and safety were assessed. These preliminary results suggest that a daily mild increase in testicular temperature could be a potential contraceptive method for men.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Epidemiology of male infertility].

The responsibility of the male in the infertility of the couple has been ignored for long time; it is now universally recognized and obliges general practitioners to explore the possibility of male infertility. Clinical and laboratory examinations must be carried out simultaneously, with a systematic search for the major risk factors of male infertility, such as varicocele and history of genital infection or injury to the testis. The practitioner must also investigate the working conditions and the environment of the infertile male in search for occupational risk factors which are frequently overlooked but often have severe consequences.

Environmental Pollution↗
PubMed1993

[How to recognize and classify male infertility].

Infertility of the couple affects 19% of the general population, 4% of which are infertile. Almost 50% of infertilities are ascribable to the male partner. Male infertility is determined by a preliminary clinical and biological evaluation which consists of full examination of the semen, with sperm and spermocyte counts and cultures. Further examinations depend on the data provided by this evaluation. The causes of human infertility can be classified as follows: 1. Abnormalities of the spermatozoa which may be of testicular origin (defect of gonadal maturation, genetic of genic congenital anomalies, varicocele) or of post-testicular origin (acquired or congenital excretory obstacle to be located by surgery and treated whenever possible. 2. Abnormalities of seminal plasma (seminal infections, autoimmunization, isoimmunization). 3. Abnormalities of ejaculation (pathogenic or iatrogenic retrograde ejaculation, organic or psychic anejaculation). 4. Unknown cause requiring more sophisticated sperm examinations, such as microvideography of the flagellum, exploration of the acrosome and of nuclear maturation.

Ejaculation↗
PubMed1993

Increased oestradiol level in seminal plasma in infertile men.

Seminal hormonal patterns in fertile and infertile men were investigated. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, testosterone and oestradiol were assessed by radioimmunoassay, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) by bioluminescence assay, on blood and seminal plasma of 23 fertile men and 83 infertile men. For fertile men, mean FSH, LH, testosterone and DHAS concentrations were lower and mean oestradiol was higher in seminal than in blood plasma; prolactin did not differ. For infertile men, mean seminal FSH and LH showed a moderate but significant increase compared with fertile men; testosterone, DHAS and prolactin did not differ but mean seminal oestradiol was significantly increased. Of the infertile men, 53% had seminal oestradiol concentration above the 90th percentile value for fertile men. The meaning of this seminal oestradiol increase is unclear since it is not known whether it is the cause or the consequence of the alteration of spermatogenesis in infertile men. Further studies are required to explore the possible therapeutic implications.

Dehydroepiandrosterone↗
PubMed1993

[Scrotal temperature in 258 healthy men, randomly selected from a population of men aged 18 to 23 years old. Statistical analysis, epidemiologic observations, and measurement of the testicular diameters].

Scrotal hyperthermia can induce certain alterations in spermatogenesis. The basal scrotal temperature used to define hyperthermia is usually 33 degrees C. However, no study, conducted according to a strict methodology has validated this mean measurement. We therefore randomly selected 258 men between the ages of 18 and 23 years from a population of 2,000 young French men seen at the National Service Selection Centre in order to measure the scrotal temperature over each testis and in the median raphe in order to determine the mean and median values for these temperatures. For a mean room temperature of 23 +/- 0.5 degrees C with a range of 18 to 31 degrees C, the mean right and left scrotal temperature was 34.2 +/- 0.1 degree C and the mean medioscrotal temperature was 34.4 +/- 0.1 degree C. Scrotal temperature was very significantly correlated to room temperature and its variations. It was therefore impossible to define a normal value for scrotal temperature. Only measurement of scrotal temperature at neutral room temperature, between 21 and 25 degrees C, is able to provide a reference value for scrotal temperature. In this study, the mean scrotal temperature under these conditions was 34.4 +/- 0.2 degree C, i.e. 2.5 degrees C less than body temperature. In the 12.9% of cases with left varicocele, left scrotal temperature was significantly higher than in the absence of varicocele and was also higher than right Scrotal temperature. The authors also determined the dimensions of the testes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Role and contribution of karyotyping in male infertility].

In the context of the aetiological investigation of male infertility, the authors stress the place and the contribution of blood karyotype testing in the light of their personal experience based on 1,612 subjects. This examination has an important place, as about 15% of azoospermic subjects and 6 to 7% of subjects with oligospermia less than 10 million spermatozoa per ml, either alone or in combination with other abnormalities of the semen examination, present a congenital chromosomal abnormality. A remarkable constancy of the results was observed according to identical recruitment criteria. The contribution of this examination is also important: the medical and psychological value of detecting the cause of azoospermia, genetic counselling and antenatal chromosomal diagnosis for non-azoospermic subjects with an equilibrated structural abnormality, in whom treatment allows a chance of procreation, genetic counselling for the family of these subjects in order to prevent the appearance of a chromosomally abnormal infant. In conclusion, the authors argue in favour of the routine use of this test in all infertile subjects with at least isolated oligospermia less than 10 million spermatozoa per ml.

Chromosome Aberrations↗