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Biomedical subjects

L Bosco

Publications and source records attributed to L Bosco.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Biliary ileus: personal cases].

After a short review of world literature on the subject, four cases of biliary ileus, all with favourable outcome, are reported. Some considerations on the pathogenesis of occlusion of biliary origin and on its treatment are then set out: such treatment must always be surgical and of emergency type, providing not only for removal of the obstructing calculus, but also for exploration of the whole ileus. Where possible, cholecystectomy and closure of the bilio-digestive fistula should also be performed.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Benign neoplasms of the stomach: personal cases].

After discussing the diagnostic approach to benign tumours of the stomach on the basis of the most valid classifications in literature, the Authors describe the symptoms and frequency of these tumours. They then report 12 personally observed cases, and in particular one case of neurofibroma of the gastric fundus, which was exceptional for localisation, volume and clinical course. They conclude that only open extemporaneous surgical examination can provide confirmation of the benign nature of the neoformation. Therapy must in any case be surgical: the extent of removal will be governed by the extent and location of the tumour, and by the outcome of the histological examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Lens formation from cornea in the presence of the old lens in larval Xenopus laevis.

Three different types of experiments were carried out to investigate the role of the lens in lens-forming transformations of the outer cornea of Xenopus laevis tadpoles (at stage 51, as defined by Nieuwkoop and Faber, '56): 1) simple lentectomy; 2) incision of outer and inner cornea in the region opposite the dorsal iris without lens removal; and 3) incision of outer and inner cornea and perforation of dorsal iris without lens removal. The results indicate that the outer cornea of Xenopus laevis larvae has lens-forming competence, even in the presence of the old lens, only when direct communication has been set up between the outer cornea and the environment of the vitreous chamber. These data indicate that the inhibition exerted by the lens on lens-forming transformations of the outer cornea is mechanical in nature.

Aging↗
PubMed1980

Relationships between vasculogenesis and morphogenesis in the chick embryo spinal ganglia.

By means of India ink injections in chicken embryos from the 3rd to the 14th incubation day, the development of the vascular pattern in the thoracic and lumbar spinal ganglia has been studied. A rather precise correlation has been observed between the successive steps in the formation of the endoganglionic vessel network and the ordered sequence of the proliferation and differentiation processes of the ganglionic neuroblasts: in fact, the developing vascular pattern seems to conform to the morphogenetic changes gradually undergone by the nervous substratum.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Relationships between eye factors and lens-forming transformations in the cornea and pericorneal epidermis of larval Xenopus laevis.

Larval Xenopus laevis at stage 56 (Nieuwkoop and Faber, '56) were subjected to various types of lentectomy: (1) simple lentectomy, from the pupillary space after incision of outer and inner cornea; (2) lentectomy from the dorsal region of the eye; (3) lentectomy from the dorsal region of the eye and simultaneous incision of the outer cornea; (4) lentectomy from the dorsal region of the eye and simultaneous incision of the outer and inner cornea. The results obtained show that the outer cornea underwent lens-forming transformations only when the inner cornea had been incised, thus permitting outer cornea (Experiments I-IV). No lens regeneration occurred when the inner cornea was left intact (Experiments II, III). It was concluded that the factor(s) allowing the lens-forming transformations of the outer cornea is not an aspecific nutritional factor(s) but a more specific factor(s) that cannot reach the outer cornea when the inner cornea is intact. Therefore, the absence of the lens and sufficient nutrient available to the outer cornea are not enough to allow lens regeneration from the outer cornea. When lens removal was carried out through the dorsal part of the eye (Experiments III-IV) the lens regenerated from the pericorneal epidermis of this region in a large number of cases.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Databases for outcomes research: what has 10 years of experience taught us?

This paper describes how the mission of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is being executed through the many programs that it has developed and implemented. The Evidence-based Practice Center program was developed to provide systematic reviews on common and expensive conditions and health technologies and to ensure that this information is used to improve health care outcomes and costs. The National Guidelines Clearinghouse provides an internet-based source of clinical practice guidelines that are produced by clinical specialty organizations for the primary purpose of improving health care delivery and outcomes. Relevant to this symposium on databases, AHRQ has supported the development of databases to track hospital utilization on a state-by-state basis. The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) allows comparisons between states and within regions of individual states. New initiatives have been launched to evaluate interventions across systems rather than focusing on the individual patient (Translating Research into Practice--TRIP). The Centers for Education and Research on Therapeutics (CERTs) program was developed to conduct real world evaluations to better understand the benefits and risks of single and combined therapy. Both programs further the mission of the AHRQ to improve the outcomes and quality of health care, with additional focus on the cost-effectiveness, patient safety, and increasing access to care for all. Information on programs developed by the AHRQ is available in more detail at the Agency Web site http://www.ahrq.gov.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Virtual reality: a simple joke or therapeutic instrument?].

Virtual reality is a relatively new application for rehabilitative neurology, and achieve many successes in assessment and treatment of CNS damages. The Authors describe a prototype computer simulation for virtual environment reconstruction to assess the fundamental living skills of every day dedicated to persons in which CNS injury was occurred.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health-care expenditures for tuberculosis in the United States.

BACKGROUND: The resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) and the increase in multidrug-resistant TB prompted this study, which estimates direct expenditures for TB treatment and public health activities in the United States. METHODS: This retrospective cost of illness study estimated 1991 direct expenditures for TB-related outpatient and inpatient diagnosis and treatment, screening, preventive therapy, contact investigations, surveillance, and outbreak investigations. Existing databases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, Ga) and the Codman Research Group, Lebanon, NH, were supplemented by surveys of state and local TB programs and interviews of organizations that conduct large-scale screening. No estimates of indirect costs were made. RESULTS: The direct medical expenditures for TB in 1991 were estimated at $703.1 million. This cost includes $423.8 million for inpatient care, $182.3 million for outpatient care, $72.1 million for screening, $3.4 million for contact investigations, $17.9 for preventive therapy, and $3.6 million for surveillance and outbreak investigations. Sensitivity analyses yielded a range of expenditures between $515.7 million and $934.5 million. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment accounted for more than 86% of all TB-related expenditures; inpatient treatment accounted for 60% of the total. Prevention activities made up only 14% of all costs. Direct medical expenditures may be underestimated because of limitations in the database on hospital expenditures and health department cost-accounting systems and because of the lack of a national database on screening activities. Greater emphasis should be placed on outpatient treatment and prevention in high-risk populations, and improved cost-accounting systems should be developed in state and local health department TB control programs to facilitate economic evaluation and improve the allocation of health dollars.

Cost of Illness↗