Transmission of bovine virus diarrhoea virus by blood feeding flies.
Three species of blood-feeding flies (Stomoxys calcitrans, Haematopota pluvialis and Hydrotaea irritans) were fed for five minutes on a bullock persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) containing 10(4.5)TCID50 non-cytopathic BVDV/ml serum, then subsequently fed on BVDV-free seronegative animals maintained in isolation. Virus was isolated from recipient animals between days 5 and 10 using H pluvialis, and up to 72 hours after transmission with S calcitrans; virus isolation was negative using H irritans. Positive seroconversion results obtained with H pluvialis gave a steadily increasing antibody titre. BVDV was recovered from flies 96 hours (four days) after an infective feed for H pluvialis and S calcitrans, but for two hours only for H irritans.