By depicting the status of the middle ear beyond atretic canals, multidirectional tomography can materially assist in the planning of surgery for conductive hearing losses. The course of the facial nerve is best demonstrated by the Guillen projection and by lateral projections. Deformities of the inner ear structures may be surveyed by similar projections. Deformities of the inner ear structures may be surveyed by similar projections. The base view accurately predicts the status of the cochlea. If lesions are classified as external canal deformities, middle ear deformities, or inner ear deformities, the clinician may more easily identify hereditary versus environmental syndromes.

Cochlea↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cicatricial pemphigoid of upper digestive and respiratory tracts.

Cicatricial pemphigoid can no longer be considered a "benign" bullous disorder. The most critical lesions are those involving the larynx and esophagus. Endoscopy, biopsy, and culture are essential as early in the patient's course as possible. Surgical intervention might include tracheostomy or gastrostomy and possibly surgical rehabilitation of the airway.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Midwifery as a discipline.

Recent developments within midwifery necessitate an examination of whether midwifery qualifies as a discipline as well as a profession. A discipline is a formalized branch of knowledge and is different from, although related to, a profession of the same name. The author contends that the discipline of midwifery is undeveloped at present but that the time is right for explicit discussion about what defines the discipline of midwifery.

Certification↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hearing loss in renal disease: clinical and pathological studies.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pendred's syndrome with atypical features.

One of seven cases of Pendred's syndrome had mixed hearing loss, bilateral congenital stapes foot-plate fixation, surgically proven unilateral perilymph fistula and delayed fluctuating hearing loss in the unoperated ear. A unifying hypothesis is proposed to link these diversified findings.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pathology of congenital deafness. Present status and future priorities.

The pathology of congenital hearing loss is as varied as the etiologies. Severe external ear anomalies, such as microtia, and middle ear defects have a significant incidence of accompanying inner ear aplasias, more often of the vestibular than of the cochlear end-organs. Classic inner ear aplasias are discussed, including Michel, Mondini, Alexander and Scheibe. A case illustrating close resemblance between a genetically induced Scheibe malformation and rubella inner ear deformities is present. A variety of ear disorders acquired during intrauterine or neonatal life, including cytomegalic inclusion disease, hypoxia, erythroblastosis fetalis and later-onset genetic disorders are also discussed. Illustrative case histories are presented as well as priorities for future investigations into the pathology of congenital and genetic hearing loss.

Adult↗