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Biomedical subjects

L Berggren

Publications and source records attributed to L Berggren.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

CO2 production and breathing pattern during invasive and non-invasive respiratory monitoring.

A computerized non-invasive strain gauge system for respiratory monitoring is described and compared with pneumotachography. With the use of simultaneous capnography, changes in breathing pattern, end-tidal PCO2 and CO2 production were evaluated during non-invasive (NIM) and invasive breathing monitoring (IM) in 14 healthy subjects. An overall absolute difference between measured and calculated tidal volumes of 4.6 +/- 3.47% (r = 0.97) was found. When switching from NIM to IM, tidal volume increased by 19% and breathing frequency decreased by 11% with a 10% increase in minute ventilation. These changes were mainly accomplished by an increased respiratory drive with the timing component unaltered. During IM both end-tidal PCO2 and CO2 production increased significantly as compared with those during NIM.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Individual responsiveness to topical pilocarpine and the effects of variations in application technique.

The effects of nasolacrimal obstruction (NLO) and of eyelid closure (EC) were studied in a group of 6 healthy female subject (25-29 years). The aim was to determine the best application technique for patients. NLO or EC for 1 min was assumed to be a maximum time for patient compliance. A standard eye drop bottle was used with a drop volume of about 40 microliter. One drop of a 1% pilocarpine solution was instilled into the lower conjunctival sac of one eye in a randomized manner: a) NLO b) EC c) NLO and EC d) neither NLO nor EC. The effects on the pupil size, static refraction for distance and accommodative power were followed for 2 h. The results showed no significant difference between the 4 techniques. Pronounced interindividual differences but only small intraindividual differences were found in this group of healthy young females. Two subjects always responded strongly, and 2 other subjects always did so weakly. The application of the same amount of pilocarpine ointment (3%) increased and prolonged the effects on pupil size, refraction and accommodation at all points of time without reaching statistical significance compared with eye drops. Pilocarpine ointment caused considerable subjective discomfort. The experiments with pilocarpine suggest that, from a practical point of view, different techniques of application of ocular drugs seem to be a little importance with regard to local effect. The possibility of pronounced individual differences in pharmacological response should be borne in mind. Pilocarpine induced a significant increase in accommodative power.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1983

Sedation for fibreoptic gastroscopy: a comparative study of midazolam and diazepam.

Midazolam, a water-soluble benzodiazepine, was compared with diazepam in fat emulsion (Diazemuls) as sedation for outpatient gastroscopy in a randomized double-blind fashion. Midazolam 0.05 mg kg-1 was found to be approximately equipotent to Diazemuls 0.15 mg kg-1. There were no differences concerning speed of recovery and all patients were considered ready for discharge after 2 h. Venous tolerance was good for both drugs. With the same degree of sedation, midazolam produced a higher frequency of amnesia (60% v. 7%; P less than 0.001) for the endoscopic procedure. Although the patients appeared to prefer midazolam to Diazemuls, this difference was significant only in patients who had not previously undergone gastroscopy (P less than 0.05). The high degree of amnesia with midazolam may be an advantage in sedation for unpleasant procedures like gastroscopy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Monitoring acetazolamide treatment.

Electron capture gas chromatography was used to determine plasma concentrations after various doses of acetazolamide. In 40 patients steady state plasma concentrations were determined for daily doses of 187.5, 375, 750, and 1000 mg. Mean plasma concentrations increased with increasing dosages but there were marked interindividual variations. Part of the interindividual variation was explained by a positive correlation between age and plasma concentration. In 10 patients with previously untreated glaucoma intraocular pressure (IOP) responses and plasma concentrations were determined for increasing doses of acetazolamide. Increasing IOP reductions were obtained up to a dose of 750 mg while a daily dose of 1000 mg acetazolamide had no further effect on IOP. The relationship between IOP reduction and plasma concentration showed great interindividual variations, from a pressure reduction of 11 mmHg at 6 micrograms/ml acetazolamide to a pressure reduction of 0 mmHg at 11 micrograms/ml. As a rule, the maximal effect on IOP was obtained at a plasma concentration between 5 and 10 micrograms/ml. In most patients a daily dose of 1000 mg resulted in plasma concentrations above 10 micrograms/ml.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1981

Midazolam for induction of anaesthesia in outpatients: a comparison with thiopentone.

Midazolam, a new water-soluble benzodiazepine, with an elimination half-life of approximately 2 h, was compared with thiopentone for induction of general anaesthesia in a randomized, single-blind study. The patients were 60 healthy women undergoing legal abortion as outpatients. Midazolam provided smooth and reliable induction of anaesthesia with few side-effects. However, the induction time was considerably longer in the midazolam group (82.3 + 6.1) than in the thiopentone group (45.9 +/- 1.7s). The dose of midazolam required for induction was 0.36 +/- 0.01 mg/kg, while that of thiopentone was 6.43 +/- 0.21 mg/kg. Apnoea occurred with a frequency of 10% in the midazolam group and 55% in he thiopentone group, but was of equal duration in both groups. Circulatory conditions were more stable during induction with midazolam, with a slower fall in blood pressure and no change in heart rate. The patient were breathing O2/N2O in proportions of 1:2. To ensure adequate surgical anaesthesia, it was necessary to add halothane for short periods for all patients in the midazolam group and for 79% of the thiopentone group. Postoperatively, all patients who had received midazolam, but none induced with thiopentone, had anterograde amnesia; this lasted for more than 1 h. All patients in both groups could leave the hospital after routine postoperative observation for 3-4 h. Venous tolerance was good for both drugs.

Abortion, Induced↗