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Biomedical subjects

L Bartosová

Publications and source records attributed to L Bartosová.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Differential effects of statins and alendronate on cholinesterases in serum and brain of rats.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors represent standard treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Cholesterol plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease development. Because cholesterol synthesis may be inhibited by statins or bisphosphonates, we hypothesized that these drugs might possibly have an influence on cholinesterases. Moreover, we also evaluated if the cholesterol-lowering agents that cross the blood-brain barrier (e.g. simvastatin) should be more effective than those which do not (e.g. atorvastatin). Four groups of rats were orally administered simvastatin, atorvastatin, alendronate or vehicle for seven days. Thereafter, blood samples were taken and the basal ganglia, septum, frontal cortex, and hippocampus were isolated from brains for measurement of acetylcholinesterase activity. In the blood, activities of neither acetyl- nor butyrylcholinesterase were influenced by any of the applied drugs. In the brain, no significant changes in AChE activity were observed after administration of atorvastatin. Both simvastatin and alendronate significantly suppressed the activity of AChE in the frontal cortex. In conclusion, our results confirmed the hypothesis that cholesterol-modifying drugs modulate AChE activity and it is more reasonable to use a blood-brain barrier penetrating drug.

Alendronate↗
PubMed2006

[Study of a newly synthesized substance with a potential to stimulate beta3-adrenergic receptors].

beta3-Adrenoreceptor agonists can stimulate lipolysis in the white adipose tissue and thermogenesis in the brown adipose tissue. These activities could be useful in the treatment of obesity and the associated metabolic syndrome. The effects of six-week oral administration of the newly synthesized substance B496 (methyl-4-[2-[2-hydroxy-3-(4-ethylcarbamoyl)phenoxyprophyl]amino]etyl)-phenoxyacetate hydrochloride) on serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and leptin levels were studied in male Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet. The animals were divided into a group treated with B496 (5 mg dissolved in 1 litre of water) and a control group. The results indicated a significant reduction in serum glucose levels (-26 %, p<0,01), triacylglyceride levels (-21 %, p<0,05) and leptin levels (-43 %, p<0,01). Further the effect of a single intraperitoneal dose (1 mg/kg) of B496 and BRL-37344 on serum leptin levels in the C57Bl/6J mouse was investigated. Administration of BRL-37344 resulted in a significant decrease in serum leptin levels (-55 %, p<0,001). This reduction was not demonstrated by newly synthesized substance B496.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed2006

[Cardiovascular diseases and gene polymorphisms].

Cardiovascular diseases rank among the most important mortality causes in the Czech population. Although the unhealthy living style plays a key role in their development and progression, impacts of the hereditary predisposition can not be denied. This article characterizes the gene polymorphisms and results of mutations in general. An overview of the most important findings presented in papers published in the Czech Republic and worldwide follows. Issues of concrete gene polymorphism associations with such pathological conditions as acute or chronic heart failure, essential hypertension or heart rhythm disorders are discussed. Attention is paid to genes that participate on beta-adrenergic signalling, to genes for angiotensin, to ACE-gene and to angiotensin II receptor gene. A table summarizing the most important data is attached to the article.

Angiotensinogen↗
PubMed2004

[Testing bradycardial effects of a newly synthesized ultra-short beta blocker in laboratory rats].

With the use of normotensive laboratory Wistar strain rats, changes in heart rate induced by three newly synthesized potential ultrashort beta-blockers were tested. The animals were administered the tested substances intravenously in general anesthesia. In all animals, heart rate was measured at predetermined time intervals. All obtained values were converted into the per cents of the heart rate deviation and the results were statistically processed. Using F-test, variability of dispersion was determined, and using Student t-test, statistical significance of the particular change was determined. In all three substances tested, a statistically demonstrable short-time bradycardiac effect was observed. The most marked decrease took place in the first minute after intravenous administration. Substance 44Bu induced the significantly deepest decrease in heart rate (by 13.00%), which lasted longest. No statistically significant difference was found between the actions of substances 42Bu and 43Bu. In all three substances tested, marked changes in the ECG record were observed immediately after intravenous administration. PQ and QT intervals and QRS complex were prolonged, and marked S wave, elevation of the T wave, and a decrease in R wave occurred. The changes were accompanied by a change in the electric cardiac axis.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2000

[The retinal nerve fiber layer in glaucoma. II. The status of the nerve fiber layer and development of changes in the visual field. Prospective study].

PURPOSE: To determine whether retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) photographs can predict future glaucoma visual field damage. METHODS: In a prospective study 158 red free photographs of the RNFL were made from November 1994 to June 1995. 28 eyes of 19 patients with ocular hypertension (repeated intraocular pressure over 21 mmHg and normal visual fields--Peristat 433 Rodenstock--at first examination) could be re-examined for an average time of 42.3 (SD 4.5) months. RESULTS: Only in one eye with normal RNFL at the first examination typical glaucoma visual field defects appeared (6%), but in 6 of 12 eyes (50%) with photographically demonstrable RNFL defects. The difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: There is only a minor probability, that visual field defects would appear during 3-5 years in eyes with normal RNFL photographs (6%), but about 50% of eyes with originally found RNFL defects.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Changes in psychovisual function after central serous chorioretinopathy].

Psychovisual examination methods detect macular changes better and more subtly then hitherto commonly used examination methods, in particular in dynamic investigations. The authors used this method in a series of investigations of diabetes, glaucoma and haemodialysis. The group is formed by 19 eyes of 16 patients with a first attack of central serous chorioretinopathy. Two thirds of the patients were treated by conservative methods, one third by photocoagulation with an argon laser. The observation period was 3 months to 13 years, the mean being 3.5 years. The control group was formed by a group of healthy subjects of corresponding age. The authors proved a statistically significant (5%) reduction of the contrast sensitivity at medium spatial frequencies (6 and 12 c/dg) in patients with one or several attacks of CSCHR. Statistically significant deterioration of colour discrimination (5%) was proved in patients with one attack of CSCHR in 20% of the patients. In patients with two or more attacks of the disease the authors recorded a statistically significant deterioration of colour discrimination (1%) in 44% of the patients. They did not reveal, using psychovisual examination methods, statistically significant differences between groups of patients treated conservatively or by laser. In all cases of impaired colour discrimination a disorder in the blue-yellow region was involved, i.e. in the region of retinal receptors.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The retinal nerve fiber network layer in glaucoma. I. Introduction and methods].

In the retinal nerve fiber layer diffuse and localized defects can be seen in glaucoma. Photographs made with a green filter on black and white high contrast film allow to follow these alterations. This method will be used together with colour photographs for the statement of intra- and interobserver agreement.

Fluorescein Angiography↗
PubMed1994

[Ophthalmologic and psychophysiologic changes in patients in long-term dialysis treatment].

In 14 patients (7 men and 7 women), mean age 48 and 50 years resp. with chronic renal failure, having regular dialyzation treatment for more than 10 years (2 patients more than 20 years) the authors made ophthalmological and psychophysiological examinations in order to assess complications after prolonged dialysis. In three patients dialysis was discontinued while a graft was functional. In addition to known complications, calcification of the conjunctiva, osmotic cataract and retinal changes and changes of the optic disc the authors detected also changes of the visual field, contrast sensitivity and colour differentiation. They revealed changes of contrast differentiation in all spatial frequencies with a maximum in medium and upper frequencies. They revealed in more than 60% disorders of colour differentiation with a maximum in the blue-yellow and blue area of the spectrum. Ophthalmic complications the frequency of which is declining only rare by endanger the function of the eye.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1992

[Changes in the visual field after laser coagulation in type I diabetics].

The authors examined 41 eyes of 22 compensated type I diabetics 1 - 2 years after laser photocoagulation, using an automatic static perimeter Peritest. One fifth of the investigated patients had marked changes - DR20. The patients are not aware of the diminution of the visual field. Even the most extensive diminution of the visual field in this group did not restrict the ability to drive motor vehicles.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Treatment of chronic uveitis with long-term administration of penicillin].

The authors followed up a group of 20 patients with chronic uveitis (10 men and 10 women), mean age 36.5 years. Despite treatment of the foci, they suffered on average from seven relapses of the disease, frequently several times in the course of one year. From the anamnestic aspect there was a significantly high number of spells of tonsillitis, respiratory infections and arthralgia. Half the cases of uveitis, mainly anterior, were bilateral. The patients suffered from dysimmunoglobulinaemia with low values of FW, ASLO, Latex. HLA B 27 was positive in five subjects. After one-year of Pendepon or Penclen administration (in half the patients with NORG) 18 patients did not develop a relapse for a period of 2-3 years. The method is simple, cheap, easy to use in field practice, in particular in junior patients. The clinical effect of treatment justifies the use of this method as an alternative of intermittent immunosuppression.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Working ability of patients with various forms and stages of glaucoma].

Authors evaluated the questionnaries filled by patients with glaucoma of different type treated on the Prague Second Eye Clinic. These were completed by clinical data as state of visual functions and modes and course of the treatment. Different types of glaucoma were present: open-angle glaucoma (74), angular glaucoma (34), pigmentary glaucoma (12), exfoliative glaucoma (4), congenital glaucoma (13). Operations were performed in 26.5% of eyes, laser trabeculoplasty 18.8% and laser irodotomy 15.7%, and pharmacotherapy was applied in remaining patients. Ocular disease was the cause of the change of employment in 11.6%, the total disability pension and the partial one, were acknowledged in 3.6% and, 6.6%, resp. On contrary to the previous data, the number of patients with working disability was significantly decreased in comparison with the previous data. This fact could be explained by the use of the non-miotic antiglaucomatics, laser surgery, microsurgical operations and more precise diagnostics of the earlier stages of glaucoma.

Adolescent↗