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Biomedical subjects

L Barrelet

Publications and source records attributed to L Barrelet.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Euthanasia].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1992

Alopecia and mood stabilizers: two case reports.

Two cases of alopecia observed during treatment with lithium and valproate are described, and the recent literature on this subject is reviewed. Our clinical observations confirm earlier reports. These toxic alopecias are characterized by a diffuse but rarely total hair loss. After stopping medication, the hair grows back generally and completely. Two cases of toxic alopecia are presented where hair grew back following a substitution of lithium by valproate in the first case and after stopping valproate in the second. The evaluation and therapeutic attitude in the presence of alopecia in patients needing mood stabilizers are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Palliative care: therapeutic possibilities for patients at the end of life].

Palliation seeks to provide alleviation of pain and all other physical complaints, together with psychologic and spiritual support. The commonly used symptomatic therapies are undoubtedly fit to significantly improve the patient's quality of life. Subjects of palliative medicine should be included in postgraduate nursing education, covering above all the basic notions listed by the WHO, such as the principles of efficient communication, the pathophysiology of symptoms in advanced cancer, the evaluation and importance of pain, the basic physiologic and spiritual needs of the seriously ill or the dying. It is also mandatory to care about the physiologic needs of the patient's family and to know the physiologic and psychologic reactions in coping with grief.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMed1991

[Multicenter study comparing efficacy and tolerance of moclobemide and fluvoxamine in hospitalized and ambulatory patients with severe depressive episodes].

In a double blind study performed in psychiatric clinics the efficacy and tolerability of the new antidepressant Moclobemide was compared. Moclobemide belongs to a new class of substances called RIMA (Reversible Inhibitor of the monoamine oxidase type A). 61 patients with major depression (according to DSM-III) were either treated with Moclobemide or Fluvoxamine, a selective reuptake-inhibitor of 5-HT. The latter belongs to a class of antidepressants known for their better tolerability compared to tricyclic antidepressants. Moclobemide was as effective as Fluvoxamine but much better tolerated as shown by a lower incidence of side effects such as gastrointestinal problems or headache.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Expressed emotion and first-admission schizophrenia. Nine-month follow-up in a French cultural environment.

A study of 36 French-speaking families in Geneva identified 66% of high-EE household. At nine-month follow-up, the relapse rate for the high-EE group (33%) was significantly higher than for the low-EE group (0%). These results seem to confirm the relevance of EE as predictor of relapse. However, in our sample, it appears that one component of EE, critical comments, was principally responsible for the prognostic validity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Preferential clonogenic deficit of CD8-positive T-lymphocytes infiltrating human solid tumors.

The vast majority of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are either CD4+ or CD8+ T-lymphocytes. In order to examine directly the functional capabilities of the individual CD4+ and CD8+ TIL subsets we performed cell sorting of double immunofluorescence-labeled TIL recovered from 15 biopsies by enzyme digestion. These CD4+ and CD8+ TIL subsets were compared with similar subsets of T-lymphocytes from peripheral blood of normal subjects. Both CD4+ and CD8+ TIL showed a reduced clonogenicity as assessed quantitatively by limiting dilution analysis in a microculture system which allows every normal T-lymphocyte to undergo clonal expansion. The reduced clonogenic potential was unequally distributed among the CD4+ and CD8+ subsets with the CD8+ TIL showing a significant reduction of the frequency of proliferating T-lymphocyte precursors compared to the CD4+ TIL (with a median of 1/50 proliferating T-lymphocytes in CD8+ TIL versus a median of 1/11 in CD4+ TIL). The reduced response of CD8+ TIL was not caused by suppressor cells, lack of surface expression of CD2 and CD3 antigens nor of the alpha, beta T-cell receptor, nor by an accumulation of CD8+ cells of large granular lymphocyte morphology. Using low density cultures, the highly purified CD4+ and CD8+ TIL were stimulated either via the T-cell receptor or the CD2-mediated antigen-independent pathway of activation. Whereas CD8+ TIL did not respond to either stimulus the CD4+ TIL showed evidence of responder and nonresponder groups. In addition, we show that the deficient response obtained by triggering CD4+ TIL via the TCR can be restored by activation of the antigen-independent pathway. Finally, a total of 94 clones from four different TIL samples were obtained by limiting dilution and examined for their respective helper and cytolytic capabilities: 57% of the CD4+ TIL clones were able to produce interleukin 2 and 93% of the CD8+ TIL clones demonstrated cytolytic activity mediated by the T-cell receptor complex, indicating that the functional potential of proliferating TIL is intact.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Proliferative and cytolytic potentials of purified human tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. Impaired response to mitogen-driven stimulation despite T-cell receptor expression.

Using limiting dilution analysis (LDA) we have previously shown that in most instances, the frequency (F) of proliferative T lymphocyte precursors (PTL-P) was strikingly reduced in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). In this study involving 19 cases, we show that the impaired clonogenic potential of CD2+ TILs is primarily caused by an intrinsic defect rather than to suppressor T cells or to a direct effect of the tumor cells usually present in the culture system. This was demonstrated by experiments in which the F of PTL-Ps was quantitated both in highly purified CD2+ TILs (using a cell-sorter) and in non-purified TIL suspensions (still containing tumor cells), which originated from the same biopsy specimen. The F of PTL-Ps was virtually identical in either sorted or nonsorted suspensions and the data from LDA were always consistent with the single-hit Poisson model, indicating that no suppressor cells interfered with growth of CD2+ TIL. Stimulation of sorted CD2+ TIL in low-density cultures by either phytohemagglutinin or anti-CD3-monoclonal antibody (MAb) indicated that the antigen-dependent activation pathway was impaired, although structurally intact T-cell receptor (TCR) complexes were apparently expressed, as assessed by immunofluorescence. The depressed proliferative response of CD2+ TIL could not be reversed in vitro when phorbol-esters were used in combination with ionomycin, which bypass the TCR. Nevertheless, 180 clones obtained from 8 cases were analyzed for their cytolytic activity. The majority mediated specific lytic activity (against unknown antigens), as assessed by lectin-dependent cell cytotoxicity, whereas only 6% of them manifested lymphokine-activated killing on appropriate targets.

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗
PubMed1988

Family expressed emotion and outcome of schizophrenics: a study in a French cultural environment.

This is the first attempt in a french cultural environment to relate family characteristics and expressed emotion to clinical course of schizophrenics. patients were studied during a two year period after their first or second hospital stay. Critical comments on subcategory of classical expressed emotion is associated with relapse, rehospitalization and work capacity but not with a broad measure of social activity.

Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMed1987

[Costs of psychiatric treatment: a comparative approach to 3 categories of patients].

Based on methodology similar to that used in international studies, the calculation of costs was carried out for three cohorts of patients: schizophrenics, other psychotics and non-psychotics, taking into account the parameters of sex, age, professional employment/unemployment. Attention is paid particularly to: the preponderance of indirect costs over direct costs, the much higher level of costs for psychotic patients and amongst these above all of schizophrenics, and significant differences in this last group with regard to sex and age. As far as direct costs are concerned, no substitution of hospital costs by outpatient costs is noted; on the contrary, the cumulative effect of these two constituent parts is marked among the three cohorts no matter what parameters of analysis of data are used.

Adult↗