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Biomedical subjects

L Barclay

Publications and source records attributed to L Barclay.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Relatives' recall of a psychiatric interview.

One hundred seventeen patients from the Burke Rehabilitation Center (White Plains, NY) with clinically diagnosed dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) were identified for a case-control study (CCS) designed to assess risk factors for DAT. A psychiatric evaluation was part of the Burke dementia workup. The study sample was composed of 96 relatives who (a) were present with the patient at the psychiatric evaluation and (b) were interviewed for the CCS. The data for this study were the relatives' responses to the question "Did your relative (patient with DAT) ever see a psychiatrist?" The recall of relatives, regardless of relationship category (spouse, adult children, and others) did not exceed the 50% recall predicted by chance. When the age of the relative and length of time between the two interviews were considered, they did not modify these results.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cancer at the workplace: health promotion and care programs.

The "Europe Against Cancer" initiative seeks to reduce the prevalence of cancer by 15% by the year 2000. This has stimulated an increased awareness of cancer by health care professionals. A training manual was designed to provide opportunities for workplace health care professionals in Northern Ireland to make an impact in the area of prevention and early detection of cancer. The training manual examines attitudes and knowledge about cancer and discusses relevant, effective programs for the prevention and early detection of cancer. It also seeks to enable the development of care and rehabilitation support programs in the workplace. The process of developing the training manual involving occupational health and health education staff is considered to be part of its success.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1990

Cytogenetic analysis of 400 sperm from three translocation heterozygotes.

Sperm chromosome complements were studied in three men who carried reciprocal translocations. A total of 400 sperm were karyotyped after in vitro penetration of hamster eggs: 217 sperm from t(2;9) (q21;p22), 164 from t(4;6)(q28;p23) and 19 from t(7;14) (q21;q13). All possible 2:2 and 3:1 meiotic segregations were observed for t(2;9) and t(4;6); for t(7;14) only 2:2 segregations were observed. For alternate segregations, the number of normal sperm was not significantly different from the number of sperm carrying a balanced form of the translocation in any of the translocations, as theoretically expected. The percentage of sperm with an unbalanced form of the translocation was 57% for t(2;9), 54% for t(4;6) and 47% for t(7;14). There was no evidence for an interchromosomal effect in any of the translocations since the frequencies of numerical abnormalities (unrelated to the translocation) were within the normal range of control donors. The frequencies of X- and Y-bearing sperm did not differ significantly from 50%. Results from a total of 17 reciprocal translocations studied by sperm chromosomal analysis were reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Sperm chromosome analysis in a man heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation 46,XY t(12;20)(q24.3;q11).

Sperm chromosome complements were studied in a man who carried a reciprocal translocation t(12;20)(q24.3;q11). A total of 113 spermatozoa were karyotyped after in-vitro penetration of hamster eggs. 2:2 and 3:1 meiotic segregations were observed with the following frequencies: alternate 47%, adjacent 1 42%, adjacent 2 10%, 3:1 2%. For alternate segregations, the number of normal spermatozoa (25) was not significantly different from the number of spermatozoa carrying a balanced form of the translocation (28), as theoretically expected. The proportion of spermatozoa with an unbalanced form of the translocation was 53%. There was no evidence for an interchromosomal effect since the frequencies of numerical and structural abnormalities (unrelated to the translocation) were within the normal range of control donors.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Women's business: the challenge of childbirth.

This paper was delivered as the opening address at the First National Conference of Childbirth Educators held in Melbourne, Australia, November, 1988. It is published with permission and support from the organisers. This paper develops and links insights available from anthropology, sociology, feminism and economics to the challenge facing childbirth educators. This challenge needs illumination from a number of directions before it can be understood, explained and met. The challenge described in the paper is that of re-establishing the importance and value of 'women's business'. This phrase, developed further at the beginning of the work, is from Aboriginal culture. It conveys the uniqueness of matters belonging to women. Childbirth is currently big business. Its management, whilst masquerading as scientific or medical, is clearly socio-economic. Until this is understood big business will continue to dominate women's business. The paper sets out to develop and defend these assertions and establish a role and responsibility for childbirth educators in relation to them.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed1989

Tobacco use in Alzheimer's disease.

Cholinergic abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be important in the pathogenesis of memory impairment. Tobacco use, which might reflect changes in central nicotinic receptors, was examined by chart review of 272 patients (M:F 86:186) with "probable" AD by NIH criteria, and by interviewing next-of-kin of 39 patients (M:F 15:24) and spouse controls. On chart review, 37% of females and 98% of males had used tobacco, but only 10% of females and 14% of males were still smoking at AD onset. Interval between stopping smoking and AD onset was 18.3 +/- 7.7 years in females and 16.6 +/- 6.8 years in males. Losing the taste for smoking preceded cessation in 60.3% of females and 16.2% of males. Only 7.9% of females and 4.4% of males had withdrawal symptoms. Next-of-kin interview revealed that patients and controls were comparable in demographic data, alcohol use, and smoking habits. 24% of patients and 37% of controls had stopped smoking, often due to losing the taste for smoking (32% of patients; 18% of controls). Withdrawal symptoms occurred in 21% of patients and 41% of controls. Relative to controls, patients less frequently had increased appetite (28% vs 47%), but more often had changed sex drive (22% vs 0%) and altered preference for specific alcoholic beverages (11% vs 0%), after stopping smoking. In AD, the loss of desire to smoke, lack of nicotine withdrawal, and altered appetites long precede cognitive symptoms, suggesting preclinical changes in central nicotinic receptors, as well as possible diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Cerebral blood flow decrements in chronic head injury syndrome.

Global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) has been reported to be decreased immediately after head injury. Since neuropsychological deficits in patients with chronic head injury syndrome persist long after the initial trauma, we studied CBF, which reflects cerebral metabolism and activity, and evaluated the results of neuropsychological tests in 12 alert, responsive patients aged 18-26, both 2-13 months after head injury and 1-12 months after they regained consciousness. Global CBF was significantly decreased in patients with head injury relative to age-matched normal controls. Four patients had well-localized injury; in three of these, CBF over the affected region was significantly decreased relative to the same region in the opposite hemisphere and relative to the same region in an age-matched normal control. In one patient with right frontal injury, cognitive improvement on repeat testing was associated with a relative increase in right frontal CBF. The remaining eight patients had diffuse bilateral injury. Asymmetry ratios (larger value of mean hemispheric CBF divided by the smaller) were significantly higher for the group with localized dysfunction (1.2 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.01, p less than 0.01), suggesting homolateral decrease in CBF in this group. Three patients with diffuse injury underwent repeat studies 5-14 weeks later; all improved on psychological tests, and two had a significant increase in global CBF. These results suggest that the chronic sequelae of head injury include decreased CBF, presumably reflecting decreased cerebral metabolism, which correlates with the neuropsychological impairment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

How is the midwife's training and practice defined in policies and regulations in Australia today?

This paper describes the current definitions of a midwife found in Australian State policies and regulations. It examines these for internal consistency and external comparability. It also discusses the links between nursing and midwifery in Australia and their influence on the midwife's practice. The basis on which midwifery training programmes are established is examined, particularly in the light of characteristics and career plans of midwifery students and the questionable cost-effectiveness of current training. The assumption that nursing leadership is necessarily satisfactory, fitting or appropriate for midwifery is challenged.

Australia↗
PubMed1985

Red blood cell abnormalities in Alzheimer disease.

In a prospective, double-blind study of 84 unselected persons in a dementia clinic, the red blood cell/plasma choline ratios were found to be significantly higher in 47 subjects with clinically defined Alzheimer disease (DAT) than in 37 non-DAT, nondepressed subjects (3.54 +/- 0.48 versus 2.04 +/- 0.34, p less than 0.02). The latter group included intellectually intact subjects as well as patients with other dementias who were comparable to the Alzheimer patients in age, sex, and degree of cognitive impairment. The elevated mean ratio reflected the greater proportion of Alzheimer patients with high red blood cell plasma choline ratios. These elevated ratios appeared to be related to both increases in red cell content and decreases in plasma choline. The authors conclude that the results confirm and extend those previously reported in short series of patients and agree with other evidence that Alzheimer disease has systemic manifestations in nonneural cells, which may be useful in further investigations of the disease's cellular pathophysiology.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Regional decline of cerebral blood flow with age in cognitively intact subjects.

Cerebral blood flow was measured by the 133Xenon washout method in 44 cognitively intact subjects. Regression analysis of cerebral blood flow with age was performed on data from 33 subjects without arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease, hypertension, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, factors which have been previously shown to lower cerebral blood flow. Changes with normal aging were significant in the left and right hemispheres with bilateral changes in temporal, parietal, and occipital regions. An additional group of 11 cognitively intact subjects with arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease but no accompanying dementing disease had lower mean flow values at each detector position than did age- and sex-matched controls, although the differences did not always reach statistical significance. Decreased flows in temporal regions seem to be a concomitant of normal aging, and are not related to the presence of vascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Rates of decrease of cerebral blood flow in progressive dementias.

To determine whether cerebral blood flow (CBF) progressively decreases as dementia progresses, we studied 133Xe washout at two or three different times in 23 demented patients. All 15 patients with Alzheimer's and 5 of 8 patients with vascular dementias had more rapid declines of CBF than did nondemented age-matched controls. Mean rate of change in Alzheimer's disease was -0.60 per month, compared with +0.29 per month in four controls tested twice. Regression analysis of CBF with age in 30 controls tested once showed a decline of CBF with aging at a rate of -0.013 per month. The rates of CBF decline in dementia were significantly correlated with rates of change of behavioral score measuring functional impairment.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Menstruation: a life span view.

"There are wide variations in menstruation--heavy loss, pain, length of time--which people in general do not seem to realise or allow for in seeing their own pattern as 'normal' and 'common'."

Adolescent↗