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Biomedical subjects

L Bakos

Publications and source records attributed to L Bakos.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Ultraviolet radiation decreases the granulomatous response to lepromin in humans.

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) modulates cellular immunity in humans and experimental animals and can interfere with immune responses against infectious agents in animal models. We used the lepromin reaction, a cell-mediated immune response to antigens of Mycobacterium leprae, to determine whether UVR affects the cellular immune response to an infectious agent in humans. We selected 29 healthy, lepromin-positive contacts of leprosy patients and determined their minimal erythema dose (MED) of UVR. Immediately afterward, each subject was injected with 0.1 ml of lepromin in two areas of the buttocks: one at the site that had received twice the MED of UVR and the other on the contralateral, unirradiated site. The irradiated site was given twice the MED every 4 d for a total of five treatments. One week after the last irradiation, both lepromin reactions were measured and biopsied. The size of the lepromin-induced granulomas was significantly reduced in the irradiated site, as was the number of lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a depletion in the number of infiltrating cells and a lower percentage of T cells, particularly the CD4+ subpopulation, in granulomas formed in UV-irradiated skin. This study demonstrates that local UV irradiation reduces the granulomatous reaction to lepromin in sensitized individuals. These findings are of clinical relevance because of the fundamental role played by the delayed-type hypersensitivity response in defense against intracellular pathogens and because of potential increases in the amount of UVR in sunlight reaching the earth's surface.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Cocaine use and withdrawal: the effect on sleep and mood.

Three recreational cocaine users (age, 26.7 years), after one adaptation night, spent 5 days and nights in the laboratory where their EEG, EOG, and submental EMG were recorded during all of their sleep. On the second afternoon and evening of the study, subjects used an estimated 1 to 2 g cocaine intranasally. They all slept between 2:00 A.M. and 9:00 A.M. that night. Blood samples were drawn each evening and morning. Absolute plasma cocaine levels and patterns of elimination were consistent with subjects report of dose and time of administration. Mood ratings were made repeatedly throughout the study. There was suppression of REM sleep during the use of cocaine followed by a rebound which is specific to REM sleep and is not seen in other stages of sleep. REM variables subsided to normal levels on the third recovery night following cocaine use.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Sleep and apnea in the elderly: reliability and validity of 24-hour recordings in the home.

Two studies investigated the reliability and validity of measures of sleep and apnea using the home sleep monitoring system (HMS), which requires no instrumentation of the subject. From a pressure-sensitive pad on the subject's bed, signals from respiration and motility are recorded. These are scored for sleep and the occurrence of apneas, and the following measures are obtained: time in bed, total sleep time, number of awakenings from sleep, waking after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, and number of apneas. Overnight recordings of 14 adults were made concurrently with polysomnographic recordings in the New Haven Sleep Disorders Center. Significant agreement was found for each sleep measure and the apnea index. Four weekly 24-h recordings were made of eight elderly women, aged 62 to 90, in the home. There were significant individual differences and measurement reliability for each sleep measure and number of apneas. Some of the elderly showed highly episodic sleep patterns; and three of them showed high and variable apneas over the four weeks. These studies indicate the potential of the HMS for characterizing sleep in the elderly from nonintrusive, naturalistic observations in the home.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Pregnancy in women with chronic renal disease: a 14-year study.

Between 1975 and 1988 authors encountered 44 pregnancies in 26 women who had had chronic renal disease and unimpaired renal function before the conception. Complications during pregnancy and the outcome of pregnancy were studied. There were 5 spontaneous abortions between the 11th and 20th weeks of gestation, 1 therapeutic abortion, 3 still births at weeks 28, 32 and 33, 6 neonatal deaths at age of 26 to 35 weeks, 11 preterm newborns, 35 live births, 9 infants with intrauterine growth retardation including 4 preterm newborns and 1 fetal malformation and 2 cases with premature rupture of the fetal membranes. The pregnancies were complicated with anaemia in 23 cases, with urinary tract infection in 19, with hypertension in 16, with proteinuria in 12 and with edema in 11 cases. Increase in the serum creatinine value during pregnancy was found in 6 cases. These data indicate that the pregnancy in patients with chronic renal disease who had normal renal function before the planned conception, is accompanied with increased risk for both the mother and child.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Cutaneous Crohn disease].

The term "metastatic" Crohn's disease is used to define the cutaneous lesions, distant from the gastrointestinal tract and separated from other ulcerations by normal skin, showing granulomatous histology. A case of Crohn's disease with metastatic ulcerations of the vulva, perineum, submammary folds, groins and abdominal fold is presented. In the literature only 26 similar cases were found. Cutaneous manifestations associated to Crohn's disease, its classification and treatment are commented. The excellent response of our case to metronidazole is stressed.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Episodic secretion of hormones and the diagnostic value of single blood estimates. III. Testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, cortisol.

The episodic fluctuation of serum testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) and cortisol levels was analysed to determine the reliability of a single blood estimate in characterizing the mean value of a 4 h period. Radioimmunoassay of the steroids was performed in sera of 8 apparently healthy women in various phases of the menstrual cycle in 10 min intervals between 08 and 12 h a.m. Reliability criteria of the methods used were comparable to those in common use. The within-person fluctuation of individual values was determined by the coefficient of variation of single estimates, and the methodological error of the single estimates was characterized with the maximum increment from the mean at 95% confidential limits. A maximum deviation of 30.8, 28.6, 37.0, 25.0 and 61.2%, respectively, found in the above order of steroids, suggests several hormone estimations to be necessary for judging hormone availability in a subject.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Episodic secretion of hormones and the diagnostic value of single blood estimates. I. LH, FSH, prolactin.

The episode fluctuation of serum LH, FSH and prolactin levels in peripheral blood was studied to determine the reliability of single estimates of the average blood level. Radioimmunoassay of the hormones was performed in serum withdrawn every 10 min between 8 and 12 h a.m. from 8 healthy women in various periods of the menstrual cycle. The rate of fluctuation of the hormone levels was characterized by the within-person coefficient of variation of single estimates, which averaged 30.3, 15.1 and 19.2% for LH, FSH and prolactin, respectively. Due to a pronounced fluctuation of gonadotropin levels, analysis of several serum samples is recommended to approach the actual mean hormone level.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Leprosy classification for use in control programs.

Some classifications of Leprosy currently in use are reviewed and the difficulties of their application in field work are analysed. While it is recognized the scientific value of these classifications in order to identify precisely the clinical, bacteriological, histological and immunological aspects of the disease, an alternative simplified classification is suggested, to be used in control programmes. In this classification clinical forms that require the same public health action are put together. Thus, clinical forms are reduced to three basic groups. The clinical and laboratory criteria which define each group are presented, as well as the correlation between this simplified classification and the classic one.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Distribution of HLA B27 and ankylosing spondylitis in the Hungarian population.

On the basis of (a) our epidemiological studies of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) (males 0.4 per cent, females 0.08 per cent), (b) typing of 352 normal persons (frequency of HLA B27 = 12.78 per cent), and (c) typing of 55 AS patients (frequency of HLA B27 = 92.73 per cent), we have calculated the prevalence of AS for the total Hungarian population over 15 years of age. Among males with the B27 anitgen, AS occurs in 2.9 per cent, and in B27 positive females 0.58 per cent. In the population without the B27 antigen, the prevalence of the disease is 0.03 per cent and 0.006 per cent respectively. The quotients of these data show that a person with the B27 antigen has approximately 87 times greater risk of developing AS, than does a person of the same sex without this antigen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The histoid variety of lepromatous leprosy.

Three cases of the so-called "histoid variety" of lepromatous leprosy are reported. This variety has definite clinical features, associated with characteristic histological and bacteriological findings. Some of the features presented by our patients are similar to those described originally by Wade, especially the resistance to treatment. Considering the discrepancies existing among the authors which studied the subject, our opinion is that further studies should be done in order to elucidate the controversial points,

Adult↗