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Biomedical subjects

L B Lave

Publications and source records attributed to L B Lave.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Injury as externality: an economic perspective of trauma.

Economists emphasize the costs in dollars or other desirable outcomes of additional safety in contrast to safety experts who remind people to design safe products and operate them safely. Society loses emotionally and financially from traumatic injury. The emotional loss must be balanced against allowing individuals free choice and encouraging them to develop judgment. Individuals are viewed as making their own best safety decisions, although they must have good information and face the correct indentives. Currently, society subsidizes risk taking in many ways, thereby discouraging safety. Health and life insurance ought to be required along with liability insurance, to correct the incentives to drivers. In addition, regulation is required to deal with physical externalities.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1987

Initial effects of the New York State auto safety belt law.

New York State began enforcing a mandatory automobile safety belt use law on January 1, 1985. We present a preliminary analysis of its effect on fatalities and injuries. Applying a Poisson statistical model to pre- and post-law belt usage rates together with counts of fatalities and injuries in 12 metropolitan areas, we estimate the first six months' application of the law averted 220 fatal, 1,500 severe, 4,600 moderate, and 2,600 light injuries across the state. The Poisson approach gives estimates of injuries averted considerably greater than simple year to year comparisons, indicating that media announcements have understated the efficacy of requiring safety belt usage.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1985

Improving the management of environmental health.

Environmental health regulation has been developed on the premise that both problems and solutions are obvious, requiring only attention and commitment. The result has been impossible legislative goals and frenetic, unfocused agency efforts to deal with too many issues. Preventing all environmental health problems is impossible and not the best approach; instead, attention ought to be shifted toward reacting quickly to problems before irreversible, severe health damage has occurred. Rather than having regulatory agencies attempt to manage all problems, they should be focused on exemplifying goals and productive approaches, and on handling a few major issues. Regulatory agencies should be managing the nonregulatory institutions to ensure that they are effective in dealing with the myriad issues that the agencies will never be able to handle. The inherent limitations of federal regulatory agencies must be recognized to restructure environmental health management to be more effective in lowering risks while being efficient, administratively simple, and more equitable.

Environmental Health↗
PubMed1979

Characteristics of individuals who identify a regular source of medical care.

Having a source where medical services are regularly received is an antecedent to securing high quality medical care; it facilitates access and indicates that the individual is not alienated from the health care delivery system. In this paper we develop models to characterize individuals, both children and adults, who claim a regular source of care. The models are estimated using a logit analysis (since the dependent variable is 0-1) applied to survey data on residents of East Palo Alto, California. These data indicate that in this low-income, predominately black population the most important factor influencing whether a child will have a regular source of medical care is whether the parents have a regular source. For adults, the anticipated need for care (as measured by health status), time in community, and sex were all found to be important. The type of individual least likely to have a regular source of care is a low-income, unmarried male who is in good health and is a recent arrival to the community. The individuals most likely to need easy access to medical care and continuity of care are most likely to have a regular source of care, and vice versa.

Adult↗