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Biomedical subjects

L Axelrod

Publications and source records attributed to L Axelrod.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Coordinate control of lipolysis by prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin in rat adipose tissue.

PGE2 is a potent antilipolytic agent produced by adipose tissue, but its role as a physiological regulator of triglyceride lipolysis is controversial because inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis have not enhanced hormone-stimulated lipolysis in adipose tissue consistently. Adipose tissue also produces PGI2, but this eicosanoid has not had a demonstrated effect on lipolysis under physiological conditions previously. We investigated both PGE2 and PGI2 production and their effects on lipolysis in rat adipose tissue. We found that 1) EPI-stimulated PGE2 production (like PGI2 production) requires the cooperation of adipocytes and endothelial cells, 2) adipose tissue produces PGE2 and PGI2 at comparable rates, 3) indomethacin inhibits EPI-induced PGE2 and PGI2 production and has no effect on EPI-stimulated lipolysis when added to a mixture of adipocytes and endothelial cells or to intact epididymal fat pads, 4) PGI2 is a potent lipolytic agent when added to isolated adipocytes in the absence of endothelial cells under physiological conditions, 5) the magnitudes and the ED50s of the antilipolytic effect of PGE2 and the lipolytic effect of PGI2 in isolated adipocytes in the absence of endothelial cells are comparable, 6) PGI2 antagonizes the antilipolytic effect of PGE2 in isolated adipocytes in the absence of endothelial cells in a dosage-related manner, and 7) the antilipolytic effect of added PGE2 in isolated adipocytes is greater in the absence of endothelial cells than in their presence, suggesting that endogenous eicosanoid production reduces the effectiveness of added PGE2. These studies demonstrate that catecholamine-induced lipolysis is under the coordinate control of PGE2, a potent antilipolytic agent, and PGI2, a potent lipolytic agent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1977

The treatment of the hepatorenal syndrome with intra-renal administration of prostaglandin E1.

Three patients with the hepatorenal syndrome were treated with prostaglandin E1 administered through a selective renal arterial catheter. Prostaglandin E1 was given in progressively increasing doses (2 to 100 ng/kg/min) over a 60-minute period. Control plasma prostaglandin E levels were elevated in all three patients, 0.98, 0.91, and 0.83 ng/ml, respectively. At the end of the infusion, plasma prostaglandin E levels had risen to 10.4, 2.63, and 10.3 ng/ml in the three patients respectively. Plasma renin activity increased during the course of the infusion in two of the patients. The plasma aldosterone concentration did not change during the prostaglandin E1 infusion. Intrarenal prostaglandin E1 failed to increase urine volume or urinary sodium concentration in three patients with the hepatorenal syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Glucocorticoid therapy.

1. There is a poor relationship between the circulating half-life a glucocorticoid and either its potency or its duration of action. Many actions of a glucocorticoid have unequal durations. The duration of action varies with the dose. 2. The presence of biological activity as a glucocorticoid depends on the presence of a hydroxyl group at carbon number 11. Cortisone and prednisone, which are 11-keto compounds, must be converted to 11-beta-hydroxyl compounds to be effective. This reaction may be impaired in the presence of liver disease. 3. Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome differs from spontaneous Cushing's syndrome in several respects, possibly because in the former ACTH is suppressed but in Cushing's syndrome associated with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia ACTH levels are elevated...

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1975

Medical education and practic in People's Republic of China.

A dramatic adaptation of medical education to meet indigenous needs and circumstances has occurred in the People's Republic of China in the context of a highly structured health care delivery and medical referral system, entailing a reduction in curriculum length from 6 to 3 years. Although general directions and guidelines are set centrally by Peking, considerable autonomy and flexibility exist in individual schools. The innovative approaches used include training medical students in countryside and factories as well as medical schools, combining traditional Chinese and modern Western medicine, opening hospital-run medical schools, and using unconventional methods of producing medical doctors. On graduation the students generally return to the communities from which they came. Although the total number of medical graduates still falls short of national requirements, the problem of maldistribution of physicians has been alleviated in China. Medical care is now readily available in rural areas, where 80% of the population resides.

China↗