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Biomedical subjects

L Andrews

Publications and source records attributed to L Andrews.

58 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Two-generation reproduction toxicity study with isopropanol in rats.

A two-generation reproduction toxicity study was conducted in rats with isopropanol. Thirty rats of each sex per group (P1) were dosed once daily by oral gavage with 0, 100, 500 or 1000 mg isopropanol kg-1 for at least 10 weeks prior to mating. Parental animals were mated within groups for up to 3 weeks. Parental females were dosed during mating, gestation and lactation; parental males were dosed during mating through delivery of their last litter sired. The P2 adults were selected from the F1 litters and were dosed for 10-13 weeks before mating to produce a single litter. Findings in the parental animals included increased lactation body weight gain in the mid- and high-dose females, increased liver and kidney weights in the mid- and high-dose groups of both sexes and centrilobular hepatocyte hypertrophy in some P2 males. There was also accumulation of hyaline droplets and other microscopic findings in the kidneys from the mid- and high-dose P1 males and from all treated groups of the P2 males. Increased mortality was observed in the high-dose F1 offspring during the early postnatal period, although no other clinical signs of toxicity were observed in the offspring of either generation. In addition, offspring body weight was reduced during the early postnatal period in the high-dose F1 males and in the high-dose F2 pups of both sexes. Eighteen out of 70 F1 weanlings in the 1000 mg kg-1 group died or were euthanized prior to P2 selection. No treatment-related post-mortem findings were observed in the offspring from either generation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

1-Propanol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A decision aid for women at increased risk for ovarian cancer.

This paper reviews changes that have occurred within and without the medical profession that have fostered an increasing demand for decision aids as adjuncts to practitioners' counseling to prepare patients for decision making. In the absence of data on the efficacy of ovarian cancer screening and prophylactic strategies, decisions about optimal care are difficult for both women and their doctors. Because surveillance and preventive options are an area of great uncertainty, a decision aid has been developed specifically aimed at facilitating decisions involving ovarian cancer risk management options. This was achieved by reviewing and integrating the available literature on models of medical decision making, patient preferences for information and involvement in decision making, the utility of decision aids, and management options for ovarian cancer risk. Findings indicate that patients wish to be informed participants in the decision-making process and that decision aids are an acceptable and effective method of providing quality information in a format that facilitates an inclusive model of shared decision making. A decision aid designed for women at increased risk of ovarian cancer that facilitates informed decision making may be a valuable addition to patient support. A randomized controlled trial of this type of educational material will provide timely and much needed evidence on its acceptability and efficacy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Cybex II evaluation of lateral ankle ligamentous reconstructions.

Chronic lateral ankle instability is a costly disability to the athlete. The Chrisman-Snook and Evans lateral ligamentous reconstructions are two procedures frequently performed to correct ligamentous instability. The entire peroneus brevis tendon is transected in the Evans procedure, thus sacrificing its eversion strength and power. The importance of preserving the eversion function of the peroneus brevis muscle is speculative, but may be of significance for good long-term results. The ankle eversion strength and power of 10 patients with Chrisman-Snook and 10 patients with Evans lateral ligamentous reconstructions were objectively evaluated with the Cybex II Isokinetic Dynamometer. The mean postoperative time to testing was 4.2 years. The uninvolved ankle was also tested and used as the normal strength of the patient. Twenty normal controls matched for age, sex, and physical activity were tested to assure maximum test reproducibility. The eversion strength was tested at several speeds, but torque values at speeds of 30 and 120 deg/sec were selected for analysis. At slow speeds, 30 deg/sec, and ankles that had Evans and Chrisman-Snook reconstruction were 4% and 7% weaker, respectively, than the contralateral normal ankles. At 120 deg/second the ankles were 8% and 9% weaker with the Evans and Chrisman-Snook reconstructions, respectively. A three factor analysis of variance with repeated measures on two of the factors was used to analyze the data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗