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Biomedical subjects

L André

Publications and source records attributed to L André.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Hemoptysis].

An 82 years-old man is admitted for suspicion of bronchial cancer. He has a persistent cough, repeated bronchial infections and haemoptysis. On thoracic CT-scan, there is an increased thickness of the bronchial walls situated at the tracheobronchial cross.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Quality assurance in radiotherapy].

The quality assurance plays an exceptionally important role in radiation oncology. It must include the following areas: The medical indication and the therapeutic concept, the planning, the therapy, the education of the staff as well as the technical supervision of the used installations. The use of a clinic information system and of a portal vision system can support the quality assurance fundamentally.

Hospital Information Systems↗
PubMed1998

[Renal artery stenosis and chronic renal failure in NIDDM].

The NIDDM patient, willingly with high blood pressure and atheroma, has frequently an abnormal renal function. Must a renal artery stenosis (RAS) be searched as a determining or favorising cause? We have searched RAS by color duplex scan, in 60 consecutive NIDDM patients with altered renal function (creatinine clearance < or = 60 mL/min). Metabolic blood pressure (ABPM), cardiovascular and renal investigations have been realised. The population was composed of 22F/38M with middle age: 70.7 +/- 6.2 yrs, diabetic duration: 11.6 +/- 8 yrs, the plasma creatinine was: 161 +/- 78 mumol/L and clearance: 40 +/- 13 mL/min. Thirty eight had albuminuria, 28 had plasma creatinine > or = 150 mumol/L. All patients had high blood pressure. Significative RAS (> or = 70%) was detected in 15 patients (25%) by color duplex scan and proved with arteriography (n = 10) or angio NMR (n = 5). Twelve (80%) had unilateral stenosis (4 thrombosis), 3 (20%) bilateral stenosis. Renal US lead the diagnosis in 10 patients (66%): unilateral or bilateral hypotrophy. Those 15 patients had these following characteristics: 4F/11M (sex R : 0.36), middle age: 70.8 +/- 7.2 yrs, diabetic duration: 14.3 +/- 7.5 yrs, HbA1c was at 8.4 +/- 2%, 8 (53%) patients require insuline and 5 have retinopathy, plasma creatinine was at 169 +/- 6 mumol/L; 32% of patients with plasma creatinine > or = 150 mumol/L had RAS (n = 9/60%), creatinine clearance was at 38 +/- 12 mL/min (7/47% < or = 30 mL/min), 9 (60%) had macroalbuminuria and 5 (33%) microalbuminuria. All hypertensive patients were treated (mean SBP: 148 +/- 16, mean DBP: 82 +/- 7 mmHg) and had 62 +/- 28% SBP escape and 33 +/- 19% DBP escape. Ten had severe hypertension (at least 3 hypotensive drugs), 12 received CEI; 8 (53%) were smokers; 14 (93%) had one or more macroangiopathies (10/66% coronary heart diseases, 7/46% lower limbs arteritis, 6/40% carotid atheroma); 13 of these macroangiopathies are severe. In conclusion, renal failure (especially evolutive and/or treated with CEI) in NIDDM must call up a RAS (25%) specially in elderly males with a long diabetes duration, severe hypertension and macroangiopathies. This patient profile must lead to a color duplex scan to confirm the diagnosis already suspected by the renal echography.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Cloning and characterization of GPD2, a second gene encoding sn-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and its comparison with GPD1.

We have cloned and characterized a homologue of the previously isolated GPD1 gene, encoding sn-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This second gene, called GPD2, encodes a protein of 384 amino acids that shares 69% sequence identity with GPD1. Like GPD1 it has an amino-terminal extension of unknown function. GPD2 is located on chromosome VII and cross-hybridizes with GPD1 at chromosome IV as well as with an unknown homologue at chromosome XV. Disruption of the GPD2 gene did not reveal any observable phenotypic effects, whereas overexpression resulted in a slight, but significant, increase of GPD enzyme activity in wild-type cells. Analysis of gene transcription by a CAT-reporter gene fused to the GPD promoters revealed decreased transcriptional activity of the GPD2 promoter in cells grown on nonfermentable as opposed to fermentable carbon sources, and no induction in cells exposed to high osmolarity or heat shock. Similar analysis of GPD1 demonstrated an 8-17-fold higher basal level of transcription compared to GPD2. Furthermore, such analysis revealed that the GPD1 promoter was induced by increased osmolarity essentially independent of the type of stress solute used, the level of GPD1 transcription being increased about sevenfold in cells growing at 1.4 M NaCl.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Early radionuclide detection of intrapulmonary shunts in children with liver disease.

UNLABELLED: In order to detect and quantify intrapulmonary shunts in children with liver disease, a radionuclide method was developed and evaluated in such a population. METHODS: We studied 135 children in whom the severity of liver disease, in most cases, justified consideration of liver transplantation. Patients were separated into two groups according to their resting PaO2 values under room air: 109 children were normoxic and 26 were hypoxic. A radionuclide scan was performed immediately after intravenous injection of human albumin macroaggregates. Activity of the lungs (L) and brain (B) was counted. A shunt index (SI) was calculated as SI = 100.B/L. We compared this index with blood gases and clinical follow-up. RESULTS: In the normoxic group, SI was 0.43 +/- 0.30 (mean +/- s.d.); none of the 102 children with SI < 1 developed hypoxemia during their follow-up. Two of the six children with SI > 1 developed subsequent hypoxemia. In the hypoxic group, the nine children with SI < 1 did not aggravate their hypoxemia during follow-up. The 17 hypoxic children with SI > 1 later developed severe hypoxemia. CONCLUSIONS: Scintigraphy with intravenous human albumin macroaggregates is more accurate than measuring arterial blood gases to detect IPS in children with cirrhosis.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMed1991

Osmoregulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Studies on the osmotic induction of glycerol production and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+)

Production of glycerol and a key enzyme in glycerol production, glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (GPD), was studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultured in basal media or media of high salinity, with glucose, raffinose or ethanol as the sole carbon source. At high salinity, glycerol production was stimulated with all carbon sources and glycerol was accumulated to high intracellular concentration in cells grown on glucose and raffinose. Cells grown on ethanol accumulated glycerol to a lower level but showed an increased content of trehalose at high salinity. However, the trehalose concentration corresponded only to about 20% of the glycerol level, and did not compensate for the shortfall in intracellular osmolyte content. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated an increased production of GPD at high salinity. This increase was osmotically mediated but was lower when glycerol was substituted for NaCl or sorbitol as the stress-solute. The enzyme also appeared to be subject to glucose repression; the specific activity of GPD was significantly lower in cells grown on glucose, than on raffinose or ethanol.

Ethanol↗
PubMed1991

Biliary pain in postcholecystectomy patients without biliary obstruction. A prospective radionuclide study.

Biliary pain without obvious biliary obstruction is common in postcholecystectomy patients. We studied 20 symptomatic patients with episodes of biliary-type pain after cholecystectomy (all having undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiography), and in 18 asymptomatic postcholecystectomy controls. We performed quantitative hepatobiliary radionuclide analysis with dimethyl-imidodiacetic acid. From a series of 90 dynamic images at 1-min intervals using a gamma camera coupled to a computer, time-activity curves were produced in regions of interest in the liver, intrahepatic biliary tree, common duct, and heart, from which quantitative biliary excretion indexes were obtained. The results demonstrate a biliary kinetic dysfunction in patients with postcholecystectomy pain without morphological abnormalities.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1991

[2 cases of neurinoma of the mastoidal portion of the facial nerve: diagnostic contribution of MRI].

The authors report 2 cases of patients presenting a neurinoma of the 3rd portion of the facial nerve. In the 2 cases, the surgical observations correlated perfectly with the results of the radiological examinations (scanner and MRI). The clinical and paraclinical presentation of this rare tumor is recalled, emphasizing the additional contribution of imaging techniques: the scanner is indeed indispensable for evaluating the osseous destructions on the intrapetrous trajectory of the facial nerve, whereas MRI (in particular with injections of gadolinium) evaluates the exact tumoral limits as best as possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A procedure for enrichment and isolation of mutants of the salt-tolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii having altered glycerol metabolism.

The salt-tolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii produces and accumulates glycerol when subjected to salt stress, whereby the buoyant density of the cells is changed. This property allows for enrichment of mutants with altered glycerol metabolism by density gradient centrifugation. Colonies derived from cells with rapidly changing density following an osmotic shock were screened for increased glycerol production by observing their ability to support growth of a glycerol-requiring strain of Escherichia coli. The glycerol overproducting phenotype of two isolates was confirmed by chemical analysis.

Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗
PubMed1988

Efficient secretion of two fungal cellobiohydrolases by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Two different cellobiohydrolases, CBHI and CBHII, of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei both hydrolyse highly crystalline cellulose. Cellulolytic strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were constructed by transferring cDNAs coding for these enzymes into yeast on an expression plasmid. These cellulolytic yeasts were able to secrete efficiently the large, heterologous proteins to the culture medium. The recombinant cellulases were observed to be heterogeneous in Mr due, at least partly, to variable N-glycosylation. Recombinant CBHII was able to bind to crystalline cellulose, although slightly less efficiently than the native enzyme. Both of the two recombinant cellulases were able to degrade amorphous cellulose. In a fermenter cultivation, around 100 micrograms/ml of CBHII was secreted into the yeast growth medium.

Cellulose↗
PubMed1987

Expression of two Trichoderma reesei endoglucanases in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The cDNA copies of the two endo-beta-1,4-glucanase genes, egl1 and egl3, from the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei were expressed in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of the yeast phosphoglycerate kinase gene promoter. Active EGI and EGIII enzyme was produced and secreted by yeast into the growth medium. The recombinant EGI enzyme was larger and more heterogeneous in size than the native enzyme secreted by Trichoderma, due to differences in the extent of N-glycosylation between these two organisms. The morphology of the yeast cells producing EGI or EGIII was clearly different from control strain.

Blotting, Western↗