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Biomedical subjects

L Andersson

Publications and source records attributed to L Andersson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Type of treatment and estimation of time spent on dental trauma--a longitudinal and retrospective study.

The consequences of traumatic tooth injuries (dental trauma) are time-consuming and costly treatment and follow-ups, of which our knowledge is scarce. Consequently the aim of the present study was to measure the total time of treatment of uncomplicated and complicated traumas to primary and permanent teeth. The study was performed in three steps based on a randomly selected sample of Danish children and adolescents living in the municipality of Copenhagen, Denmark: (I) A descriptive analysis of traumas affecting 106 children and adolescents all born in 1970 and randomly chosen among the total number of patients treated. Treatments took place between 1972 and 1988. (II) A study of the time and frequency of different types of emergency and planned treatment estimated by 14 dentists employed by the municipal dental service. (III) Calculation of the total treatment time on the basis of the results from (I) and (II). The most common traumas were luxations of primary teeth and fractures of permanent teeth. The most frequent treatments dealt with were uncomplicated crown fractures and luxations followed by other different diagnoses of complicated traumas. The treatment time for primary teeth for uncomplicated traumas were used mostly for information, while the time for complicated traumas was used for follow-ups. The treatment time for traumas to permanent teeth was dominated by follow-ups, irrespective of the complication status. Only 3% of uncomplicated traumas of permanent teeth resulted in endodontic treatment, compared to 67% with complicated traumas. Uncomplicated traumas to primary teeth required a total of 2.5 visits and 0.8 hrs treatment time, while 4.3 visits and 1.6 hrs per individual were used for complicated traumas. For permanent teeth with uncomplicated traumas 9.2 visits and 3.2 hrs were required, and for complicated traumas 16.4 visits and 8.5 hrs per individual. The respective treatment times for complicated traumas for primary and permanent teeth were 2.0 and 2.7 times higher, compared to the corresponding uncomplicated traumas. There were no gender differences in type of injury and number of visits for injuries to primary and permanent teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

An innovative way of caring: palliative radiation therapy rapid response clinic.

The Palliative Radiation Therapy Rapid Response Clinic now receives referrals from community oncologists and family physicians who regularly send palliative patients to the clinic, as well as direct calls from patients and their families. Patients who responded well to radiotherapy treatment may seek further treatment if they develop other painful metastatic sites. The team receives positive feedback from patients, particularly those who responded to treatment in a very short period of time. The number of patients receiving palliative radiation is substantial and T-SRCC hopes to continue this service and possibly increase the number of patients seen in the clinic in the future. Due to the success of the T-SRCC's rapid response clinic, other centres are now planning to start similar services. The concept of the rapid response clinic was also introduced by Dr. David Hoegler to the cancer centre in Kelowna, British Columbia. Now located in Kelowna, Dr. Hoegler started treating patients palliatively in that location in April 1998. The gap in cancer care has been filled. Patients with advanced cancer, together with their families, are being served in a prompt and convenient manner. Pain relief is just a phone call away.

Empathy↗
PubMed1997

A phylogenetic analysis of cattle DRB3 alleles with a deletion of codon 65.

One of the most common cattle major histocompatibility complex DRB3 alleles, *0201, includes a deletion of codon 65 encoding one residue in the alpha-helical chain. The mutation is functionally interesting and is likely to influence peptide binding. Exon 2 of two additional del65 alleles, *3301 and *4101, have now been sequenced with the aim to investigate the evolutionary relationship of this allelic group. Despite a fairly large genetic distance between the three alleles (11-17 nucleotide substitutions causing 8-11 amino acid substitutions) we found clear indications of a common ancestry. The alpha-helical region was very similar or identical among the alleles whereas the beta-strand region was quite divergent. The results indicated that interallelic recombination has contributed to the diversification of the del65 group. Deletion of codon 65 has also been found in a roe deer DRB1 allele and a cattle DQB3 allele. Sequence comparisons of the cattle and roe deer DRB del65 alleles refuted the possibility of a trans-species persistence of a del65 allelic lineage but the two species may share a short ancestral sequence motif including del65. In addition to del65, the cattle DQB3 allele did not show any striking sequence similarities to the DRB alleles.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

Expansion of the pig comparative map by expressed sequence tags (EST) mapping.

We have used a PCR-based approach for the genetical and physical mapping of 34 transcripts isolated from a porcine small intestine cDNA library. All but one gene were regionally localized by using a somatic pig-rodent cell hybrid panel, and 12 genes were mapped by linkage analysis of single-stranded conformational polymorphisms developed in 3' untranslated regions of transcripts. For 20 of the transcripts, the human homolog has already been mapped. This study thus represents a significant contribution to the pig comparative map. Some important findings were that we could clarify the extent of a previously identified inversion event in a region of conserved synteny between SSC6q and HSA1p, that SSC14q does contain a region homologous to HSA1, a situation not clear from earlier ZOO-FISH studies, and that the homology between SSC17 and HSA20 includes the p-arm of HSA20.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Assessment of hormone refractory prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To define guidelines for the assessment of treatment in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). METHODS: In the light of modern research, and taking new treatment options into account, the Committee essays to specify different categories of patients entering clinical trials, and to define response criteria and those endpoints that are relevant in phase III studies and in short-term follow-up. RESULTS: HRPC comprises a range of disease states with varying responsiveness to therapy and length of survival. Patients with progression as evaluated by increasing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values alone have a more favorable prognosis than those presenting with increasing tumor spread. In the assessment of these patients, the modes of previous therapy and the kind of tumor progression must be taken into account. The benefit of treatment of HRPC is often modest. While duration of survival remains the main and ultimate endpoint, the means of measuring short-term responsiveness to therapy are limited. A minority of patients have measurable tumor lesions. Decrease of PSA or other biochemical tumor markers may indicate depression of the tumor activity, but is not always associated with prolongation of survival. A variety of new treatments in HRPC are being investigated. They affect measurable tumor parameters in different ways. CONCLUSIONS: When a new agent is to be tested, it is important to measure all possible parameters before deciding which particular ones are appropriate for future investigations of this agent. In symptomatic patients, evaluation of subjective parameters, for example, relief of pain or improvement of performance status, is often the most reliable measure of treatment effect. However, these parameters should be clearly defined.

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal↗
PubMed1997

Determination of tolterodine and the 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite in plasma, serum and urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

A specific and sensitive capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for the determination of tolterodine and the 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite (Labcode DD 01) in plasma, serum and urine is described. Extraction of the analytes was performed with liquid/liquid or solid-phase extraction prior to derivatisation with a silyl reagent. The derivatives were quantified by selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry using deuterium-labelled internal standards. A single level calibration curve was utilised for quantification of plasma, serum and urine concentrations of tolterodine and DD 01. The accuracy (inter- and intra-day) for both analytes was within 87-110% in the range 0.5 and 50 ng ml-1 and precision was better than 90%. Overall, this method was shown to be reliable for pharmacokinetic assays of tolterodine and the metabolite DD 01 in samples from preclinical and clinical studies.

Benzhydryl Compounds↗
PubMed1997

A comparative empirical study of autonomy in nursing homes in Sweden and Florida, USA.

This study seeks to comparatively examine how autonomy is evaluated by a sample of nursing staff in both Sweden and Florida, USA. In both cultures support for patient autonomy was generally greater from an individual point of view than from the anticipated institutional perspective. Comparisons between the cultures revealed that individual staff members in the Swedish nursing homes generally gave higher priority to patient preference than did their American counterparts. On the other hand, support for patient preference was generally greater in the American nursing homes in regard to institutionally anticipated decision. There were statistically significant mean value differences between Swedish nursing staff's personal opinion and anticipated institutional decisions in five of six case studies. Nursing staff's personal opinion showed a stronger support for patient's preferences. There was a statistically significant mean value difference between American nursing staffs' personal opinion and anticipated institutional decisions in only one of the six case studies. In spite of cultural differences the reported results to some degree reflect a common value-system regarding both the anticipated institutional perspective and nursing staffs' personal opinion.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Quality of nursing home care assessed by competent nursing home patients.

Interviews were conducted with 60 chronically ill but cognitively competent nursing home patients with a mean age of 80 years, living in 13 nursing homes in the county of Stockholm, Sweden. Quality of nursing home care was assessed through discrepancy between individual priorities (i.e. degree of perceived personal autonomy) and institutional possibility. The results show that there was a high degree of satisfaction with quality of care with regard to meal and shower routines, as well as with the possibilities to watch television, listen to the radio and feel secure. Social relations, on the other hand, was a subject which exposed large discrepancies. Most respondents believed in the importance of social relations whereas results point to a lack of intimacy in the daily living.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Staff attitudes to oral health care. A comparative study of registered nurses, nursing assistants and home care aides.

This study compares differences in attitude, of oral health care of nursing personnel working with dependent elderly and severely disabled patients. A questionnaire was administered to 398 personnel covering (1) personal oral health care habits, (2) experiences and attitudes in assisting oral care and (3) willingness to assist patients/residents with their daily oral hygiene. Three hundred and sixty-four persons answered the questionnaire, including 70 registered nurses, 148 nursing assistants and 146 home care aides. The study revealed that oral care assistance is viewed as more disagreeable than other nursing activities. Although registered nurses were found to have more positive attitudes toward oral care assistance than the other nursing groups, they were seldom involved in the daily practice of oral hygiene care. The results indicate a gap between knowledge and practice in nursing personnel's attitudes toward oral health care of dependent elderly and severely disabled patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Differences in bronchodilating potency of salbutamol in Turbuhaler as compared with a pressurized metered-dose inhaler formulation in patients with reversible airway obstruction.

Two studies are presented, with the aim of establishing the dose potency ratio for salbutamol given via Turbuhaler and via a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI). Both studies were of a double-blind, randomized design. Outpatients with mild-to-moderate chronic reversible airway obstruction were given single doses of salbutamol administered via Turbuhaler and via pMDI. Efficacy and safety variables were measured before and during 6 h after each dose. The first study was a four-way crossover study including 12 patients. The salbutamol doses given were: 50, 100 and 2x100 microg via Turbuhaler and 2x100 microg via pMDI (Ventolin). The study showed that 2x100 microg of salbutamol inhaled via Turbuhaler is more potent than 2x100 microg salbutamol inhaled via a pMDI, and that 100 microg salbutamol via Turbuhaler is at least as potent as 2x100 microg salbutamol inhaled via a pMDI. The second study including 50 patients was a placebo-controlled five-way crossover, study. Two doses of salbutamol via Turbuhaler, 50 and 2x100 microg, and via pMDI, 100 and 2x200 microg, were given. There was a dose-dependent response in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) for both inhalers. Adjusted for differences in baseline FEV1 values, the estimated relative dose potency for Turbuhaler versus pMDI was 1.98:1 (95% confidence interval 12-3.2). These studies showed that the same bronchodilating effect can be achieved when half the dose of salbutamol given via a conventional pressurized metered-dose inhaler is given via Turbuhaler.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1997

Traumatic oral vs non-oral injuries.

This study comprised patients who sought consultation or treatment from a physician or dentist for injury caused by accident in a Swedish county (Västmanland 256510 inhabitants) during a period of one year. A total of 23690 (adjusted for non-responders) individuals were injured during the study period. Five per cent included oral injuries, 95% non-oral injuries, and 0.4% consisted of both oral and non-oral injuries. In total, oral injuries were the sixth most common part of the body that was injured. The incidence of oral injuries was 4.2/1000 inhabitants/year and of non-oral injuries 87.8/1000/year. Because practically all oral injuries were observed in individuals under the age of 30, the comparison between oral and non-oral injuries was made for the age interval 0-30 years. The highest risk of sustaining oral injuries was in the ages 0-12 years, where the annual incidence was 18/1000, making oral injuries the third most common form of injury. The study reveals substantial differences between oral and non-oral injuries with regard to age-groups, site of injury, and injury mechanism. Falls were the most common cause of oral injuries among those 0-6 years of age, whereas push and hit were the primary causes of oral injuries in the ages 16-30 years. Non-oral injuries were caused most frequently by falls in all age groups. Alcohol and violence were more likely related to oral than non-oral injuries for persons in the age interval 16-30 years. The number of oral injuries was higher during weekends and in the late evenings than at other times, whereas most non-oral injuries occurred during day-time hours, and were spread evenly throughout the week. The high incidence and special characteristics of oral injuries stress the importance of including oral injuries to achieve a high validity in body injury surveillance systems. Furthermore, the results indicate that epidemiological data are unique for oral injuries which should be taken into consideration when planning for prevention and organization of emergency resources.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1997

Laparoscopy aided gastrostomy in children.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this report is to describe a method for laparoscopy aided button gastrostomy in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The method includes the use of two ports, one umbilical and one subcostal on the left side. The stomach is exteriorized using a grasping forceps in the subcostal port. Under direct vision the gastrostomy button, MIC-KEY, is inserted into the stomach at the lesser curvature and secured by purse string sutures. The stomach is attached to the anterior abdominal wall. RESULTS: The results show that this method has been successfully used in 33 children without operative complications. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that by inserting the gastrostomy button under direct vision, damage to other abdominal organs is avoided and a correct placement at the lesser curvature obtained. The combination of laparoscopic and open procedures makes the method easy and safe.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Pet birds and risk of lung cancer in Sweden: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between keeping birds and the risk of lung cancer in Sweden. DESIGN: Case control study based on cases of lung cancer and community controls. Interviews were performed by two nurses specially trained for this project. SETTING: Three major referral hospitals located in southwest Sweden. SUBJECTS: All patients aged 75 and under with newly diagnosed lung cancer and of Scandinavian birth who lived in one of 26 municipalities in Gothenburg and Bohus county or Alvsborg county. Potential control subjects matched on county of residence, sex, and closest date of birth were selected from population registries. In the context of a larger case-control study, information on pet birds was obtained from 380 patients with lung cancer (252 men) and 696 controls (433 men). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratios for lung cancer in relation to whether or not pet birds were kept and the duration of keeping pet birds. RESULTS: The adjusted odds ratio for ever versus never exposed to pet birds at home was 0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.64 to 1.39) for men and 1.10 (0.64 to 1.90) for women. There was no evidence of a trend for increased risk of lung cancer with duration of bird ownership. CONCLUSION: Bird keeping does not seem to confer any excess risk of lung cancer to Swedish men or women.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A new method for measuring lymphoproliferation at the single-cell level in whole blood cultures by flow cytometry.

A simple and reproducible method is described for the measurement of proliferative responses to mitogens and antigens. Whole blood (WB) cultures are used and separation procedures are not necessary. Proliferative responses are monitored as development of lymphoblasts determined by flow cytometry (FC). Lymphocytes and lymphoblasts were shown to be exclusively selectable from mixed cell populations of WB by their light scatter profile on FC analysis. More than 90% of the lymphoblasts identified by FC were replicating DNA as determined by incorporation of the thymidine analogue 2-bromo-5-deoxyuridine. The WB/FC technique can be combined with triple immunofluorescence which was illustrated by determining subsets of lymphoblasts developing following stimulation with various mitogens and antigens. The new method was compared with the conventional method (peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture and proliferation measured by detection of DNA synthesis). The reproducibility of the methods were not different. The antigen-induced responses recorded by both methods correlated, but with significantly higher stimulation indices obtained by WB/FC. The latter procedure was also technically easier to perform and less time-consuming.

Cell Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1996

Pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 but not classical pancreatic lipase hydrolyzes galactolipids.

The pancreatic lipase family contains three subfamilies, the 'classical' lipases and the pancreatic lipase-related proteins 1 (PLRP1) and 2 (PLRP2). Galactolipids are present in membranes of leaves and vegetables and consist of digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGalDG) monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGalDG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG). These lipids were incubated with PLRP2 from guinea-pig (GPLRP2) and rat (RPLRP2). In the presence of bile salts DGalDG was efficiently hydrolyzed by GPLRP2 and, although less efficiently, by RPLRP2 to digalactosylmonoacylglycerol (DGalMG), free fatty acids and water-soluble galactose-containing compounds. Also, MGalDG and SQDG were hydrolyzed by GPLRP2 and RPLRP2. These data suggest a possible role of PLRP2 in the digestion of dietary galactolipids.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Monomeric human red cell glucose transporter (Glut1) in non-ionic detergent solution and a semi-elliptical torus model for detergent binding to membrane proteins.

The self-association state of the human red cell glucose transporter (Glut1) in octaethylene glycol n-dodecyl ether (C12E8) and n-octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (OG) solution was analyzed in the presence of reductant by gel filtration with light-scattering, refractivity and absorbance detection, and by ultracentrifugation. The C12E8-Glut1 complex was essentially monomeric, whereas OG-Glut1 also formed dimers and larger oligomers. C12E8-Glut1 retained substantial glucose transport activity even after depletion of endogenous lipids by gel filtration, as shown by reconstitution and transport measurements. Removal of endogenous lipids from OG-Glut1 abolished the activity unless phosphatidylcholine was included in the eluent. The binding of C12E8 and OG to Glut1 was determined by gel filtration with refractivity and absorbance detection or with radioactive tracer to be 1.86 +/- 0.07 and 1.84 +/- 0.09 g/g polypeptide, respectively. A structural model was proposed in which non-ionic detergent forms a semi-elliptical torus (SET) surrounding the transmembrane protein. The torus thickness was assumed to be equal to the radius (short half-axis) of a spherical (oblate ellipsoidal) free detergent micelle and the polar head groups of the detergent molecules were predicted to be situated just outside the hydrophobic surface of the protein. The experimental detergent binding values and those obtained from the SET model together confirmed that Glut1 was monomeric in C12E8 solution and provided constraints on the shape and size of the hydrophobic transmembrane region of Glut1 in alpha-helical and beta-barrel topology models.

Biological Transport↗