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L Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to L Anderson.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of selected mRNA and protein abundances in human liver.

In order to obtain an estimate of the overall level of correlation between mRNA and protein abundances for a well-characterized pharmaceutically relevant biological system, we have analyzed human liver by quantitative two-dimensional electrophoresis (for protein abundances) and by Transcript Image methodology (for mRNA abundances). Incyte's LifeSeq database was searched for expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences corresponding to a series of 23 proteins identified on 2-D maps in the Large Scale Biology (LSB) Molecular Anatomy database, resulting in estimated abundances for 19 messages (4 were undetected) among 7926 liver clones sequenced. A correlation coefficient of 0.48 was obtained between the mRNA and protein abundances determined by the two approaches, suggesting that post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression is a frequent phenomenon in higher organisms. A comparison with published data (Kawamoto, S., et al., Gene 1996, 174, 151-158) on the abundances of liver mRNAs for plasma proteins (secreted by the liver) suggests that higher abundance messages are strongly enriched in secreted sequences. Our data confirms this: of the 50 most abundant liver mRNAs, 29 coded for secreted proteins, while none of the 50 most abundant proteins appeared to be secreted products (although four plasma and red blood cell proteins were present in this group as contaminants from tissue blood).

DNA, Complementary↗
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Miracles do happen.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Female↗
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Time trends analysis of hearing loss: an alternative approach to evaluating hearing loss prevention programs.

Two general approaches for evaluating the performance of hearing loss prevention programs (HLPPs) are described in the literature: (1) a comparison of the rate of hearing loss in an HLPP with a reference population and (2) a comparison of audiometric variability or annual incidence of hearing loss with an established set of criteria that rank HLPP performance on a graded scale. This article discusses a third method, time trends analysis, which assesses patterns in hearing loss over time. Patterns may reflect program improvement (decreased hearing loss incidence over time), deterioration (a pattern of increased incidence), or stasis (unchanged incidence). To demonstrate this method, a time trends analysis was conducted on a population of 44,547 industrial workers. Subjects were divided into 11 subgroups based on year of enrollment in the HLPP (1980-1990) and followed retrospectively for 3 years to determine the incidence of hearing loss. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for each subgroup by gender using the Cox Proportional Hazards model and adjusting for age, race, and hearing threshold at enrollment in the HLPP. For women, plots of adjusted HRs against enrollment years produced a statistically significant (p < 0.05) quadratic trend of an initial increase in hearing loss, followed by decreasing incidence over time. For men, there was a statistically significant linear trend of decreasing hearing loss over time. The downward trend, particularly during the late 1980s, indicates improved HLPP performance during the latter portion of the decade. Time trends analysis can be a valuable tool for assessing HLPP performance for those with access to follow-up data and ability to work with statistical models.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A convergent approach to the synthesis of lipid A.

To accomplish the synthesis of compounds having the essential structural features of bacterial lipid A, one must assemble a glucosamine disaccharide bearing five to seven substituents (fatty acyl groups, phosphate ester groups) at specific positions. In the convergent synthesis described, a protected glycoside prepared from D-glucosamine hydrochloride serves as the common intermediate from which both halves of the lipid A structure are fashioned. The glycoside is then converted, by separate series of reactions, into precursors of the reducing half and the nonreducing half of the molecule. The coupling of these precursors yields a product that is readily processed into analogues of lipid A.

Lipid A↗
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Return to school as an outcome measure after a burn injury.

Outcome measures have become an important tool to assist with monitoring the efficacy of burn care. One such measurement for children is the time required for them to return to school, as well as their behavior and academic performance in school after a burn injury. The purpose of this study was to relate demographic data with return-to-school time and school performance. Through medical record review and interviews with patients, parents, and school teachers, information was obtained regarding the patient's burn injury, as well as home and school status before and after the burn injury. School information before the burn injury was obtained after patient admission. Schools were contacted 6 months after hospital discharge for data after the burn injury. Thirty-four patients aged 6 to 16 years had their outcomes evaluated from September 1993 to June 1995. Average total body surface area burned was 25.9%; the mean area of full-thickness burn was 17.5%. Length of stay averaged 30.8 days. Sixty-five percent of patients were discharged with splints, and all were discharged with a pressure program. Children returned to school an average of 7.4 days after discharge, and the average number of missed school days was 22. Thirty-four percent of the children had a school reentry visit, and either a phone call, written material, or both were provided in lieu of a visit to the other schools. For this population, burn injury did not appear to impact outcome negatively as it related to a child's return or function in school. These children returned to school rather rapidly after discharge and functioned as well or better after injury. Little loss of grade was noted, and only those children with problems in school before the burn injury had problems after the burn injury. Contact with the child's school before reentry might have assisted with the smooth transition.

Adolescent↗
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Educational approaches to management of low back pain.

With the high incidence of low back pain in adults, especially in the work place, industrial and health care professionals must work together to reduce the physical, emotional, and monetary cost of back pain. Conservative management can be effective when it includes therapy and patient education. This article discusses back schools and work hardening programs, two methods used to return employees to productive levels.

Adult↗
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Genetic discoveries: challenges for nurses who care for children and their families.

Genetic discoveries emerging from the HGP are revolutionizing health care. With the potential to promote health and minimize disease through these discoveries, pediatric nurses will need to incorporate the health, ethical, and social aspects of this knowledge into their care of children and families. Genetic advancements are creating new challenges not only for nursing practice, but also for educational curricula. While genetic information and technology bring great potential for new ways to detect and manage a wide range of pediatric health problems, nurses must ensure that this information is managed in ways that will maximize benefit and minimize potential harm to children and their families. Educational preparation is critical to the application of genetic information and testing in health care of all clients. Pediatric nurses with adequate educational preparation in genetics now have an exciting opportunity to develop new skills and roles and make a significant contribution to genetic services and the advancement of nursing knowledge of children.

Adult↗
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Physiological effects of bulimia nervosa on the gastrointestinal tract.

Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by frequent bouts of binge eating accompanied by compensatory behaviour for preventing weight gain (purging). It is estimated that 3% to 5% of young women are affected by bulimia nervosa, and its prevalence is increasing. Bulimia nervosa afflicts both sexes and all races. It can lead to serious medical complications. The expression of the disease in the gastrointestinal tract may have a critical role in the diagnosis of bulimia nervosa. Physiological effects of bulimia nervosa on the gastrointestinal tract include dental caries and enamel erosion; enlargement of the parotid gland; esophagitis; changes in gastric capacity and gastric emptying; gastric necrosis; and alterations of the intestinal mucosa. Identification of any of these factors may aid in establishing an early diagnosis, which has been shown to increase the likelihood of recovery.

Bulimia↗
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Painful medicine: managed care and the fate of America's major teaching hospitals.

Healthcare spending in the United States has risen steadily throughout the post-World War II period as the American healthcare system has been transformed from cottage industry to big business. The increasing rate of social investment in healthcare also transformed America's major teaching hospitals. As a case in point, the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics saw annual operating revenues rise from $1 million in 1945 to more than $350 million in 1995, which was accompanied by an extraordinary expansion in its physical facilities and in its multifaceted operations. In the 1970s and even more so in the 1980s, however, the unceasing climb in healthcare spending fueled concern among policy experts, politicians, employers, and insurers alike. In turn, the search for effective cost controls led to the current managed care revolution. While the end of that revolution is not yet in sight, managed care has, it appears, effected significant cost savings, but at no small cost to America's major teaching hospitals and their social missions of teaching, research, and patient care. Whether those missions can survive--and, if so, in what form--in a healthcare system dominated by the managed care ethos is an increasingly important concern.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
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Use of comparison populations for evaluating the effectiveness of hearing loss prevention programs.

One approach for evaluating the effectiveness of Hearing loss prevention programs (HLPPs) is to compare the rate of hearing loss in a study population with that in a reference population. This approach was used to evaluate the HLPP of a population of 14,900 employees of an industrial company with branches across the United States. Three reference populations were selected from a database of 22 industrial companies compiled under the sponsorship of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The risk of hearing loss in the study population was estimated relative to each of the three reference populations using the Cox proportional hazards model after adjustment for race, age at baseline, and hearing threshold at time of enrollment in the HLPP. In comparison with the three reference populations, hearing loss was 2.1 to 3.9 times more likely to occur in study population males and 1.8 to 5.1 times more likely in study population females. The 95% confidence interval around each risk estimate precluded unity, indicating that each risk estimate was statistically significant. These results indicate that the performance of the subject HLPP needs improvement. This study demonstrated the use of comparison populations for evaluating the effectiveness of HLPPs.

Adult↗