Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to L Anderson.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The effect of clonidine on the cessation of cigarette smoking.

The effect of clonidine on smoking cessation was studied by randomly assigning 186 smokers in a double-blind fashion to either placebo or clonidine. Abstinence from smoking was reported more frequently by subjects receiving clonidine, but the difference was statistically significant only at the end of the first week (34.4% vs 21.5%; p less than 0.05). Bothersome side effects were common and resulted in the early discontinuation of the study medication by 23 of the subjects taking clonidine and eight taking placebo (p less than 0.05). Although this study did not demonstrate a significant effect of clonidine on smoking cessation, a beneficial trend was detected and therefore further trials with transcutaneous delivery of this agent in combination with behavior modification techniques are warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Outbreak of echovirus 11 infection in hospitalized neonates.

Between July 18 and August 5, 1986, a cluster of echovirus 11 infections occurred in hospitalized neonates. Ten infants were affected and one died. All cases occurring after the index case were infants who were in the nursery for at least 1 day when the index patient was also present. Risk factors for secondary infection included low birth weight or gestational age and receipt of antibiotics, red blood cell transfusions, nasogastric intubation or gavage feedings. Because viral infection had not been suspected in the index patient, isolation measures were not instituted until after onset of secondary cases. We conclude that more severely ill infants receiving intensive levels of care are at increased risk for nosocomial enteroviral infection. These infants may have a greater likelihood of exposure to the virus and/or increased host susceptibility. Outbreaks caused by cross-infection may be preventable by early recognition of patients colonized or infected with potentially pathogenic agents and prompt institution of appropriate isolation measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Expression of cloned sequences in biopsies of human colonic tissue and in colonic carcinoma cells induced to differentiate in vitro.

A computer-based scanning and image-processing system has been developed to quantitate the relative level of expression of each of 4000 cloned complementary DNA sequences in small biopsies routinely removed from the mucosa of normal and neoplastic human large intestine. Individuals have been studied from well-defined population groups in which colonic epithelial cells have progressed to increasingly advanced stages of neoplastic transformation. Comparison of normal colonic mucosa to colonic carcinomas demonstrated alterations in expression of approximately 7% of the cloned sequences; fewer changes were found between benign colonic adenomas and either normal colonic mucosa or carcinomas. A subset of the sequences which change in expression during progression from normal mucosa, to adenoma, to carcinoma showed complementary changes when colon carcinoma cells were induced to differentiate in vitro with sodium butyrate; quantitative correlations between in vivo and in vitro results were highly significant. Comparison of normal colonic mucosa with mucosa from patients with the autosomal dominant disease familial polyposis revealed more extensive alterations in gene expression involving approximately 25% of the clones screened. Flat colonic mucosa in familial polyposis is therefore markedly aberrant and may be highly dedifferentiated, suggesting several possible mechanisms for the very high incidence of cancer that develops in this epithelium.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

Intron/exon structure of the human gene for the muscle isozyme of glycogen phosphorylase.

The intron/exon organization of the human gene for glycogen phosphorylase has been determined. The segments of the polypeptide chain that corresponds to the 19 exons of the gene are examined for relationships between the three-dimensional structure to the protein and gene structure. Only weak correlations are observed between domains of phosphorylase and exons. The nucleotide binding domains that are found in phosphorylase and other glycolytic enzymes are examined for relationships between exons of the genes and structures of the domains. When mapped to the three-dimensional structures, the intron/exon boundaries are shown to be widely distributed in this family of protein domains.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Induction of differentiation of the human leukemia cell line, KU812.

We treated KU812 cells from different passage levels with compounds which induce differentiation of other leukemic cell lines. Early passages contained small subpopulations of basophil and erythrocyte-like cells, but later passages consisted of more uniform cells with a myelomonocytic phenotype. When cultured with 1 nM actinomycin D, the cells became nonproliferative, developed pale cytoplasm and segmented nuclei, and lost nonspecific esterase activity. Thus, KU812 cells can be induced to mature to cells with a myelomonocytic phenotype. However, their expression of previously reported basophil characteristics diminishes with continued passage, and may be a capability of only a subpopulation of the cells.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1987

Patient-controlled analgesia in the total joint arthroplasty patient.

In a prospective study of 30 total hip or knee joint arthroplasty patients, the use of the patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump was evaluated for patient acceptance and relief of pain. In 30 patients, (average age, 72.5 years) excellent analgesia was obtained with the PCA machine without the side effects of conventional intramuscular dosing. PCA was enthusiastically received by nurses, physicians, and patients, and it has become the method of choice in the author's hospital.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

The assembly of oligosaccharides from "standardized intermediates": beta-(1----3)-linked oligomers of D-galactose.

Several 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-di-O-benzyl-3-O-R-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl chlorides, designed as general precursors of beta-linked, interior D-galactopyranosyl residues in oligosaccharides, were tested in a sequential synthesis of the galactotriose beta-D-Galp-(1----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----3)-D-Gal (19). The chlorides having R = tetrahydro-2-pyranyl and tert-butyldimethylsilyl gave excellent results, whereas those having R = 3-benzoylpropionyl and chloroacetyl were unsatisfactory. An activated disaccharide block (17), having R = 2,3-di-O-benzoyl-4,6-di-O-benzyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl, was also prepared and tested as a glycosyl donor. The coupling of 17 to 1-propenyl 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-di-O-benzyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside (14), in the molar ratio 1.13:1, gave 64% of a trisaccharide derivative (18) that could be converted into 19. This latter synthesis of 19 is efficient because all three galactose units are derived from 14 or its immediate precursor.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1986

Effects of oltipraz, BHA, ADT and cabbage on glutathione metabolism, DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in old mice.

Eighteen-month-old female mice were fed defined diets for 2 weeks which contained 0.05% or 0.10% oltipraz, 0.10% anethole dithione (ADT), 0.10% butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) or 20% lyophilized cabbage. All diets resulted in significant increases in hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities were also significantly higher than the control values. All diets produced significant decreases in hepatic DNA damage (single strand breaks) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde content). In general, similar effects were produced by the two dithiolthiones, oltipraz and ADT. More pronounced effects were produced by oltipraz and ADT than by BHA or cabbage in the diet. Diets high in antioxidants may be effective in retarding free radical reaction processes associated with aging and cancer.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Crack propagation in conventional and high copper dental amalgam as a function of strain rate.

Dental amalgam prepared from high copper and conventional alloys was evaluated for its compressive strength as a function of deformation rate. Results showed that the compressive strength rose to a maximum as deformation rate increased and then began to fall at higher deformation rates. Crack propagation predominated through the gamma 1 phase and around copper containing particles at lower strain rates. Cracks also occurred through copper containing original particles where the stress at fracture was sufficiently high.

Alloys↗
PubMed1986

Decrease in adherence of bacteria and yeasts to human mucosal epithelial cells by noxythiolin in vitro.

Adherence of buccal and vaginal isolates of Candida albicans to buccal epithelial cells and the adherence of urine isolates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus to uroepithelial cells was quantified by light microscopy. The antimicrobial agent noxythiolin reduced the adherence of these micro-organisms in both exponential and stationary growth phases. Adherence of both the blastospore and pseudohyphal forms of C. albicans was reduced. Treatment of epithelial cells and/or micro-organisms with noxythiolin resulted in decreased adherence. No anti-adherence effect was observed with formaldehyde and N-methylthiourea, the degradative products of noxythiolin.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1986

Inhibition of hyphal development and kill of Candida albicans blastospores by noxythiolin in vitro.

The cidal activity of the antimicrobial agent, noxythiolin, was investigated against a laboratory strain and a fresh isolate of Candida albicans. The order of resistance to noxythiolin was hyphal form (isolate) greater than or equal to 25 degrees C-grown blastospores (isolate) greater than 37 degrees C-grown blastospores (isolate) greater than laboratory strain blastospores. Noxythiolin activity was superior to that of 'equivalent' formaldehyde concentrations. Mycelial transformation in C. albicans was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy and measured in terms of percentage germination and hyphal extension. Noxythiolin, 2.5%, in contact for 30 min prevented germination of the blastospore population whereas the decomposition products, formaldehyde and N-methylthiourea, showed no appreciable effect in the expected concentrations. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to the observed clinical efficacy of noxythiolin.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1986

Interleukin 1 stimulates fibroblasts to produce granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity and prostaglandin E2.

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (GM-CSA) can be produced by a variety of normal cell types including mononuclear phagocytes, activated T lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Recent evidence shows that a major role of the monocyte-macrophage is the recruitment of environmental cells, i.e., fibroblasts, to produce GM-CSA. In this study we have identified interleukin 1 (IL-1) as a monokine that stimulates fibroblasts to produce and release GM-CSA and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Both purified human monocyte-derived IL-1 and human recombinant IL-1 (10(-10) M) can be substituted for monocyte-conditioned medium in stimulating fibroblast GM-CSA and PGE2 production. Both forms of IL-1 stimulate fibroblasts to produce GM-CSA and PGE2 in a dose-dependent fashion. The fibroblast-stimulating activity found in monocyte-conditioned medium was completely blocked by anti-IL-1. We conclude that monocytes produce IL-1, and that monocyte-derived IL-1 induces fibroblasts to produce GM-CSA and PGE2.

Antibodies↗