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Biomedical subjects

L Albright

Publications and source records attributed to L Albright.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Rehabilitation outcomes after hip fracture in persons 90 years old and older.

Within the geriatric population, fracture of the proximal femur is a major problem that may lead to high mortality. Epidemiologists have reported that age greater than 75 is a negative factor in rehabilitation. In two studies, less than 10% of persons aged 90 and over regained ambulatory or prefracture status. This retrospective study describes the outcomes of rehabilitation of persons 90 years and older with fracture of the proximal femur. During a one-year period, 18 persons (17 women, one man), range 91 to 102 years (means 93 years), were referred from ten hospitals for rehabilitation after hip fracture. Eight physical therapists were involved at six different skilled nursing facilities covering a geographical area of 2300 square miles. The sample was determined to represent the regional population. Upon final physical therapy treatment all 16 surviving patients needed an assistive device for ambulation; 63% of the subjects attained independent ambulation; the average ambulatory distance was 133 ft; and 44% returned home. At one-year follow-up, 12/16 original patients survived, nine remaining patients were independent in ambulation, of whom five were at home. Under the prospective payment system with diagnosis-related groups, peculiar decisions are made that have an impact upon rehabilitation. Recovery of independent ambulation is an excellent index of rehabilitation outcome.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Intraoperative imaging with a therapeutic computed tomographic scanner.

A therapeutic computed tomographic (CT) scanner uniquely dedicated to surgical usage allowed intraoperative CT imaging during precise resections of glial brain tumors in three patients. Intraoperative CT scanning provided accurate tumor localization, superior contrast and spatial resolution of the lesion, and cross sectional anatomy of the entire brain. Further development of intraoperative CT guidance will allow safer or even complete removal of some previously unresectable brain tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Percutaneous choroid plexus coagulation in hydranencephaly.

Percutaneous intracranial endoscopy, performed on 3 infants with hydranencephaly and signs of intracranial hypertension, showed normal choroid plexus and choroid arteries in 2 patients. Transendoscopic coagulation of the arteries and plexus alleviated intracranial hypertension postoperatively. Minimal choroid plexus and no choroid arteries were present in the 3rd patient and coagulation did not alter the clinical course. Computerized tomography scans of the infants with normal choroid plexus demonstrated cerebral tissue in the region of the caudate nucleus; the child with minimal choroid plexus had tissue only in the region of the posterior thalamus.

Anencephaly↗
PubMed1981

Sequential CT scanning after neonatal intracerebral hemorrhage.

Sequential computed tomographic scans were obtained in 41 neonates surviving intracerebral hemorrhage and in 41 comparable neonates without hemorrhage. Hemorrhages were present in only the parenchyma in five patients in both parenchyma and ventricles in 22, and in only the ventricles in 14. No patient exhibited progression of the initial hemorrhage on subsequent scans. Parenchymal hemorrhages were followed by areas of parenchymal hypodensity in 30%. The size of the mitral parenchymal hemorrhage did not correlate with the size of the subsequent hypodense areas. Intraventricular hemorrhages were small in 36%, moderate in 28%, and extensive in 36%. Clinically significant hydrocephalus developed in 32% of the patients and did not correlate with the extent of the intraventricular hemorrhage. Periventricular hypodensity was present at some time in 95% of neonates who bled and was present in 85% of the scans at 30-60 days of age. In the neonates without intracerebral hemorrhages, periventricular hypodensity was present in 57.5%. The hypodensity is thought due to leukomalacia, which may predict subsequent neurologic sequelae better than the severity of the hemorrhage or the development of hydrocephalus.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Ganglioglioma of the entire spinal cord.

The clinical findings of an 11-year-old boy with a ganglioglioma that extended from the medulla to the conus medullaris are presented and the details of tumor removal are described.

Child↗
PubMed1977

"Failure to thrive" due to pontine glioma.

A 14-year-old boy with a five-year history of diencephalic syndrome was found to have a pontine astrocytoma. We review case reports of five similar children with diencephalic syndrome secondary to posterior fossa tumors. We also describe the clinical features, investigative procedures, and therapy of these tumors. These cases emphasize the minimal neurological findings that may be associated with brain stem gliomas and the need for consideration of these tumors in the syndromes of "failure to thrive," anorexia nervosa, and the diencephalic syndrome of infancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Intracerebral delayed hypersensitivity reactions in glioblastoma multiforme patients.

Patients with malignant gliomas who had undergone BCG inoculation were injected intratumorally with PPD to induce an intratumoral delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Histopathological examination of the tumor before and after PPD injections revealed that chronic inflammatory responses were increased after injection in four of the five patients. In no case, however, was the response more than moderate, and in no case did the inflammatory response encompass the tumor at its peripheral margins. Intracerebral delayed hypersensitivity reactions were evoked in humans with acceptable morbidity. The mild reactions evoked did not cause detectable tumor regression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Management of hydrocephalus secondary to posterior fossa tumors.

The records of children with hydrocephalus secondary to posterior fossa tumors were reviewed and the methods of treatment compared with their subsequent clinical course. Of 86 patients evaluated, 47 had no treatment for hydrocephalus prior to tumor removal., 12 had external ventricular drainage, and 27 had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts before suboccipital craniectomy. Children with CSF shunts before tumor removal had significantly better postoperative conditions than the children without shunts (p less than 0.01). Operative mortality of children without treatment of hydrocephalus before tumor surgery was 12.8%; it was 3.7% in the children with preexisting shunts. Treatment of hydrocephalus with a CSF shunt prior to suboccipital craniectomy was a safe procedure that significantly lowered the morbidity and mortality of subsequent tumor removal

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

Therapy in an intracerebral murine glioma model, using Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, neuraminidase-treated tumor cells, and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea.

The s.c.-propagated murine glioma, GL-26, was established in tissue culture. The tissue culture line, with a doubling time of 36 hr, was used as the common source for all tumor cells. Suspensions of the tumor cells were transplanted intracerebrally in mice to produce an anaplastic ependymoblastoma. In vitro 51-Cr cytotoxicity assays did not detect any cellular immunity against GL-26 tumor cells in animals bearing either s.c. or i.c. tumors, indicating that the tumor itself is not highly immunogenic. Howeveer,significant cellular cytotoxicity was elicited in non-tumor-bearing animals by immunization with Vibrio cholerae neuramini-animals by immunization with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase and mitomycin C-treated tumor cells plus complete Freund's adjuvant. In vivo therapy studies revealed significant increases in survival of animals preimmunized with V. cholerae neuraminidase- and mitomycin C-treated cells plus complete Freund's adjuvant. 1(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea, when given i.p. on Day 3 or 12 after tumor challenge, also resulted in significant increases in survival. Furthermore, the effects of 1-(2-chloroethyl)- 3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea and preimmunization were additive, with significanchloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea. In contrast to results reported for several extracranial tumor systems, immunotherapy, using either V.cholerae neuraminidase- and mitomycin-treated tumor cells, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, or both, beginning 3 0r 4 days after tumor challenge, did not produce any significant increases in survival.

Animals↗