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Biomedical subjects

L A Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to L A Wilson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Hemagglutination (fimbriae) and hydrophobicity in adherence of Serratia marcescens to urinary tract epithelium and contact lenses.

The capacity of 59 isolates of Serratia marcescens, obtained from urinary tract infections, wounds, and contact lenses or their paraphernalia, to agglutinate erythrocytes from different animal species was tested. Three main patterns were found: mannose-sensitive agglutination of guinea-pig, fowl or horse erythrocyte; mannose-resistant agglutination of chicken or pigeon erythrocytes alone or in combination with mannose-sensitive agglutination; and no agglutination. Hemagglutination capacity was associated with isolates from urinary tract infection, but not with isolates associated with contact lenses. Adherence to human urinary tract epithelium did not correlate with the hemagglutination patterns nor with the origin of the isolates. Some strains of different hemagglutination pattern were selected for the study of hydrophobicity and adherence to contact lens polymers. Hydrophobicity, as determined by degree of partition in hexadecane and water (BATH-values), correlated neither with degree of adherence to contact lens polymers nor with the hemagglutination pattern. For a representative strain there was an excellent correlation (r2 = 0.98) between adherence and the water content (hydrophobicity) of the lens polymers. These results suggest that, as with tissues, other factors interact with hydrophobicity in causing adherence to plastics.

Alkanes↗
PubMed1992

Experimental regeneration in canine muscular dystrophy--1. Immunocytochemical evaluation of dystrophin and beta-spectrin expression.

The expression of dystrophin and beta-spectrin was examined from 1 to 56 days in regenerating muscle fibres in normal and dystrophic dogs, following necrosis induced by the venom of Notechis scutatis. Normal and dystrophic dog muscle regenerated at an equal rate and new myotubes were present in both at the periphery of necrotic fibres by 3 days. In normal dogs dystrophin was detected in the sarcoplasm of the regenerating fibres by 3 days and was localized to the plasma membrane by 4 days. The localization of dystrophin is independent of beta-spectrin and was detected before beta-spectrin, which was not observed until 5-6 days. Normal peripheral labelling of both was restored by 14 days in normal dogs. Normal beta-spectrin labelling of regenerating dystrophic fibres was also restored by 14 days and is not dependent on the presence of dystrophin in dystrophic dogs. A proportion of regenerating fibres in normal and dystrophic dogs showed weak immunolabelling of beta-spectrin prior to 14 days. This is a feature of immature muscle fibres. Antibodies to different domains of dystrophin bound to the periphery and sarcoplasm of regenerating fibres in dystrophic dogs, particularly during the first 7 days of regeneration, but the fluorescence was less intense than in normal dogs. Weak labelling with antibodies corresponding to the C-terminus of the rod domain of dystrophin persisted on dystrophic regenerating fibres up to 21 days. This may relate to developmental isoforms of dystrophin.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Retrograde cerebral embolism.

Cerebral embolism may complicate lesions of the subclavian arteries or aortic isthmus distal to the origins of the vertebral or carotid arteries. This may be due to retrograde propagation of occlusive thrombus. In other cases the vessels are patent but there are periods of reverse blood flow, creating a potential for reflux of embolic material to the ostia of the neck vessels.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Unblocking beds.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Geriatrics↗
PubMed1979

Cardiovascular disease in patients with retinal arterial occlusion.

103 patients with retinal-artery occlusion causing permanent visual-field defect were examined clinically and angiographically to assess the extent of cardiovascular disease. The 68 patients with branch-artery occlusion had a higher prevalence of previous transient episodes, ischaemic and valvular heart-disease, and more often had an operable lesion in the carotid artery than had the 35 patients with central-artery occlusion who were more often hypertensive, had fewer warning attacks, a greater prevalence of complete carotid occlusion, and fewer operable carotid lesions. The two types of retinal vascular occlusion show aetiological differences; branch occlusion is more often embolic and should be fully investigated for carotid and cardiac disease. These measures are less often of practical importance in patients with central-artery occlusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The domiciliary assessment visit in hospital geriatric practice: pressures and dicisions on needs for admission.

In a sample of 230 cases, requests for admission to a hospital geriatric unit were assessed, in the patients' homes, by a physician and his associate. The physician recorded his opinion of the strength of 14 factors influencing his decisions and also of total admission pressure. Each case was affected by an average of five different factors. Medical factors were most commonly noted: chronic physical illness in 94% of patients, chronic mental illness in 70%; but acute physical illness in only 34%. Difficult nursing was recorded in 76% of cases: other social factors were noted less frequently and related mainly to problems of support. The analysis suggested the importance of the chronic physical illness, difficult nursing, an short-term advantage factors in their contribution to a decision on the need for admission. The chronic mental factor appeared to affect the decision independently of the other factors. It was considered that half the patients were very strongly in need of admission; but a third gave no, or weak, admission pressure, were too ill to be moved, or refused to leave home.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Anaerobic flora of the normal human conjunctival sac.

Specimens from the conjunctival sacs of 92 healthy eyes were cultured on two separate occasions to determine the presence or absence of a persistent anaerobic flora. Aerobic bacteria and fungi were also studied for comparison. Of the 184 eye cultures, 112 (60.9%) contained at least one microorganism. Obligate anaerobes were recovered from 51.6% (95/184) of the cultures. Propionibacterium acnes, the predominant anaerobe encountered, was present in 49.5% (91/184) of the eyes. Aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria, present in 32.6% of the total eye cultures, were less common than obligate anaerobes. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common of these. Fungi were rarely found. Our findings suggest that the conjunctival sac is either sterile or normally contains small numbers of anaerobic, aerobic, or facultatively anaerobic bacteria. As other workers have suggested, the origin of the bacteria in the eyes may be the skin of the eyelids.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Xenoantibody directed against molecular components of the HLA system. Quantitation of antibody to serologically defined HLA complexes on the cell surface.

A quantitative absorption-blocking assay was used to measure the levels of antibody in immune rabbit sera that react with the serologically defined HLA molecular complex on the cell surface. Quantitation was determined by comparing the number of xenoantibody-treated cells with the number of untreated control cells needed to absorb a defined amount of cytolytic alloantibody. Complement-dependent cytolytic titers were used to standardize the total antibody content reactive with cell surface antigens of xenoantisera used to treat absorbing cells. The ability of xenoantibody to "block" or inhibit the reaction of alloantibody with the absorbing cell was observed to be the result of concomitant removal of both xeno- and alloantigenic determinants from the cell surface. Immunofluorescence data with xenoantibody suggested that removal was accomplished by temperature-dependent selective redistribution and endocytosis of the serologically defined HLA molecule complex. By using these procedures, xenoantisera have been characterized that contain different amounts of antibody to the two-component HLA complex relative to their total cytolytic antibody content. Variation ranges from a xenoantiserum with little or no blocking capacity to several highly effective serologically defined HLA blocking xenoantisera.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Complement-mediated cytolysis of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infected cells: plasma membrane antigens reactive with type-specific and cross-reactive antibody.

Surface antigens of BHK-21 cells infected with HSV-1 or HSV-2 were radioiodinated (125I) with lactoperoxidase, immune precipitated and analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Experiments using antiserum to HSV-1 or HSV-2, absorbed with appropriate hemotypic or heterotypic antigens, revealed that both type-specific (homotypic) and cross-reactive antibody combined with surface glycoproteins to form a single large radioactive peak. This peak, which constituted the major glycoprotein region (region a) observed in electropherograms, represented a range in mol. wt. from 115000 to 130000. Sensitization of cells to complement lysis, neutralization of infectious virus and immune precipitation of surface glycoproteins (region a) were found to be generally correlated properties of all the antibody preparations analysed, including antibody prepared specifically against region a antigens. These findings suggest a major immunological role for the surface glycoproteins migrating in PAGE region a.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Amaurosis fugax and carotid artery disease: indications for angiography.

A prospective study of 80 patients presenting with amaurosis fugax was performed in an attempt to relate clinical features to angiographic findings in the internal carotid artery. Carotid bruit, transient cerebral ischaemic attacks, hypertension, and claudication were associated with a high prevalence of angiographic abnormality. Every patient who showed all these features had an operable lesion, as did 88% of those who had three features. In patients over 50 years of age carotid stenosis and atheromatous ulceration were occasionally found in the absence of bruit and transient cerebral ischaemia, but only one patient aged under 50 had an operable lesion and no associated features. Clinical features were therefore valuable in predicting the outcome of angiography, but it seems prudent to restrict angiography to patients aged over 50, who are most likely to benefit from surgery on the carotid artery.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Visual complications of mitral leaflet prolapse.

Four young women and six older men with mitral leaflet prolapse presented with visual disturbances consistent with embolism in the ophthalmic or posterior cerebral circulation. Cardiac arrhythmias were common, but these are rarely associated with focal ischaemia. The evidence that mitral leaflet prolapse caused the embolism in these patients is suggestive but not conclusive. Further studies are needed. All patients with acute cerebral or ocular ischaemia should undergo through cardiovascular assessment, which should include routine echocardiography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Pseudomonas-induced corneal ulcers associated with contaminated eye mascaras.

Seven Pseudomonas-induced corneal ulcers were associated with the use of four brands of mascara contaminated with P. aeruginosa. In laboratory studies, preservative systems of three of the four brands were inadequate in comparison with a control mascara of known antimicrobial activity. If the corneal epithelium is scratched during the application of mascara, particularly if the applicator is old, the cornea should be treated immediately and the mascara cultured to detect Pseudomonas. The high incidence of recurrent corneal ulceration in cases of Pseudomonas-induced keratitis indicates that initial chemotherapy should be intensive and maintained until the lesion stabilizes.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Corneal contact times of ophthalmic vehicles. Evaluation by microscintigraphy.

Lacrimal microscintigraphy, in conjunction with a recently developed computer system, was used to evaluate the corneal contact time of three ophthalmic vehicles in 18 humans. The percentage of a radioactively labeled vehicle remaining over the cornea after 90 seconds was 2.9% plus and minus 2.2% for saline, 4.3% plus and minus 2.4% for polyvinyl alcohol, and 8.8% plus and minus 4.1% for hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.

Adult↗