This study was the first empirical investigation of body image dissatisfaction in male cosmetic surgery patients. Thirty men completed two body image measures prior to their initial consultation. Results were compared to the norms for each of the measures and with a sample of 30 women seeking similar cosmetic procedures. Results indicated that patients did not demonstrate greater dissatisfaction with their overall appearance than men in a normative sample. However, when asked about the bodily feature they were considering for surgery, they reported significantly greater levels of dissatisfaction than the normative sample. As compared to male patients, female patients reported a greater investment in their physical appearance. Implications of these findings are discussed with respect to the nature of body image dissatisfaction and the relevance of body image in the psychology of male plastic surgery patients.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Facial malformations and spinal anomalies. A predictable relationship.

Facial malformations have generally been associated with spinal anomalies, but this report reviews patients with specific facial abnormalities and attempts to document accompanying spinal anomalies. The results indicate that the most common types of facial malformations vary predictably in their influence on spinal or other musculoskeletal abnormalities. Apert and Goldenhaar syndromes are associated with significant spinal anomalies.

Acrocephalosyndactylia↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cost efficacy of routine screening for diabetes in pregnancy: 1-h versus 2-h specimen.

Undetected gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with a two- to fivefold increase in perinatal morbidity and mortality. Widespread screening of the obstetric population (resulting in identification and treatment) should reduce these rates. Seven hundred ninety-eight women were examined during a 13-mo period of universal glucose challenge testing (GCT). A total of 2.8% of the population had an abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Thirty percent of those with an abnormal OGTT were less than 25 yr old. The specificity of a 1-h GCT (50-g carbohydrate load) using a threshold of either 140 or 150 mg/dl was compared with that of a 2-h specimen using a threshold of 118 mg/dl to determine whether the cost of screening could be reduced. One- and 2-h specimens were obtained in 347 of these women. A 34% reduction in the number of follow-up OGTTs required would have been achieved if a 2-h specimen had been used as the index instead of a 1-h specimen (P less than .05). As a result, the (direct and indirect) cost per patient identified with GDM would have declined 23.5%--from $866 to $662. No comment concerning the actual false-negative rate of either the 1- or 2-h GCT can be made because only select women underwent an OGTT. To assess the validity of the 2-h threshold, an OGTT was performed in an additional 190 women if either the 1- or 2-h screen was abnormal. The results were confirmatory: the 2-h screen would have reduced the cost per case identified by 32% in this small group. Screening on the basis of past medical history clearly lacked sensitivity and cost efficacy in comparison with the GCT and should be abandoned as a practice.

Adolescent↗