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Biomedical subjects

L A Smallman

Publications and source records attributed to L A Smallman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Mast cell numbers in the mucosa of the inferior turbinate in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis: a light microscopic study.

The number of mast cells in the inferior turbinate from patients with perennial allergy due to house dust mite were compared with ten normal controls. Ten random high powered fields were counted in the epithelium and the submucosa in samples which had been divided into two and fixed either in aqueous formalin or Carnoy's fixative. The sections from each block were stained with either Azure A or Chloroacetate esterase technique. No statistical differences were found. The lack of increase in mast cell numbers was attributed to degranulation since numbers have been shown to be increased in perennial allergy when sections are examined ultrastructurally.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1991

An animal investigation into the effects of tympanostomy on middle ear mucociliary function and cilia.

The effect of tympanostomy on guinea-pig middle ear mucosa with particular reference to mucociliary function and cilia was investigated. 13 guinea-pigs were used; 5 acted as the control group with no surgical intervention whilst the other 8 had perforations made in one tympanic membrane. 6 weeks later an attempt was made to measure mucociliary function in all the ears, but this was unsuccessful. However, it would appear that fashioning a perforation in the tympanic membrane causes no histological changes in this animal model.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Nasal mucociliary function: comparison of saccharin clearance with ciliary beat frequency.

Mucociliary clearance as measured by saccharin clearance time is in part dependent on the physiological characteristics of mucus and is partly dependent on ciliary function. This study compared the relationship between saccharin clearance time and ciliary beat frequency in 44 patients attending a rhinology clinic. Whilst saccharin clearance time may be used as a screening test for ciliary function there was no clear linear relationship between mucociliary clearance and ciliary beat frequency.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Fine needle aspiration cytology of salivary gland lesions.

Eighty-eight fine needle aspirates from 79 salivary gland lesions in 77 patients were examined. The overall diagnostic sensitivity was 84% and the specificity 98.41%. When the 14 unsatisfactory specimens were excluded the sensitivity rose to 95.45%. Correct identification of the disease process was possible in nearly 80% of cases with a final benign diagnosis. The histological tumour type was correctly predicted in 75% of the malignancies. In the others the cytological diagnosis was anaplastic malignant neoplasm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Flat condylomata of the penis presenting as patchy balanoposthitis.

Fifty patients presenting with either primary or recurrent patchy balanoposthitis which became aceto-white after the application of 5% acetic acid underwent biopsy. Microbiological screening, including Grocott staining of the biopsy material for fungal hyphae was performed. Forty nine biopsies showed marked koilocytosis suggestive of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, and of these, only three showed fungal hyphae. This study suggests that HPV may be associated with some cases of patchy balanoposthitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Cryptococcosis of the larynx.

An unusual case of cryptococcosis of the larynx is described in a non-immunocompromised patient. To our knowledge this is the second reported case in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Pathologic disorders of the salivary glands.

The pathology of benign and malignant neoplasms and other lesions of salivary glands has been discussed with special reference to their macroscopic and microscopic appearances.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Young's syndrome (a case report).

A case of Young's syndrome is described presenting with obstructive azoospermia, sinusitis, otitis media and bronchitis. It is essential to examine ciliary function and ultrastructure in order to make this diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Fine needle aspiration cytology in the management ENT of patients.

Aspirates were obtained from 142 masses in 120 patients who presented with palpable swellings in the head and neck region. 120 specimens (84.51 per cent) were adequate for diagnostic purposes and the remaining 22 (15.49 per cent) were unsatisfactory. Final diagnosis was based on resection histology in 87 cases and close clinical follow-up in 55 patients. The overall sensitivity and specificity including unsatisfactory aspirates was 81.37 per cent and 93 per cent respectively (if the technically inadequate specimens were deleted 98.81 per cent and 94.44 per cent). In comparison with the final diagnosis typing of malignant tumours was possible in 58.33 per cent. The correct diagnosis was made in 63.89 per cent of benign lesions.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1988

Why do tympanostomy tubes block?

One hundred extruded Shah tympanostomy tubes were recovered from the ears of children following surgical treatment of otitis media with effusion. They were examined both macroscopically and microscopically for the presence of luminal blockage. The lumen was blocked by eosinophilic material with a polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltrate in 56% of cases and the base of the extruded tube was covered by a cast of squames in 70% of cases. The occurrence of luminal blockage was associated with the presence of a thick middle ear effusion.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Clinicopathological study of myoepithelial sialadenitis and chronic sialadenitis (sialolithiasis).

To determine any overlap in pathological features between myoepithelial sialadenitis and chronic sialadenitis/sialolithiasis histological sections from 69 cases of myoepithelial sialadenitis (MESA) (n = 7) and chronic sialadenitis/sialolithiasis (n = 62) were reviewed over a 10 year period. Three of the cases with MESA contained calculi and four of those originally diagnosed as chronic sialadenitis/sialolithiasis showed epimyoepithelial island formation. The presence of calculi should not rule out a diagnosis of MESA, particularly in the parotid gland where calculi are uncommon; as the incidence of MESA may very well be underestimated and diagnosed as chronic sialadenitis, these patients, who are at increased risk of developing lymphoma, could be lost to follow up.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

An ultrastructural study of the mucosal surface of the human inferior concha. I. Normal appearances.

A study is presented of normal human nasal mucosa. Tissue was taken from a defined site on the inferior concha to minimise individual variation and was studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Three cell types were found at the epithelial surface; ciliated and non-ciliated columnar cells and goblet cells. The distribution of cell types varied greatly between specimens, perhaps owing to environmental factors. All cells bore microvilli which showed minor structural differences between the cell types. Two important features were common to all microvilli. Cytoplasmic filaments were seen running parallel to the long axis of the structure; these may be involved in microvillar motility. Also found was a prominent surface glycocalyx. This may help maintain the volume and viscosity of periciliary fluid; it may also prevent adhesion and tangling of microvilli and cilia. A notable feature of the cilia seen on transmission electron microscopy was the presence of occasional ciliary crowns; these claw-like projections from the cilial tips may be involved in the propulsion of mucus. The goblet cells showed apocrine secretory droplets which were extruded intact into the nasal lumen. This may help to preserve the integrity of the mucous and periciliary fluid layers. We conclude that the mechanism of mucus secretion and transport in the nose may involve several surface structures including ciliary crowns and microvilli. Their function is not yet clear and further study is indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The presentation of laryngeal tuberculosis.

Laryngeal tuberculosis is now a rare disease. We report 6 patients presenting within a 10-year period (1976-1986). Symptoms and signs often mimic carcinoma or chronic non-specific laryngitis. Greater clinical awareness and a chest radiograph prior to direct laryngoscopy may alert the clinician to the possibility of tuberculosis. The diagnosis is established by laryngeal biopsy.

Adolescent↗