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Biomedical subjects

L A Nielsen

Publications and source records attributed to L A Nielsen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Immunoassay for urinary pyridinoline: the new marker of bone resorption.

Urinary pyridinoline (Pyd) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) are markers of bone resorption that are elevated above normal in subjects with metabolic bone disease. Total Pyd and Dpd, both free and peptide-bound forms, can be measured by HPLC after hydrolysis and cellulose chromatography. Since free Pyd is the major component of total Pyd in urine, we developed an immunoassay using free Pyd as an immunogen. This assay is much easier to perform than HPLC, requires no sample preparation, and correlates well with total Pyd measurement by HPLC (r = 0.97) and with urinary hydroxyproline (r = 0.90). The antiserum reacts most strongly with free Pyd and Dpd and minimally with glycosylated and large peptide-bound forms. The sensitivity of the Pyd immunoassay is less than 25 nM. The intraassay CV is 5-10%; the interassay CV is 10-15%. Analytic recovery studies indicated negligible sample interference. Furthermore, measurement of the Pyd in the same individuals over a 30 day time period exhibited minimal day-to-day variation. Thus, the Pyd immunoassay provides a rapid and easy method for evaluation of Pyd in urine. Pyd immunoassay may serve as a practical method of screening for metabolic bone disease and for monitoring therapeutic treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Dental plaque and caries on permanent first molar occlusal surfaces in relation to sagittal occlusion.

This study examines the influence of sagittal occlusion on occlusal plaque formation in permanent first molars (PFM) in 72 7-10-yr-olds before loss of primary second molars. Of a total of 288 PFM, 140 (49%) were sealed and 23 (8%) filled. Occlusal plaque was recorded at two levels of examination: 1) visible plaque on the entire surface and 2) detailed macromorphologic mapping. Enamel caries was recorded after professional tooth cleaning. After 48 h without tooth brushing, plaque examinations were repeated. Stone models were used for 1) identification of interocclusal contact areas and 2) classification of sagittal molar occlusion. The detailed mapping of plaque on unfilled surfaces showed a clear pattern of preferential locations related to the macromorphology of the occlusal surfaces. Active caries was restricted to those anatomic structures where plaque accumulated. 48-h median plaque values on mandibular molars in normal and with one cusp distal occlusion were significantly lower (P < 0.01) compared to surfaces in 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 distal molar occlusion. Maxillary molars with normal and with 1 cusp distal occlusion had lower median plaque values than other sagittal occlusion categories. In general, however, plaque scores were higher in maxillary teeth because more than 2/3 of these teeth were without occlusal contact in the distal part. Mandibular occlusal surfaces in normal and with one cusp distal occlusion had significantly fewer active lesions than teeth with 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 cusp distal occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1991

[Indications and use of fissure sealants in public dental health care in Denmark. A questionnaire-investigation].

During the past decade usage of the fissure sealant technique for occlusal caries prevention has been increasingly recommended. This study explores variations in indications and usage of this technique in Denmark. A questionnaire was sent to 205 chief dental officers in the Danish Public Child Dental Health Service (PDHS) covering 90% of Danish children and to municipalities, where dental health to children is provided by private practitioners. More than half of the respondents did not use firmly defined criteria for fissure sealant application. Oral hygiene and previous caries experience were most often stated as indications. Actual usage of the sealant technique differed significantly from the PDHS and private clinics. Thus, 33% of the chief dental officers in the PDHS said that sealants were routinely applied to 8- and 13-year-olds, 43% to 30-80% of the children, and 15% used sealants to less than 10% of 8- and 13-year-olds. In contrast, only 5% of the private clinics reported routinely use of sealing technique, 22% used application to 30-80% of the children, while more than one third of the private practitioners used sealants to less than 10% of the 8- and 13-year-olds. In spite of the significant difference in sealant usage between PDHS and private practitioners, it was not possible to see a corresponding difference neither in caries prevalence nor in occlusal filling incidence. Moreover, analysis of PDHS caries prevalence data revealed that PDHS variations could not be explained by variations of risk in terms of social classes and caries incidence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Plaque and gingivitis in children with cerebral palsy: relation to CP-diagnosis, mental and motor handicap].

UNLABELLED: A total of 105 children with cerebral palsy aged 14 and 15 years born in the eastern Denmark comprised the study group. The children were classified according to CP-diagnosis, mental handicap, motor handicap and information on plaque index, gingivitis index, and toothbrushing habits were collected. The analysis showed that the values for plaque and gingivitis indices were significantly higher than those of the control group. The specific CP-diagnosis, the mental handicap and the motor handicap did not seem to have definite influence on the child's plaque and gingivitis indices. Children with the mildest mental and motor handicap seemed to have lower plaque and gingivitis indices than those of the severely handicapped children. The highest gingival scores (5.2) were seen when the child and the parents together were responsible for the child's toothbrushing. The gingival index was 4.0, when the parents brushed the child's teeth and 3.7 when the children brushed their teeth on their own. Only 7 children used an electric toothbrush. The average gingival index in this group was 3.0, which was nearly the same as that of the control group. CONCLUSION: 1. Oral hygiene planning of the CP-child can only be made when an individual evaluation has been performed. 2. CP-children's oral hygiene has to be controlled frequently.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Intrusion of primary teeth: case reports].

Three cases of intrusion of primary teeth are described. In all cases the intruded primary tooth was left without treatment and the tooth did not re-erupt. After eruption of the succedaneous permanent tooth the primary tooth was surgically removed. There was damage to the permanent tooth in two of the three cases.

Child↗