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Biomedical subjects

L A Alekseeva

Publications and source records attributed to L A Alekseeva.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Laboratory evaluation of the severity of intoxication syndrome in children with bacterial infections].

For the laboratory evaluation of the severity of intoxication syndrome, the spectral characteristics of low and median molecular weight substances (LMMWS) were studied in the plasma and red blood cells of 129 children with bacterial infections, among whom there were 76 children with acute intestinal infections (Flexner's dysentery, Sonne dysentery, and salmonellosis) and 53 children with bacterial purulent meningitis of hemophilic and meningococcal etiology. In the acute period, all the examinees were found to have considerable qualitative and quantitative distinctions of blood spectrograms from the normal values. There was an association of the spectral characteristics of blood LMMWS with the nosological entity, etiology and stage of disease, and the severity of intoxication syndrome. The maximum distinctions from the normal values were detected in children with bacterial meningitis running with complicating the course of acute intestinal infection. There was an increase in the blood levels of LMMWS with the concomitant intercurrent diseases occurring, as compared with the smooth uncomplicated course of disease. The studies of the natural history of disease have indicated a gradual normalization of blood spectrograms; however, in bacterial meningitis, insignificant deviations preserved at the stage of convalescence. The spectral characteristics of plasma and red blood cell LMMWS are proposed to use for the objective appraisal of the severity of intoxication syndrome and the reserve detoxification capacities of blood in children with bacterial infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Chromatographic analysis of low molecular weight fraction of cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute neuroinfections].

Low molecular-weight (oligopeptide) fraction of the cerebrospinal fluid was analyzed by high-performance reversed phase liquid chromatography in 30 children with bacterial and viral neuroinfections. The incidence and height of chromathoraphic peaks in bacterial meningitis depended on the disease etiology, stage, and severity. Qualitative and quantitative composition of low molecular-weight fraction of the liquor varied in patients with viral neuroinfections, depending on the severity of the cerebral parenchyma involvement. Differences in chromatographic profiles in complicated and uneventful course of neuroinfections indicate a possible damaging, protective, or regulatory effect of the liquor peptides. These data focus the attention on the role of oligopeptides in the genesis of neuroinfectious process, significance of search for peptide markers, their further isolation, identification, and development of test systems available for clinical application.

Child↗
PubMed2002

[Fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular complications in patients with essential hypertension (hypertensive disease) during follow-up for many years].

Fatal and nonfatal complications (stroke, myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, sudden coronary death, chronic renal insufficiency) were registered during long term follow-up of 529 patients with hypertensive disease and results were analyzed retrospectively. Duration of ambulatory treatment in two thirds of patients exceeded 15 years. There were 243 deaths in 1993-1999. Mean age of those who died was 75 years. Main fatal complications were strokes and myocardial infarctions. Their rates were similar. Strokes comprised one third of all deaths irrespective of age. There were no significant differences between rates of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Among causes of death proportion of sudden death was the highest in patients younger than 60 years while that of chronic heart failure rose with age. There were no cases of chronic renal failure. Atherosclerotic lesions in coronary and cerebral vessels were found at autopsies irrespective of cause of death.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Influence of posttransplantation plasmapheresis on results of transplantation of a cadaveric kidney].

Plasmapheresis was performed with "Haemonetics" (USA), PCS-Ultralite and MCS+ devices. During one procedure 1750-3550 ml of plasma were removed. Results were evaluated by the following parameters: diuresis within 24 hours after surgery, number of hemodialysis sessions after surgery, period of normalization of creatinine in blood. In patients of the study group oligoanuria was seen 4.5 times more rarely than in the control group, they needed less sessions of hemodialysis. Level of creatinine normalized earlier in the study group. Actually survival of patients with potent transplants was higher in the study group than in the controls. It is concluded that plasmapheresis has positive influence on the course of posttransplantation period.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Use of plasmapheresis in the treatment of drug-resistant cardiac arrhythmias].

AIM: To study the therapeutical efficiency of plasmapheresis (PA) in patients with drug-resistant cardiac arrhythmias (CA) and its mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Discrete PA sessions were carried out in 56 patients with drug-resistant CA: paroxysmal atrial arrhythmia (AA), ventricular and supraventricular premature contractions, supraventricular tachycardia of various etiology. Biochemical blood values, coagulographic parameters, lipid peroxidation (LPO), the spectrum of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), the level of medium-sized molecules were determined, ECG monitoring, EchoCG, and left ventricular radioisotope computed tomography were performed before and after a PA session. RESULTS: PA was effective in 50% of cases. The duration of its effect averaged 3.0 (1.25-5.0) months. PA was more beneficial for patients with IHD, AA with normal left atrial dimensions, and hyperlipidemia. The duration of the effect was significantly higher when antiarrhythmic drug therapy was continued after PA. Due to PA, there were significant decreases in the blood concentrations of cholesterol, medium-sized molecules, malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and in the proportion of polyunsaturated NEFA. The antiarrhythmic effect was associated with the decreases in MDA and NEFA, with a tendency for a reduction in the rate of chemiluminescence. CONCLUSION: PA may be used in the treatment of drug-resistant CA. The most significant mechanism of its antiarrhythmic activity is to recover sensitivity to antiarrhythmics. The intrinsic antiarrhythmic activity may be associated with its effect on NEFA metabolism and LPO; however, its mechanisms await further studies.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Endoscopic video-surgical treatment of children with cryptorchism].

Technical methods of laparoscopic orchiopexy were designed for patients with the abdominal form of cryptorchism. Results of the operations and substantiation of using the method are described. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the laparoscopic method of descending the testes was compared with that of a traditional operation using the inguinal access on the basis of an analysis of long-term results of the surgical treatment.

Cryptorchidism↗
PubMed2001

[Diagnostic significance of the cerebrospinal fluid protein spectrum in bacterial and viral meningitis in children].

Protein spectrum of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied by polyacrylamide gel disk electrophoresis in 119 children with bacterial and 17 with viral meningitis of different origin over the course of disease. Liquor proteinograms of patients were compared with those of 37 children without meningitis. Protein spectra of the CSF were shifted in the patients. These shifts can serve as differential diagnostic markers: types 1-2 and 2-2 haptoglobins and beta-lipoprotein appears in the blood during the acute period of disease. More pronounced and stubborn changes in the CSF protein spectrum in pneumococcal and hemophilic meningitis correlated with a more severe clinical course and formation of residual neurological consequences. Progress of dysproteinemic shifts in the protein spectrum of the CSF was characterized by a many-fold increase in the concentrations of high-molecular-weight proteins and decreased relative content of liquor-specific fractions, indicating sharp impairment of the blood-brain barrier permeability and formation of brain edema. Disk electrophoresis method is characterized by high resolution, informative value, requires low amounts of CSF for analysis, and is recommended as an accessory diagnostic test for infectious hospitals.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins↗
PubMed1998

[Unsolved questions of infectious endocarditis prophylaxis in outpatients practice].

AIM: To check practical feasibility of recommendations of prevention of infectious endocarditis (IE) and to provide more accurate figures on the occurrence of valvular lesions in working population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subacute IE manifestations have been analysed in 10 patients of a general outpatient clinic. Echocardiograms of 6209 patients under 60 years of age were studied retrospectively. RESULTS: In one-third of the patients IE developed in the presence of streptococcal and staphylococcal infection. In all the cases cardiac valve involvement was stated. In 4 cases changes in the valve were not accompanied my impairment of the valvular function. By echocardiography, valvular structure changes without valvular disease were detected 2.3 times more frequently that valvular disease. Difficulties presenting in outpatient IE prophylaxis are outlined. CONCLUSION: Advances in IE prevention will be achieved if echo-CG becomes a mandatory examination in the program of working population check-up, if early diagnosis of streptococcal ENT infection is made, if physicians of different specialties work as a team.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Subdural exudate in bacterial meningitis in children].

A subdural exudate (SE) complicating bacterial meningitis in 28 children was diagnosed by the findings at diaphanoscopy, subdurography, thermography, CT, EEG, echo-EG, rheo-EG in the evidence of aggravating neurological symptoms. SE drainage was carried out in all the cases, in 20 patients it was bilateral. CNS age-specific anatomicophysiological features responsible for emergence of the exudate primarily in the anterior hemispheric compartments subject to consequent atrophy are considered when assessing mechanisms of the exudate development in infants.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Heart transplantation conducted at the All-Union Research Center of Surgery (the first clinical experience)].

The authors analyse experience in the first eight operations for orthotopic transplantation of the heart. Six patients were discharged from the clinic with good immediate results. Comparison of their own data with summarized results gained in other countries allowed the authors to define some specific problems which are of practical interest for clinics embarking on the clinical realization of the problem of heart transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of mass screening on various health indicators of the population and the activities of medical institutions].

The carrying-out of overall dispensarization is associated with considerable rise in the amount of medical care, since, among other things, there is a dramatic increase in the detection of diseases, the number of visits to curative and preventive establishments, and requirements in diagnostic means and curative and health-promoting activities. Under overall dispensarization at the territory divided into smaller units, the major amount of medical activity is fulfilled by territorial out-patient clinics and a district physician. However, the overall dispensarization at the territory divided into smaller units, produces a considerable social and medical effect, provides for cost-effectiveness of its activities.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Heart valve dysplasia as a cause of valvular insufficiency in cardiac surgery (clinico-morphological correlations)].

Dysplasias underlying the mitral and aortic valve diseases in the presence of valvular incompetence were identified in 110 patients with a history of valve replacement. The morphological and electron microscopy evidence together with combinations of valvular changes with Marfan's syndrome and Erdheim's disease, and in some cases with minimal changes in the aorta and peripheral vessels, which followed the type of idiopathic cystic medionecrosis without aneurysm formation support the idea of the dysplastic etiology of the detected abnormalities. The occurrence of a heart disease in the presence of dysplasia is determined by the extent of a valvular process and attending complications, such as chordal rupture or septic endocarditis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of the cerebrospinal fluid from patients with cerebral pathology on regional cerebral blood flow in experimental animals].

In 15 chronically instrumented rabbits the local cerebral blood flow was measured in frontal, parietal and temporal cerebral cortex while high-molecular weight (protein) and low-molecular weight (peptide) fractions of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of epileptic and subarachnoidal hemorrhage patients was infused into their lateral brain ventricles. High molecular-weight fraction elicited pronounced and long-lasting vasoactive effects. This fraction taken from epileptic patients increased and from subarachnoidal hemorrhage patients decreased the local cerebral blood flow. The low-molecular weight fraction caused brief local cerebral flow changes in rabbits: an increase when taken from epileptic patients and decrease with epileptic patients' fraction.

Animals↗