Biomedical subjects

Kristina Adorjan

Publications and source records attributed to Kristina Adorjan.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

Genomic dimensions deconstruct the clinical heterogeneity of bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder's (BD) clinical heterogeneity has an unresolved genetic basis. We meta-analyzed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 16 BD subphenotypes in 226,032 individuals from 57 cohorts (38,022 cases); 10 advanced to multivariate and multi-trait analyses. Four factors (compulsive, psychotic, dysregulated, internalizing) explained 82.8% of shared genetic variance. BD1 and BD2 loaded on distinct factors despite a high genetic correlation; 87.0% of common-factor loci were significant in neither subtype. Unipolar mania aligned with psychosis over internalizing, and was distinguishable from BD1, and rapid cycling showed heritable cross-domain liability. We identified 356 risk loci, 158 novel, including the first univariate-GWAS associations for psychosis, unipolar mania, rapid cycling and schizoaffective disorder-and 249 credible genes (89 high-confidence), 12 with approved-drug or clinical-phase annotations. Cell-type association showed a midbrain dopaminergic-GABAergic gradient along the psychotic factor. BD's genetic architecture appears hierarchical-a general liability resolving into dimensions of course and comorbidity, beyond subtypes.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

Effects of quetiapine on cognitive functioning in schizophrenia: evidence for the remyelination hypothesis?

Postmortem findings, neuroimaging data, and in-vitro models suggest a decrease in number and density of oligodendrocytes is driving cognitive deficits in schizophrenia (SCZ). Second-generation antipsychotics are discussed to improve oligodendrocyte dysfunction with most conclusive evidence available for quetiapine (QET). We postulate that sustained QET treatment leads to cognitive improvement in SCZ, particularly, in tests with high demands for working memory function. We further hypothesize that these effects are moderated by polygenic factors associated with hippocampus-related brain volumes, general white matter integrity, and/or oligodendroglia-related SCZ risk. Using data of the prospective PsyCourse study, we identified 166 patients with SCZ spectrum disorder receiving QET at one or two consecutive visits plus 166 matched patients without QET. Polygenic scores were calculated for subcortical brain volumes, measures of white matter integrity, and for cell type-specific genetic SCZ risks. QET treatment was consistently associated with improved cognitive function independent of time, specifically, in tests with high, but not with low to medium working memory load. Polygenic analyses did not reveal significant moderation effects. In contrary, low genetic SCZ risk specific for genes related to human oligodendrocyte function was associated with higher cognitive performance independent from QET. While we observed improved cognitive performance under QET in high working memory tests, we did not find evidence that polygenic factors associated with hippocampus-related brain volumes, white matter integrity, or oligodendroglia-related SCZ risk moderate this association. Thus, our tentative findings do not provide evidence for the hypothesis that polygenic estimates of hippocampal remyelination capacities influence the association between QET and cognitive performance in SCZ.

Humans↗

PubMed2025

Policy paper of the Committee on Ethics and Task Force on Migration and Mental Health: Migration and mental health of migrants, refugees, asylum seekers - Ethical dilemmas and concerns.

BACKGROUND: International migration is a complex phenomenon of global and historical relevance. It includes voluntary, forced, and workforce migration, shaped by diverse determinants. Push factors comprise war, persecution, and political instability, while pull factors include stability, economic opportunities, education, and favorable living conditions. Forced migration is frequently associated with displacement and a disproportionate burden of mental health disorders, which are urgent yet difficult to address due to structural, cultural, and legal barriers. METHODS: Evidence demonstrates that restricted health care access exacerbates psychiatric disorders, while treatment delays contribute to poorer outcomes. Barriers include administrative limitations, linguistic and cultural differences, stigma, and resource shortages. This policy paper was developed by the Committee on Ethics and the Task Force on Migration and Mental Health of the European Psychiatric Association (EPA). Relevant literature was reviewed and combined with the professional expertise of committee members. The draft was subsequently evaluated by the Publication Committee and the EPA Board, and revised accordingly. RESULTS: Ethical principles in refugee care are insufficiently implemented in many European countries. Core principles of medical ethics - beneficence, respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, and justice - as well as the obligation to advance psychiatric standards and apply psychiatric expertise for societal benefit, are inconsistently upheld. CONCLUSIONS: The primary duty of physicians is to promote health and well-being through competent, timely, and compassionate care. The EPA therefore advocates coordinated strategies to mitigate the mental health consequences of war, displacement, and trauma, and to secure equitable access to psychiatric services for migrants and refugees.

Humans↗

PubMed2025

Urban mental health: a position paper of the European psychiatric association.

BACKGROUND: Urbanization, the shift of a growing population into urban areas, is shaping global development across infrastructure, health, and sustainability. Although it brings economic growth, innovation, and improved access to services, it may also impact mental health. METHODS: The present article was prepared on behalf of the European Psychiatric Association and explores the complexity of associations between urbanization and mental health, highlighting both potential risks and opportunities for improvement. RESULTS: Urban growth often leads to increased population density, social fragmentation, and environmental stressors, including noise, pollution, and reduced green spaces, all of which might account for worsening mental health. Urban residents might be at risk of various mental disorders due to these stressors, accompanied by the risk of social disconnection. Moreover, socioeconomic disparities in urban settings can lead to unequal healthcare access, further contributing to these challenges. However, urbanization also offers unique opportunities to improve mental health through better resource allocation, innovative healthcare solutions, and community-building initiatives. Indeed, cities might serve as areas for mental health promotion by integrating mental health services into primary care, utilizing digital health technologies, and fostering environments that promote social interactions and well-being. Urban planning that prioritizes green spaces, safe housing, and accessible public transportation holds the potential to mitigate some risks related to urban living. CONCLUSIONS: While urbanization presents significant challenges to mental health, it also provides grounds for transformative interventions. Addressing the mental health needs of urban populations requires a multifaceted approach that includes policy reform, community engagement, and sustainable urban planning.

Humans↗