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Biomedical subjects

Kenji Mori

Publications and source records attributed to Kenji Mori.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Difference of signal change by a language task on autistic patients using functional MRI.

OBJECTIVE: Cerebral function with a language task was evaluated by functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the differences of activated pattern and signal changes were compared between autistic patients and normal controls. METHODS: Ten autistic and ten normal subjects were tested by fMRI with a language task requiring the attribution of complex mental states. Activation maps analyzed between two groups were generated and the asymmetry indexes calculated by the quotient of activated pixels of the right frontal lobe divided by those of the left frontal lobe were statistically compared by unpaired t-test. RESULTS: Both the autistic and the normal subjects showed activation at the bilateral prefrontal cortical areas and the ventral occipito-temporal regions. However, the autistic patients demonstrated more activation at the right frontal lobe than the normal controls. Thus it was considered that in the autistic patients the right-hemisphere was more dominant for the language task than that of the normal controls. The result is consist to the theory that autism is related to early left-hemisphere dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: We considered that fMRI may be a useful non-invasive method to evaluate the cerebral functional abnormality in autistic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Self-limited colitis during the course of rubella and cytomegalovirus infection in an immunocompetent adult.

We report a case of self-limited colitis in cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in an immunocompetent adult. A 22-year-old man developed a high fever and diarrhea. Laboratory data revealed an increased number of lymphocytes and liver damage. Enzyme immunoassays for anti-virus antibodies revealed that the patient was recently infected with CMV and rubella. Colonoscopy revealed severe erosive and edematous mucosa that resembled ulcerative colitis (UC). The symptoms, laboratory data and colonoscopic findings improved without any medical treatment. This case indicates that UC-like self-limited colitis can occur in an immunocompetent individual during the course of CMV infection.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Efficacy of secretin for the treatment of autism].

We administered secretin intravenously to 14 patients with autism (9 to 14 years, 10 males; 4 females), and evaluated its clinical effect. We also measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxy-indole-3-acetic acid (5HIAA) before and after 4 weeks treatment, and compared them with the grade of improvement of the clinical symptoms assessed by the scores of Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). After injection of secretin, the ADI-R score increased in 8 patients, but declined in 3. Improvement was observed in functions such as sociability (interpersonal relationships), communication and speech improved, whereas in the others. symptoms such as hyperkinesias and stereotyped behavior became worse. The CSF levels of HVA was significantly increased in all of the patients showing an improvement in the ADI-R score. SHIAA levels also tended to increase, although this increase was not significant. These findings suggest that secretin promotes the metabolism of serotonin and dopamine in the central nervous system, which may contribute to improvement in clinical symptoms of autism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Case of methylmalonic acidemia presenting clinically Leigh encephalopathy].

A 1-year-old boy with methylmalonic acidemia had symmetrical lesions of the bilateral basal ganglia, which suggested Leigh encephalopathy. The findings on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and his physical condition greatly improved by the intravenous administration of vitamin B1. We hypothesized that in this case, clinical Leigh encephalopathy was caused by a impairment of the activity of pyruvate carboxylase induced by the accumulation of methylmalonyl CoA and an impairment of energy production due to a lack of vitamin B1, especially impairment of the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex during an acute worsening of methylmalonic acidemia. Thus, in the treatment of methylmalonic acidemia, attention should be paid to vitamin B1 deficiency. During an acute worsening, vitamin B1 should be administered by intravenous drip injection.

Brain↗
PubMed2003

Adrenomedullin infusion attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent pathway.

BACKGROUND: Infusion of adrenomedullin (AM) has beneficial hemodynamic effects in patients with heart failure. However, the effect of AM on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a 30-minute period of ischemia induced by ligation of the left coronary artery. They were randomized to receive AM, AM plus wortmannin (a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI3K] inhibitor), or saline for 60 minutes after coronary ligation. Hemodynamics and infarct size were examined 24 hours after reperfusion. Myocardial apoptosis was also examined 6 hours after reperfusion. The effect of AM on Akt phosphorylation in cardiac tissues was examined by Western blotting. Intravenous administration of AM significantly reduced myocardial infarct size (28+/-4% to 16+/-1%, P<0.01), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (19+/-2 to 8+/-2 mm Hg, P<0.05), and myocardial apoptotic death (19+/-2% to 9+/-4%, P<0.05). Western blot analysis showed that AM infusion accelerated Akt phosphorylation in cardiac tissues and that pretreatment with wortmannin significantly attenuated AM-induced Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, pretreatment with wortmannin abolished the beneficial effects of AM: a reduction of infarct size, a decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and inhibition of myocardial apoptosis after ischemia/reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term infusion of AM significantly attenuated myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. These cardioprotective effects are attributed mainly to antiapoptotic effects of AM via a PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway.

Adrenomedullin↗
PubMed2003

Effect of electric field on the enhanced skin permeation of drugs by electroporation.

Electroporation (voltage; 200 V) was applied using an exponentially decaying electric pulse generator on hairless rat skin using different shapes of electrodes, and the in vitro skin permeation of benzoate was measured as an index of the effectiveness of electroporation. Despite the same voltage of application, the skin permeation of benzoate was markedly different by the electrode shapes. Several experiments hereafter suggest that this reason was probably due to different 2-dimensional electric fields in the skin barrier, stratum corneum, and the voltage decreasing pattern applied. To confirm whether this phenomenon was specific for benzoate, diclofenac having a similar pKa was selected to carry out the same kind of examination. As a result, the skin permeability of diclofenac was influenced by 2-dimensional electric fields in the stratum corneum and the voltage decreasing pattern, similar to the benzoate permeation. Next, a rectangular pulse generator, where no decaying pattern was obtained for the application voltage, was used to measure the effect of electroporation on the skin permeation of diclofenac. As expected, the enhanced skin permeation of diclofenac was dependent only on the electric field when using the rectangular pulse generator. These results suggest that the electric field and time profile of the voltage (or AUC of voltage against time) at electroporation are very important factors to increase the efficacy of electroporation, and that the efficacy can be optimized by the shape of electrodes in addition to the application conditions of electroporation.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Magnetic resonance imaging and proton MR spectroscopy of the brain in a patient with carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type I.

This is a report on a case of carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome (CDGS) with neurological deficits. Magnetic resonance (MR) images showed remarkable atrophy of the cerebellum and brainstem, and hypointensity was seen in the pallidum on diffusion-weighted images (DWI), suggesting deposits of metal substances. In the cerebellum, proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) showed decreased concentrations of N-acetylaspartate and a complex of glutamine and glutamate (Glx) while the concentration of myo-inositol was increased, indicating neuronal impairment and gliosis. In the parietal lobe, there was an increased concentration of Glx, possibly reflecting dysfunction caused by liver injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Structure and function of the antennal sensilla of the palm weevil Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera, Curculionidae).

The distribution, fine structure and function of the sensilla present on the antennal club of Rhynchophorus palmarum were studied. No sex dimorphism was observed. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed five types of hair-like structures, four of which were evenly distributed on the antennal club. Two types of hair (IV and V) showed wall pores, a characteristic of olfactory sensilla. The antenna numbers 11,190 +/- 3040 type IV and 7360 +/- 1500 type V hairs. Using single sensillum recording, we identified 17 types of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) on the basis of their responses to pheromone and host plant odors, triggering synergic behavioral responses. We characterized highly specific and sensitive ORNs tuned to the aggregation pheromone (18% ORNs; 0.01-1 ng response threshold) and to host plant odors such as ethyl acetate, ethanol, acetoin and guaiacol (10% ORNs; 1-10 ng response threshold). Eleven percent of the ORNs were more generalist, responding to several odors with low sensitivity. Nine percent of the ORNs showed a complex pattern of responses, being co-activated by the pheromone and plant odors. This suggests an interaction at the sensory neuron level between pheromone and plant odors, triggering synergic behavioral responses.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Behavioral and electrophysiological responses of the brownbanded cockroach, Supella longipalpa, to stereoisomers of its sex pheromone, supellapyrone.

Females of the brownbanded cockroach, Supella longipalpa, release a sex pheromone (supellapyrone) during a calling behavior and attract males from a distance. Supellapyrone has four possible configurations resulting from two asymmetric carbons at positions 2 and 4 (i.e., 2R,4R; 2R,4S; 2S,4R; and 2S,4S), but only the RR isomer is produced by females. Using pure synthetic stereoisomers in field tests, we showed that males are attracted to RR but also to high concentrations of the isomer SR. To study the activity of the stereoisomers in more detail we developed behavioral and electroantennogram (EAG) dose-response curves for each. Behaviorally, RR was the most active isomer with just 0.3 pg delivered on a filter paper being sufficient to elicit 50% male response in the olfactometer. Males were also attracted to SR and SS in the olfactometer, but at much higher dosages (100x ) than the natural compound; RS did not elicit behavioral responses at any of the doses tested. In EAG assays, the antenna of male S. longipalpa showed high and similar sensitivity to RR and SR, but a much lower (10%) sensitivity to SS and practically no response to RS. The lack of agreement between behavioral and electrophysiological data suggested either that RR and SR stimulate different antennal sensory neuron types, or that some aspect of the interaction between the pheromone and the sensillum environment or the receptor neuron itself is different. To test the first hypothesis we examined the response of the antenna before and after adaptation with each of the four stereoisomers. Positive cross-adaptation between RR and SR suggests that these two compounds stimulate the same receptor cells. Therefore, the lack of agreement between behavioral and EAG dose-response curves could be explained by isomer-specific molecular interactions between the pheromone and the receptor neuron. Although RR and SR produced the same EAG amplitude, stimulation with SR resulted in a slower recovery rate (i.e., wider peaks) than stimulation with RR. To gain further understanding of the response specificity of the antennae to the different stereoisomers we compared EAG responses (amplitude and recovery time) in response to individual stereoisomers and binary mixtures of isomers. These tests showed additive responses of the EAG amplitude to mixtures of compounds, but nonadditive responses of EAG recovery time. Therefore, peak height and width are independent parameters of the EAG, probably representing different intrasensillar events, and likely resulting in the expression of different behavioral responses.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Molecular action mode of Hippospongic acid A, an inhibitor of gastrulation of starfish embryos.

Hippospongic acid A (HA-A) is a novel natural triterpene metabolite that exhibits inhibitory activity against the gastrulation of starfish embryos isolated from a marine sponge, Hippospongia sp. We succeeded in chemically synthesizing the natural enantiomer and the racemate HA-A. In this study, we examined its action mode in vitro. HA-A was a rare compound that could selectively but uniformly inhibit the activities of all the vertebrate DNA polymerases tested such as alpha, beta, delta, epsilon, eta, kappa, and lambda, in the IC(50) range of 5.9-17.6 microM, and interestingly also those of human DNA topoisomerases I and II (IC(50) = 15-25 microM). HA-A exhibited no inhibitory effect on DNA polymerases from insects, plants and prokaryotes, or on many other DNA metabolic enzymes. HA-A was an inhibitor specific to DNA polymerases and DNA topoisomerases from vertebrates, but not selective as to a subclass species among the enzymes. Since DNA polymerase beta is the smallest, we used it to analyze the biochemical relationship with HA-A. Biochemical, BIAcore and computer modeling analyses demonstrated that HA-A bound selectively to the N-terminal 8 kDa DNA template-binding domain of DNA polymerase beta, and HA-A inhibited the ssDNA binding activity. HA-A could prevent the growth of NUGC-3 cancer cells at both the G1 and G2/M phases, and induce apoptosis in the cells. The LD(50) value was 9.5 microM, i.e. in the same range as for the enzyme inhibition. Therefore, we concluded that one molecular basis of the gastrulation of starfish embryos is a process that requires DNA polymerases and DNA topoisomerases, and subsequently the gastrulation was inhibited by HA-A. We also discussed the in vivo role of HA-A.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Design and feasibility assessment of topically applied drug formulations for electroporation.

Few studies have been reported on the design of topical formulations consisting of electrodes and active drugs for electroporation as a means to increase skin permeability of the drugs, although many studies were reported for the effect of this physical means using aqueous drug solutions. We, therefore, designed a prototypic reservoir and matrix topical formulations that are suitable for electroporation in the present study. Plate-plate Ag electrodes and sodium diclofenac were used as model electrodes and the drug, respectively. The in vitro skin permeations of the drug obtained from the reservoir and matrix formulations were slightly higher than that from an aqueous suspension. This may be due to slightly higher electric field in the skin barrier for the presently designed formulations than that for the aqueous suspension. The present feasibility test suggests that these reservoirs and matrix formulations are useful prototypic topical formulations for electroporation application to improve the drug permeability through skin.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2003

Synthesis of the four components of the female sex pheromone of the painted apple moth, Teia anartoides.

Four pheromone components of the female painted apple moth (Teia anartoides), an Australian insect pest, were synthesized. These were (Z)-6-henicosen-11-one (1), (6Z, 8E)-6,8-henicosadien-11-one (2), (Z)-cis-9,10-epoxy-6-henicosene (3), and (Z)-cis-9,10-epoxy-6-icosene (4). 2-Dodecanone was converted to 1 and 2, and both the enantiomers of 3 and 4 were synthesized from the enantiomers of 4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-cis-2,3-epoxy-1-butanol.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Synthesis of (4R,6S,7R)-7-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3-nonanone and (3R,5S,6R)- 6-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-octanone, the pheromone components of the bostrychid beetle, Dinoderus bifoveolatus.

(4R,6S,7R)-7-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3-nonanone and (3R,5S,6R)-6-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-octanone, the pheromone components of the bostrychid beetle, Dinoderus bifoveolatus, as well as their (4R,6S,7S)- and (3R,5S,6S)-isomers were synthesized from (2R,4S,5R)- and (2R,4S,5S)-2,4-dimethyl-5-heptanolide, respectively.

Alkanes↗
PubMed2003

Synthesis of the enantiomers of 21-methyl-7-hentriacontanone and a stereoisomeric mixture of 5-acetoxy-19-methylnonacosane, candidates for the female sex pheromone of the screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominivorax.

The enantiomers of 21-methyl-7-hentriacontanone (1), which might show weak bioactivity as the female sex pheromone of the screwworm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax), were synthesized by starting from the enantiomers of citronellal. (+/-)-Citronellol was converted to a racemic and diastereomeric mixture of 5-acetoxy-19-methylnonacosane (2), which was considered to be a candidate for the female sex pheromone of C. hominivorax. Synthetic 2 exhibited no pheromone activity against male C. hominivorax.

Acyclic Monoterpenes↗
PubMed2003

Synthetic racemate and enantiomers of cytosporone E, a metabolite of an endophytic fungus, show indistinguishably weak antimicrobial activity.

The racemate and the enantiomers of cytosporone E [3-heptyl-4,5,6-trihydroxyphthalide (1)], a metabolite of the endophytic fungus, CR200 (Cytospora sp.), were synthesized. The key steps were (i) Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation of an alkene (8) and (ii) HPLC separation of the enantiomers of tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether (12) on a chiral stationary phase. The racemate and enantiomers of cytosporone E showed only weak antimicrobial activity with no difference among them.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗