Activation of the visual cortex in newborn infants under natural sleep using multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
Kenichi Isobe
Publications and source records attributed to Kenichi Isobe.
Estimation of cerebral blood flow in a newborn piglet model of neonatal asphyxia.
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Animals↗
Electrochemotherapy for digital chondrosarcoma.
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) delivers nonpermeable anticancer drugs to cell interiors by temporally increasing the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane under locally applied pulsating electrical stimuli. This treatment results in consistent and enhanced pharmacological effects of drugs on the targeted tissue. ECT has been used for surface skin cancer but never for musculoskeletal tumors. This report describes a clinical trial of ECT for digital chondrosarcoma. A 74-year-old woman with a digital chondrosarcoma was administered electric stimulation with two surface electrodes 10 min after intratumoral multiple injection of bleomycin sulfate and 15 s after intraarterial perfusion of bleomycin sulfate. Biopsy performed after ECT showed 90% tumor necrosis. Marginal resection of the tumor was followed by autologous bone grafting to fill the bone defect. Although the follow-up period was short (3 years), the patient remained disease-free after ECT and was satisfied that amputation of the affected finger could be avoided. This preliminary result suggests that ECT is a viable modality for limb-preserving treatment of patients with sarcoma of the extremities.
Aged↗
Three-dimensional starch model for simulation of corrective osteotomy for a complex bone deformity: a case report.
The complex valgus deformity of the right ankle of a 24-year-old Maffucci syndrome man was corrected by three-dimensional osteotomy followed by limb lengthening. Before surgical correction of the deformity, we used computed tomography data to make a life-size three-dimensional plastic model of the deformed ankle for an accurate understanding of the anatomical deformity. We then used this model to perform a simulated osteotomy. The real osteotomy was performed immediately afterwards and valgus and recurvatum deformities were corrected accurately. We recommend simulated surgery using a three-dimensional plastic model which will improve the pre-operative planning technique and the accuracy of the end results.
Adult↗
Dramatic increase of telomerase activity during dendritic cell differentiation and maturation.
Telomerase, the reverse transcriptase that maintains telomere DNA, is usually undetectable in most adult tissues but is positive in embryonic tissues and in cancers. In addition, freshly islolated or in vitro-activated lymphocytes were shown to express high levels of telomerase activity, although its expression in myeloid cells including dendritic cells (DCs) is largely unknown. Here, we investigated telomerase activity during the differentiation and maturation process of DCs. In vitro culture of bone marrow (BM) cells with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4 induced a dramatic increase of telomerase activity accompanied with their differentiation into DCs. Furthermore, stimulation with microbial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which triggers maturation of DCs, augmented the activity. In vivo responses of telomerase activity were also observed in splenic DCs by injection of LPS intraperitoneally. It is interesting that in old mice, telomerase activity of splenic DCs was significantly higher than young mice but rather decreased after LPS stimulation. By measuring expression of cell-surface activation markers, splenic DCs of old mice responded poorly to LPS stimulation. Such poor responses to LPS were also observed in BM-derived DCs. These different features of DCs between young and old mice may contribute to a pathogenesis to microbial infections.
Animals↗
New transcutaneous jaundice device with two optical paths.
OBJECTIVES: To confirm the accuracy and precision of transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) values measured by a new device with two optical paths (JM-103) and the value of total serum bilirubin (TSB) level in clinical units of measurement. METHODS: For comparison of the levels of accuracy and precision of JM-103 and the old device (JM-102), serum samples were collected from 77 Japanese infants in three different hospitals including 24 preterm infants and 53 term infants. Measurement of TcB by JM-103 and JM-102 were performed on the forehead of each infant within 30 min before or after blood sampling. RESULTS: The range of TSB was limited to 19.6 mg/dL and to 17 mg/dL for preterm infants. The correlation coefficients for all subjects (r = 0.94) and for term and preterm subjects between TcB measured by JM-103 and TSB was higher than that between TcB measured by JM-102 and TSB. The regression line in term infants between TcB measured by JM-103 and TcB was similar to that in preterm infants. The error distribution of TcB measured by JM-102 and TSB for all subjects (0.00 +/- 2.21) and for term and preterm subjects was larger than that of TcB measured by JM-103 and TSB (all subjects, 0.30 +/- 1.55).
Bilirubin↗
The ability of neonatal and maternal erythrocytes to produce reactive oxygen species in response to oxidative stress.
The ability of neonatal and maternal erythrocytes to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to oxidative stress was investigated using the chemiluminescence probe Cypridina luciferin analogue. The chemiluminescence probe, based on 2-methyl-6-[p-methoxyphenyl]-3,7-dihydro-imidazo[1,2-alpha]pyrazin-3-one (MCLA), is highly specific and sensitive to superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) and singlet oxygen (1O(2)). Blood from 11 mothers who experienced no complications and their healthy full-term newborns was collected and heparinized. MCLA was put into the washed erythrocytes suspension, and phenylhydrazine (PH) was added to cause oxidative stress. Chemiluminescence was measured using an Argus 50 image processing system. It was found that erythrocytes in neonatal blood had a 2.0-fold greater maximum chemiluminescence than did those in maternal blood. There was no change in the emission after the addition of NaN(3), but there was complete suppression with superoxide dismutase (SOD), demonstrating that these were O(2)(-). The present results demonstrated that neonatal erythrocytes produce about twice as much O(2)(-) as do adult erythrocytes in response to oxidative stress. With this method, it is very simple to measure the amount of O(2)(-) produced in erythrocytes and the rate at which they are produced. This method may therefore be very useful for determining the effects of antioxidants.
Adult↗
Pharmacokinetics of zonisamide in perinatal period.
Zonisamide is widely used for intractable epilepsy and the effects of this drug on fetuses and neonates through the mother taking it for epilepsy need to be clarified. We measured the zonisamide concentration in plasma and breast milk using high-performance liquid chromatography to investigate the transfer of zonisamide through the placenta and breast milk, as well as its pharmacokinetics, in two neonates born to epileptic mothers receiving zonisamide. The transfer rates were 92% via the placenta and 41-57% through the breast milk. The first-order kinetics of zonisamide in the two infants was elimination half-lives of 109 and 61h, respectively.
Adult↗
Quantification of cerebral oxygenation by full-spectrum near-infrared spectroscopy using a two-point method.
The aim of this study was to quantify the relative concentrations of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin within the light path of the brain and to estimate cerebral hemoglobin (Hb) oxygen saturation using full-spectrum near-infrared spectroscopy (fsNIRS). For this purpose, we developed a novel exponential correction equation as well as a two-point spectroscopy method to estimate the relative concentrations of Hb and Hb oxygen saturation in biological tissues. The results of evaluation of measurements using an in vitro model indicated that our fsNIRS method enables accurate and non-invasive measurements of Hb content and saturation in a highly scattered medium such as the human brain. According to the results of analysis using a hypoxic piglet model, the mean cerebral Hb oxygen saturation (SbO(2)) of newborn piglets at an inspired oxygen gas concentration of 0.21 was estimated to be 63+/-4% (mean+/-S.D.). Umbilical arterial and left internal jugular venous Hb oxygen saturation were simultaneously estimated to be 96+/-2% and 52+/-11%, respectively. SbO(2) and arterial Hb oxygen saturation values had a linear relationship. The average oxygenation state of cerebral tissue is comparable with that of the cerebral vein. The results of this study showed that our method can be used to monitor Hb oxygen saturation in the neonatal brain at the bedside in an intensive care unit.
Animals↗
Measurement of cerebral oxygenation in neonates after vaginal delivery and cesarean section using full-spectrum near infrared spectroscopy.
To investigate whether or not the mode of delivery produces differences in cerebral oxygenation, cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation was measured using full-spectrum near infrared spectroscopy in 26 healthy term newborn infants immediately after birth. Infants in group 1 (n=20) were delivered vaginally, and those in group 2 (n=6) by elective cesarean section. Arterial oxygen saturation in the right hand was also measured simultaneously using a pulse oximeter. Changes in arterial oxygen saturation showed no significant difference between the two groups. The mean+/-S.D. of cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation in group 1 increased rapidly after birth, from 29+/-17% at 2 min to 68+/-6% at 8.5 min, followed by an almost constant value (66+/-7% at 15 min). In comparison, cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation in group 2 also increased rapidly until 8.5 min, but after this time decreased significantly to 57+/-5% at 15 min after birth. This indicates that the mode of delivery has a marked influence on cerebral oxygenation immediately after birth.
Cesarean Section↗
Influence of glucuronosyl bilirubin and (EZ)-cyclobilirubin on determination of serum unbound bilirubin by UB-analyser.
BACKGROUND: In the enzyme reaction for the determination of the unbound (free) bilirubin concentration by glucose oxidase and peroxidase, materials with low affinity for serum protein are reactive. The influence of these materials on the determination of serum unbound bilirubin was investigated. METHODS Serum samples from patients with neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography for total glucuronosyl bilirubin concentration (TGC) and (EZ)-cyclobilirubin concentration [(EZ)-C]. Based on these measurements, the samples were classified into three groups: group I [13 samples, TGC <2 micromol/L and (EZ)-C < 2.5 micromol/L]; group II [four samples, TGC < 2 micromol/L and (EZ)-C > or = 2.5 micromol/L]; and group III (five samples, TGC > or = 2 micromol/L). The concentrations of total bilirubin and unbound bilirubin were measured in these same samples with a UB-analyser. When the absorbance at 460nm was monitored, the decrease in absorbance was non-linear (concave curve). The degree of concavity was estimated (D15 value) as the deviation from linearity at 15s. RESULTS: The D15 value was significantly higher in groups II and III than in group I. D15 value correlated significantly with TGC, (EZ)-C and unbound bilirubin concentration, and the unbound bilirubin concentration correlated significantly with TGC and (EZ)-C. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that determination of serum unbound bilirubin concentration using the UB-analyser could be positively skewed by high concentrations of TGC and (EZ)-C.
Artifacts↗