Signs and symptoms of heart failure.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Karen A Tarolli.
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Heart failure is a devastating chronic and progressive cardiac disorder affecting millions of Americans annually. Identifying the cause and initiating treatment early is the key to attempting to slow the progression of the condition. Recommended therapy is treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, diuretics, digoxin, beta blockers, and in patients with symptomatic class III and IV heart failure, the addition of aldactone.
The catheterization laboratory is no longer limited to coronary arterial interventions. Physicians have been striving to make more interventions less invasive that now can include carotid, renal, and peripheral arterial stenting, as well as less invasive repair of atrial septal abnormalities. Even cardiac assist devices can be implanted percutaneously to bridge a critically ill patient to other modes of treatment. This article will give a brief overview of each intervention and identify important nursing care.