[Leukocyte adherence inhibition test (LAI): instrumentation, procedure and possibilities for use].
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Brain Neoplasms↗
Biomedical subjects
K Ziegler
Publications and source records attributed to K Ziegler.
Praziquantel compared to hexachloroparaxylol in the treatment of far eastern liver fluke infestation of man.
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Adolescent↗
[ILO symposium on education in working environment].
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Environmental Health↗
Is ligandin relevant for the uptake and storage of phallotoxins in liver cells?
To exclude an involvement of ligandin in the uptake and storage of phalloidin in hepatocytes equilibrium-dialysis studies were made with phalloidin, cholic acid and bromosulfophthalein (BSP). Binding studies with isolated ligandin indicated that the affinity of ligandin for phalloidin is low (KD = 0.8 X 10-3 M). Phalloidin neither displaced BSP (KD = 1.3 X 10-7 M) or cholic acid (KD = 7.6 X 10-5 M) from ligandin, when preloaded with these substrates. Hepatocytes prepared from rats after daily treatment with phenobarbital during 5 days contained 3-4-fold concentrations of ligandin and bound greater amounts of BSP than controls, Nevertheless the velocity of the uptake both of [3H]-demethylphalloin ([3H]-DMP) and of [35S]-BSP was not augmented. Also the sensitivity of liver cells to phalloidin was not drastically modified after induction with phenobarbital and agrees with earlier findings in vivo. We conclude that ligandin plays a negligible role in the uptake and a minor role in a storage of phallotoxins in liver cells.
Alkaloids↗
Identification of a macrophage antigen-processing event required for I-region-restricted antigen presentation to T lymphocytes.
The mechanism of macrophage-antigen handling was studied using a system that involves the quantitation of the antigen-specific binding of Listeria monocytogenes-immune T cells to macrophages. Specific T cells did not bind to native antigen. Because the specific binding of T cells to macrophages could be measured during a short (5- to 15-min) interaction, it was possible to follow the temporal development of a T cell-binding substrate with increasing time of antigen-macrophage interaction. In contrast to the rapid (5-min) uptake of Listeria by macrophages, the development of T cell-binding ability required a 30- and 60-min period of antigen-macrophage interaction. During this processing period, Listeria organisms bound to the macrophage surface were ingested and partially catabolized. Unlike antigen uptake, antigen processing was a temperature-dependent and energy-requiring event. Although macrophages treated with paraformaldehyde before antigen processing did not develop T cell-binding activity, macrophages treated with paraformaldehyde after a 60-min antigen-processing period retained T cell-binding ability. The kinetics of antigen catabolism correlated with antigen processing, and inhibition of antigen catabolism was associated with a corresponding inhibition of antigen processing for T cell binding. Anti-Ia antibodies had no effect on Listeria uptake of catabolism. These results supply direct evidence for a macrophage-antigen processing event relevant to T cell recognition of antigen.
Animals↗
[Structural and functional alterations of the mucosa of a jejunal segment, interposed isoperistaltically after total gastrectomy according to Longmire-Gütgeman (author's transl)].
Six patients had total gastrectomy because of carcinoma followed by jejunum isoperistaltic interposition according to Longmire. A jejunal biopsy was taken in every case during operation and three and six months later endoscopically for morphometric and functional evaluation of small bowel mucosa. Three months after the operation a rise of L-phenylalanin in vitro uptake, an increase in villus height, surface area and a deepening of the crypts with raised mitotic activity of the crypt cells was found. The ratio of villus height to crypt depth was increased, although not significantly. On the other hand the activity of sucrase was initially decreased. Six months postoperatively all parameters had become normal besides the disaccharidases. These changes may be due to adaptive mucosal hyperplasia after small bowel resection or to luminal mucosal damage followed by compensatory hyperregeneration. Finally a humoral stimulus for mucosal hyperplasia as a postoperative effect is discussed.
Biopsy↗
Isolation of hepatocytes from newborn rats.
A method is described for the preparation of isolated hepatocytes from 5 day old rats, based on the procedure of Berry and Friend (1969). In contrast to the original procedure the liver of newborn rats was perfused in the reverse direction from the vena cava caudalis (pars thoracalis) to the vena portae. The cells obtained by the above method are morphologically intact as shown by electron micrographs and by phase contrast microscopy. About 85% of the isolated cells exclused trypan blue. Neonatal liver cell preparations were used for dose response studies with phallotoxins and further experimental applications in the field of phalloidin tolerance of newborns are described.
Animals↗
Decreased phalloidin response, phallotoxin uptake and bile acid transport in hepatocytes prepared from wistar rats treated chronically with diethylnitrosamine.
Isolated hepatocytes prepared from rats pretreated with diethylnitrosamine (0.5 mg/kg DENA/DAY P.O.) are less sensitive to phalloidin poisoning. They take up lower amounts of both phallotoxins and bile acids than controls. The degree of inhibition depends on the period of pretreatment.
Amanitins↗
Uptake of 3H-demethylphalloin by isolated hepatocytes in the presence of various concentrations of phalloin or phalloidin.
The uptake of trace amounts of 3H-demethylphalloin (3H-DMP) by isolated hepatocytes was studied in the presence of various concentrations of unlabeled demethylphalloin (DMP), of phalloin and of phalloidin. The addition of phalloidin (or phalloin) reduces the uptake of 3H-DMP more than the addition of the equivalent concentration of DMP. The error caused by dilution of 3H-DMP with phalloin or phalloidin is not constant and depends on the concentration of the unlabeled compound. The relative differences between the uptake of 3H-DMP in the presence of demethylphalloin and in the presence of either phalloin or phalloidin cannot be explained by a competitive model. Some consequences for the use of 3H-DMP in toxicokinetic experiments are discussed.
Alkaloids↗
Protective effect of anionic cholecystographic agents against phalloidin on isolated hepatocytes by competitive inhibition of the phallotoxin uptake. Comparison of the influence on the inward transport of 3H-demethylphalloin and of 14C-cholate.
Several anionic substances used for cholecystography inhibit the development of protrusions in isolated hepatocytes in response to phalloidin. Drugs from the iopodate family were equieffective with those of th iodipamide type. The above protective effect results from a competitive inhibition of the phallotoxin uptake as shown for iopodate. Cholecystographic agents similarly inhibit the inward transport of cholic acid in a competitive manner. The inhibition of the phallotoxin response is inversely correlated with the uptake of 3H-demethylphalloin (r = 0.94) and with the inward transport of cholate (r = 0.84) at various inhibiting concentrations of iopodate.
Alkaloids↗
[Quantitative investigations of the structure and function of the intestinal mucosa in endoscopically obtained biopsy material. Findings in patients with coeliac disease, patients with partially resected small intestine in Crohn's disease and in patients with small intestine resection for other reasons (author's transl)].
During an endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract, biopsy material of the small intestine was obtained and structure and function of the small intestinal mucosa was investigated. The data were then compared with published results, gained by normally performed blind biopsy techniques. For that the findings of three groups of patients (1. patients with coeliac disease [9], 2, patients with ileal resection due to ileitis terminalis Crohn [9], 3. patients with partially resection of the small intestine due to other reasons [4]) were compared with healthy controls (10). The results indicate that obtaining small intestinal biopsy material endoscopically enables a valid characterization of differentiated properties of the small bowel mucosa. The data of the patients with coeliac disease are in complete agreement with the criteria of this syndrome, published in the literature. On the other hand the results of the group with partial resection of the small intestine resection (without chronic inflammatory bowel disease) show all signs of adaptive mucosal hyperplasia of the remaining small intestine. However, patients with Crohn's disease did not show any adaptive response to small bowel resection.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
The specific binding of Listeria monocytogenes-immune T lymphocytes to macrophages. I. Quantitation and role of H-2 gene products.
A system was developed to study the binding of Listeria monocytogenes-specific T cells to L. monocytogenes-pulsed macrophages as an analogue of the initial phase of T-cell activation: antigen recognition. Specific binding, demonstrable after a brief (1 h) contact, was quantitated by the depletion of L. monocytogenes-specific T-cell activity in the cells nonadherent to L. monocytogenes-pulsed macrophage monolayers. L. monocytogenes-specific T-cell function was measured by its ability to activate L. monocytogenes-pulsed macrophages, both to secrete a protein mitogenic for thymocytes and to effect nonspecific tumoricidal activity. These manifestations of T-cell function are known to be regulated by products of I region of the H-2 gene complex. Studies designed to determine the role of H-2 gene products in specific T-cell-macrophage binding have revealed the following. T cells bind specifically to syngeneic macrophages and poorly to allogeneic macrophages. The binding ability appears to map to the K end of the H-2 gene complex (K through I-E). At least two distinct populations of B6AF1 T cells with binding avidity for L. monocytogenes presented on parental macrophages can be identified. Finally, the binding of a given parental-reactive B6AF1 T-cell clone can be specifically inhibited by pretreatment of the antigen-pulsed B6AF1 binding macrophage with anti-H-2 (anti-Ia) antibodies reactive with the appropriate parental haplotype. These results strongly suggest that H-2 gene products play a direct role in mediating the specific binding of T cells to macrophages and imply that the antigen-dependent physical interaction between T cells and macrophages is the initial, and determining, event in some forms of H-2 gene control of immune reactivity.
Animals↗
[Febrile infections and their treatment].
Fever is a cardinal symptom of most infectious diseases; the febrile conditions not caused by infection are, however, not sufficiently taken into consideration in diagnosis and therapy. In 297 infections with a febrile course only in 26.26% of the cases a therapy with antibiotics was indicated. Antipyretic drugs were only exceptionally used under hospital conditions. Before hospitalisation, however, more than 75% of the 297 patients were treated with antibiotics and/or antipyretically. Virus infections stand in the first place of an unnecessary and, therefore, uncritical chemotherapy. With a casuistic report on the sequels of an uncritical chemotherapy is referred to the dangers for the patient and to the not insignificant economic burden for the society.
Adult↗
Inhibition of 3H-demethylphalloin uptake in isolated rat hepatocytes under various experimental conditions.
3H-Demethylphalloin (3H-DMP) a cyclopeptide very similar to phalloidin is taken up by isolated hepatocytes in vitro. Hepatocytes prepared from newborn animals are less sensitive to phalloidin. Their uptake of 3H-DMP is about one tenth of that of cells from adult animals. Ascites hepatoma cells, known to be insensitive to phalloidin took up negligible amounts of 3H-DMP. Cells prepared from regenerating livers took up insignificantly lower amounts of the toxin than in hepatocytes from adult animals. Treatment of hepatocytes with low concentrations of trypsin was found to switch off the phalloidin sensitivity in a reversible manner. This inhibition is due to a reduced uptake of 3H-DMP. Pretreatment of animals with CCl4, known to reduce the sensitivity to phalloidin, also decreases the uptake of 3H-DMP in isolated hepatocytes. Various agents, drugs and reagents were found to inhibit the response of isolated hepatocytes to phalloidin. All these compounds (bile acids, rifampicin, silybin, DIDS, glutardialdehyde, bromosulphophthalein, fusidic acid, antamanide, novobiocin) inhibit also the uptake of 3H-DMP in isolated hepatocytes. The results confirm our working hypothesis, presented in several previous papers, that decreased sensitivity to phalloidin is probably due to a reduced or blocked uptake of the toxin.
Alkaloids↗
Decreased sensitivity of isolated hepatocytes from baby rats, from regenerating and from poisoned livers to phalloidin.
Isolated hepatocytes, prepared from 5 day old rats, from regenerating livers of from livers after poisoning with carbon tetrachloride, are less sensitive to phalloidin in vitro than hepatocytes from untreated adult controls. The time course of the reduced susceptibility to phalloidin was compared with the ability of hepatocytes to take up bile acids under various conditions. SDS-electrophoresis of cell lysates gave no evidence for decreased levels of actin in cells with reduced sensitivity to phalloidin. In contrast, there was a good relationship between the active uptake of bile acids and the sensitivity of hepatocytes to phalloidin. The decreased response of hepatocytes from baby rats, from regenerating livers or from poisoned livers to phalloidin is more probably related to differences in phalloidin uptake than to a reduced endowment with microfilamentous structures.
Actins↗
[The effectiveness of the drugs Dovenix and Bilevon(R)-Injection against liver fascioliasis (Fasciola hepatica, Linné 1758) in cattle].
Dovenix and Bilevon-injection (manufactured by SPECIA, France and BAYER, West Germany, respectively) were tested for their anthelmintic efficacy against Fasciola hepatica in cattle. The drugs proved highly effective against both adult and immature flukes. The faeces of the treated animals were negative for F. hepatica eggs when examined 91 days after the treatment. In experiments with rats Dovenix and Bilevon-injection were tolerated up to eight times and ten times higher doses than the normal therapeutic dose, respectively.
Animals↗
[New strategy in the fight against malaria].
The initial spectacular success of the malaria eradication programme which has been performed since 1955 did not save from severe reactions. These reactions were the cause for a more realistic estimation of the situation. The at present necessary activities in the combat against malaria have to be realized flexibly and in the comprehensive range of the national health planning taking into consideration the epidemiological conditions, the financial and personal possibilities of the country concerned as well as the total social-economical structure. Particular problems result from the increasing resistence of the malaria vectors against insecticides and the pathogenic agents against chemotherapeutics. In the development of new methods of combat special consideration must be ascribed to their efficiency not only, but also to their economy. The at present forcedly performed malaria research is expected to give not only a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, but also new possibilities of prevention.
Animals↗
Introduction of new crosslinks into proteins.
Analysis of the crosslinks epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl) lysine and epsilon- (beta-aspartyl) lysine present in treated wool has been improved by modifying the enzymic digestion. Treatment of wool with either monocarboxylic acid chlorides in dimethylsulfoxide or with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in the presence of acetate considerably decreased epsilon-amino groups and solubility. Since no information of interchain amide crosslinks was observed, the hypothesis of so-called self-crosslinking postulated by ZAHN has to be withdrawn. The effects of both treatments are explained in the light of new results. The reaction of wool with glutaraldehyde leads to a stabilization of the fiber. Experiments with glutaraldehyde and primary alkyl amines as model componds revealed that the cyclic form of the aldehyde gave the unstable N-alkyl-2,6-dihydroxypiperidine, which either looses water to give N-alkyldihydropyridine or condenses with 2,6-dihydroxytetrahydropyran to yield a copolyether which was isolated. According to recent publications, crosslinking of proteins by glutaraldehyde is due to the formation of quaternary pyridinium compounds.
Amino Acids↗