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Biomedical subjects

K Zaki

Publications and source records attributed to K Zaki.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a multicentre study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus infection in major cities of Pakistan. SETTING: Various laboratories of the country with one as the central Laboratory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven hundred and ninety two consecutive clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were collected from 8 laboratories all over Pakistan i.e. Karachi, Peshawar, Lahore, Sukkhur, Islamabad, Quetta, and Mirpur, Azad Kashmir. Antibiotic sensitivity was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and MIC of Vancomycin was determined by 'E' test. RESULTS: Forty two percent of the isolates were found to be Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) while no Vancomycin resistance was encountered. CONCLUSION: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are seen in the local population with frequencies varying between 2-61% highest incidence is seen in the major cities of the country. Fortunately no Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus has been isolated from any of the major cities.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1993

Electrophoretic separation of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in synovial fluid and serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The alkaline phosphatase enzyme in both serum and synovial fluid from 28 cases of rheumatoid arthritis and from the serum of 30 controls was measured. The enzyme was further studied by separating its isoenzymes to clarify their origin in both synovial fluid and serum of 10 patients with elevated level of the enzyme in their sera. The level of the enzyme in serum was elevated in 37% of patients confirming previous reports on that point. The most abundant isoenzyme in the synovial fluid (66.9%) was found to be bone in origin while in serum the most abundant isoenzyme was found to be hepatic (60.5%). This may be responsible for increased bone turn-over in rheumatoid joints whether in formation or resorption.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

Low molecular weight factor X activator from Cerastes vipera (Sahara sand viper) venom.

Fraction G from Cerastes vipera venom previously purified on Sephadex G100 was refractionated on DEAE-Sephadex A50 column. A factor X activator was obtained. It had a mol. wt of 12,500 and an isoelectric point of 4.4. It shortened the plasma recalcification time of normal plasma, and plasmas deficient in factors V, VII, VIII, IX, XI and XIII, while it had no effect on plasma deficient in factor X or factor II. It had a serine protease activity and a minimal plasmin activity. PMSF, leupeptin and iodoacetamide exerted a pronounced inhibitory effect on its serine protease activity. Polyantivenin could neutralize the coagulant activity of the activator.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Effect of Rift Valley fever virus on pregnant and non-pregnant local Barki ewes after artificial infection.

Studies were conducted into effects of Rift Valley fever virus on oestrous and vaginal cytology in non-pregnant ewes. 6 pregnant and 8 non-pregnant local Barki ewes were subcutaneously inoculated with different doses of virus isolated from Sharkia Province. Observed were irregularities in the oestrous cycle (20-28 days inoculation) and anoestrum. The anoestrum smears included large non-cornified epithelial cells with large well stains centrally located nuclei together with a large number of bacteria. Abortion and retention of placenta occurred in pregnant ewes with prolonged puerperal heat up to 70 days. Inoculation of virus was followed by thermal response. Re-isolation of virus in BHK cells was possible from aborted foetuses and placenta.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1984

Salivary female sex hormone levels and gingivitis in pregnancy.

Salivary estradiol 17 beta (E2-17 beta) and progesterone (P) were determined by using radioimmunoassay techniques in 30 pregnant females in the first, second and third trimesters as well as in 10 non-pregnant controls during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Plaque index (P.I.), gingival index (G.I.) and retention index (R.I.) were measured in all cases. The data obtained showed that the levels of the two hormones in saliva were significantly increasing during the 3 trimesters of pregnancy. P.I. and R.I. did not change, however, G.I. was significantly higher in the second and third trimesters when compared with controls. A correlation between both E2--17 beta and P during pregnancy and gingival changes is suggested.

Estradiol↗
PubMed1983

Glucose concentration of cervical mucus in Copper T IUD users.

Cervical mucus was collected from 24 normal (control) women, and 45 cases fitted with Cu T200 IUDs. Glucose concentration was measured by spectrophotometry before and after insertion of the IUDs. In the control group, glucose concentration at midcycle was 1.802 +or- 0.235 mg/gm wet weight cervical mucus. Pre- and postinsertion mean values in Cu T200 users were 0.746 +or- 0.149 mg/gm and 0.487 +or- 0.045 mg/gm of mucus respectively. This decrease in mucus glucose concentration in Cu T200 users may be a factor by which this device affects sperm migration at the cervical level.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Urinary oestrogens and pregnandiol in breast cancer patients.

Urinary E1, E2, E3 and pregnandiol were determined in 60 premenopausal and 12 postmenopausal breast cancer patients before and after mastectomy, as well as in 30 normal females. Data obtained showed great individual variation. The general findings were low oestrogens in young patients, normal in old premenopausal patients and high in postmenopausal patients. The ratio E3/E1 + E2 showed comparatively high values in premenopausal patients. Pregnandiol excretion was low in almost all premenopausal patients with the exception of few cases in the different age groups. The changes in the hormonal pattern in premenopausal breast cancer patients, before and after mastectomy, and of postmenopausal patients were discussed in view of the current literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Plasma insulin; insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in children with bilharzial hepatic fibrosis.

An intravenous glucose tolerance test was carried out in 20 children with advanced bilharzial hepatic fibrosis (B.H.F.) and in 10 healthy controls of the same age. Impaired glucose tolerance was demonstrated in bilharzial patients by the presence of a low glucose disappearance rate. There was no difference between the fasting blood sugar and plasma free fatty acid (F.F.A.) levels in bilharzial and healthy children. The plasma insulin levels of bilharzial patients in the fasting state and 60 minutes after glucose infusion were higher than in healthy children. The calculated insulin/glucose ratio after glucose infusion was similar in bilharzial and healthy children. These observations suggest delayed hepatic degradation of insulin and the presence of insulin resistance in children with B.H.F. They are also suggestive of the presence of decreased islet cell reserve in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Studies on the effects of ethinyl estradiol and norethisterone acetate on the adrenal cortex and some other tissues in the rat.

Alkaline phosphatase activity (AP) of the adrenal cortex of rats were determined under the effect of ethinyl estradiol (EE) and/or norethisterone acetate (NA), the two components of the contraceptive pill gyn-anovlar (Schering AG Berlin). A pathological study was also carried out to examine the effects of EE and NA on other tissues mainly the liver, lungs, spleen and ovaries. EE in a dose of 10 micrograms/day for 2 weeks caused a significant increase in the weight of the adrenal but no significant increase in the AP/g cortical tissue. The 25 and 50 micrograms doses for the same period caused a significant increase in both adrenal weight and AP. When treatment was prolonged to 6 weeks no effect on adrenal weight or AP was detected. The same finding was obtained with NA in a dose of 7 mg/rat/day for 2 weeks. The 14 mg dose of NA for the same period caused a significant increase in adrenal weight but no effect on AP. The 21 mg dose caused a significant increase in adrenal weight accompanied by significant decrease in AP/g cortical tissue. Treatment with NA for 6 weeks caused a rise in adrenal weight and AP with the 7 mg dose, then a decline in AP with the 14 mg dose, and a decline in both adrenal weight and AP with the 21 mg dose. As regards the effects of EE and NA on other tissues, EE was found to have a powerful stimulatory effect on the reticuloendothelial system (RES) as well as toxic effects on the liver. NA did not produce such lesions except for the large doses and prolonged periods of treatment. In addition NA produced cholestasis in the liver associated with staining of the liver cells with bile. Combination of EE and NA in the form of gyn-anovlar produced more powerful stimulation of RES and decreased the toxic manifestations of either component. As regards the ovaries, administration of 50 micrograms EE for 6 weeks produced profound hyperplasia of the granulosa cells of the Graafian follicles and inhibited ovulation, however, NA did not inhibit ovulation. With gyn-anovlar, the effect of EE on the ovaries seemed to predominate and ovulation was inhibited.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1978

Medroxyprogesterone acetate: peripheral serum levels and its effects on pituitary and ovarian functions in the rhesus monkey.

17 alpha-Acetoxy-6 alpha-methylprogesterone (medroxy-progesterone acetate, MPA) in doses of 50 mg followed 4 weeks later by an additional 100 mg was i.m. injected in 5 adult normal female monkeys. Serum levels of MPA, progesterone, estradiol-17-beta and LH were determined every other day for a period of 8 weeks then weekly for 8 months. Peak values of serum MPA were detected 2 weeks postinjection followed by a gradual decline to undetectable levels after variable periods ranging from 125 to 225 days. The drug, in the doses used, caused inhibition of LH and estradiol surges and suppression of progesterone for more than 6 months. The return of menstrual cyclicity preceded the return of ovulatory cyclicity. Menstrual cyclicity occurred while the drug was still detectable in the blood. The probable site of action of the drug is discussed.

Animals↗