Biomedical subjects

K Yoshitake

Publications and source records attributed to K Yoshitake.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Participation of collagenase and elastase in LPS-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs.

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) cause airway hyperreactivity in guinea pigs pretreated with metopirone. LPS inhalation resulted in an increase in airway muscarinic reactivity measured by intravenous acetylcholine injection 1-4 h after the inhalation of LPS. The increase of pulmonary capillary permeability was observed 1-24 h after the inhalation of LPS, whereas the increase of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was observed 2 and 24 h after the inhalation of LPS. Increased cells are mainly neutrophil, eosinophil, and macrophage. From the histopathological study, acute mucosal injury and loss of epithelial cilia were observed 1-24 h after the inhalation of LPS. In order to investigate the phlogistic substance in LPS-induced hyperreactivity, the roles of collagenase and elastase were investigated. The activities of both enzymes were elevated 2 h after the inhalation of LPS. The inhalation of collagenase and elastase caused bronchial hyperreactivity and increased pulmonary permeability. The combined administration of prednisolone (10 mg/kg/day) and cyclophosphamide (10 mg/kg/day) for five days decreased LPS-induced hyperreactivity, pulmonary capillary increase, collagenase and elastase activities, and the number of nucleated cells in BALF 2 h after the inhalation of LPS. These results indicate the participation of collagenase and elastase in the onset of LPS-induced airway hyperreactivity in guinea pigs.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1991

Symptoms and social adjustment of schizophrenic patients as evaluated by their family members: a cross-cultural psychiatric study between offshore islands and an urban city.

We conducted a comparative study of symptoms and social adjustment of schizophrenic patients on offshore islands and one urban region in Japan. In the evaluation of symptoms and social behavior by family members, no differences were observed between the two regions. Looking at social adjustment in the two regions, no differences were observed by family members either in the performance level or in the expectation level of socially expected activities. However, on the offshore islands, the expectation level of socially expected activities by family members was significantly higher than the level of self-accomplishment set by schizophrenic patients themselves. As for leisure activities, both family members and patients on the islands evaluated the level of performance to be significantly higher than in the urban region, and the level of satisfaction of the patients themselves was also higher on the islands. Considering both these findings and Japanese traditional views of work and leisure, it is believed that on the islands patients are required to engage in more productive activities and less leisure activities than in the urban region. Further it seems that patients on the islands compared to patients in the urban region may have greater difficulty in social adjustment.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Effects of glibenclamide on cytosolic calcium concentrations and on contraction of the rabbit aorta.

1. Using fluorometry of fura-2 and rabbit aortic strips, we studied the effects of glibenclamide (GLB), a sulphonylurea anti-diabetic drug and an inhibitor of opening of K+ channels, on cytosolic calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and on force development. 2. Both high K(+)-depolarization and noradrenaline (NA) increased [Ca2+]i and force, in a concentration-dependent manner, in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ (1.25 mM). However, force development in relation to [Ca2+]i ([Ca2+]i-force relationship) observed with NA was much greater than that observed with K(+)-depolarization. 3. Pretreatment with GLB (10(-6)-10(-4) M) for 10 min partially inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, both [Ca2+]i elevation and the force development induced by 118 mM K(+)-depolarization or NA 10(-5) M in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. The [Ca2+]i-force relationship induced by both 118 mM K+ physiological salt solutions and by NA 10(-5) M in the GLB-treated strips overlapped that obtained in the non-treated strips, thereby suggesting that GLB has no effect on the Ca2(+)-sensitivity of the intracellular contractile apparatus. Only high concentrations (10(-4) M) of GLB decreased [Ca2+]i and the force, when applied after the force induced by 118 mM K+ PSS or NA 10(-5) M reached the maximum level. 4. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, NA induced a transient increase in [Ca2+]i and in the force and these increases were inhibited when the vascular strips were pretreated with GLB for 10 min. The [Ca2+]i-force relationship obtained in the GLB-treated strips overlapped that in the non-treated ones. 5. An ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener, cromakalim (10-5M) reduced the increased [Ca2 + ]i and force induced by 25mm K+-depolarization and NA 10-SM. Subsequent application of GLB concentrationdependently reversed this relaxant effect of cromakalim on the NA-induced contraction (IC50 = 2x 10 7 M). Complete reversal of the effect was observed with 10IsM GLB. 6. We suggest that GLB inhibits both high K+-depolarization- and NA-induced contraction of the rabbit aorta, by decreasing [Ca2+]i and with no effect on the [Ca2+]i-force relationship. However, when NA-induced contractions were inhibited by a K+-channel opener, GLB reversed this inhibitory effect by inhibiting K+-channel opening and increasing [Ca2 +].

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[The advantage of active conformity as a communication strategy for compatibility between self assertion and smooth interpersonal relationship].

When a consensus is sought but no compromise seems to be obtainable among opposing opinions, people are often forced to choose one of them. This experiment investigated the effects of giving way and agreeing with the group under topics of either a high or low degree of importance. The results were as follows: 1) Those who have given way to others before perceived that their opinions would be accepted more easily in the next time than those who have insisted their own opinions. This tendency was greater under the condition of topics with higher importance. 2) Consequently, those who wish to assert oneself next time dared to give way and agree to others in the group. 3) Those who have stuck to their own opinions were much more regretful than what those who have given way would guess. From these results, it was suggested that people actively select conformity on a long view.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Changes in negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients two years later.

This study investigated the course of negative symptoms by examining the psychiatric symptoms of 59 new schizophrenic patients at the first consultation and again two years later using a structured interview--the Present State Examination. An examination of the total score of the nine negative symptoms, included in the "Chronic Schizophrenic Syndrome" by Wing, showed that 27 out of the 59 patients (45.8%) had lower symptom scores two years later than they did at the first consultation ("negative symptom improvement" group), while 20 patients (33.9%) had higher scores two years after the first consultation ("negative symptom deterioration" group). There were 12% more patients in the improvement group than in the deterioration group. No significant differences were observed between the "improvement group" and "deterioration group" in relation to the following factors--subclassification of schizophrenia, mode of onset, age at the first consultation, marital status at the time of onset, academic history, employment status prior to the onset, the history of hospitalization after the onset and maintenance therapy of neuroleptics. In relation to psychiatric symptoms at the first consultation, the patients in the "improvement group" had a variety of symptoms compared to the patients in the "deterioration group," and the presence of "incoherence of thought," "delusion of reference" and "special features of depression" was significantly higher in the improvement group than in the deterioration group.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[A comparative study of individuals' responses to formative and declining groups].

Using 40 college students as subjects, this experiment was conducted to investigate differences in the influence exerted by formative groups and declining groups of the same size. No significant differences between formative and declining groups were found at the behavioural level, especially with respect to conformity rates. However, significant differences were found between the two groups at internal levels, especially with respect to the confidence exhibited in subjects' responses and the evaluation of group opinions. In formative groups, the confidence of conformers in the group increased but non-conformers showed no change. In declining groups, the confidence of non-conformers increased but conformers showed no change. Moreover, only the conformers continued to support group opinions after the groups broke down, evaluating the group opinions highly in private. The results suggested in general that individuals are influenced by group changes and that they select their own responses by anticipating changes likely to occur in the group.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Distribution and forms of fluorine in whole blood of human male.

Distribution and absolute concentration of three kinds of fluoride/fluorine, i.e., free ionic, ionizable, and organic fluorine, in human whole blood and serum were determined. The method is based on low temperature oxygen plasma ashing, acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography using chlorotrimethylsilane, and fluoride ion-specific electrode. A large part (40%) of the total F is distributed in clot of the whole blood and 74% of the total F is in the form of organic fluorine.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Granular cell ameloblastoma. A rare variant.

A rare case of granular cell ameloblastoma in the anterior mandible of a 59-year-old man has been studied by light and electron microscopy. In some areas, the tumor was very similar to an oncocytoma (oxyphilic adenoma). Almost all tumor cells were full of eosinophilic granules, whereas in the common type of granular cell ameloblastoma, only the cells located in the central portion of the tumor are granular.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1989

[A trial of mini-splint therapy for internal derangement of TMJ--application for cases without reduction by manipulation technique].

The mini-splint was applied to 21 patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) who had failed in treatment by the manipulation technique. This appliance was constructed of two splints, which were built on the bilateral upper first bicuspids (teeth number 14 & 24, FDI) by methyl-meta-acrylate. As a result, the mean of the maximum interincisal distance was improved from 25.0 mm before to 41.0 mm after splint therapy. Among 21 patients, 18 patients were improved in interincisal opening, 12 patients were free from TMJ pain, and 3 patients were relieved from joint noise. Our studies indicate that this technique is useful as one of the treatment methods of TMJ internal derangement.

Humans↗

PubMed1989

[Nursing-related activities affecting nursing technology. Nursing research].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗

PubMed1989

[Post-operative intra-arterial chemotherapy in patients with malignant bone and soft tissue tumors].

Fourteen patients with bone and soft tissue sarcoma were treated with post-operative intra-arterial chemotherapy. Three drugs (Adriamycin, vincristine, carboquone or THP-adriamycin, cisplatin, vindesine) or two drugs (cisplatin, vindesine) were used post-operatively for patients with local recurrence, patients with poor response of pre-operative intra-arterial chemotherapy or patients with intra-lesional or marginal surgical margin. Of the 14 patients treated with post-operative intra-arterial chemotherapy, 8 (57.1%) were continuously disease-free (7.1%) were disease-free after treatment of lung metastasis, 2 (14.3%) had a local recurrence and/or multiple distant metastasis, and 3 (21.4%) died with multiple distant metastases. The rate of local recurrence was 14.3%. The Kaplar-Meier disease free survival curves showed 59.6%). Evaluation of limb function were excellent or good in 9 (69.2%) of 13 patients treated with limb-saving procedures.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988