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Biomedical subjects

K Yoshikawa

Publications and source records attributed to K Yoshikawa.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Endoscopic observation for detection and monitoring of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine--induced bladder tumor in rats.

Recent advances in tumor carbohydrate biochemistry have demonstrated antitumor effects of locally administered GM3 ganglioside on mouse MBT-2 tumor. When intravesical therapy in N-butyl-N(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN)-induced rat bladder tumor is attempted, it is essential to identify the tumor, to classify its size before therapy and to monitor the effect of the therapy. To establish a more reliable experimental therapeutic system, we assessed the development of BBN-induced rat-bladder tumor by endoscopic observation. BBN-induced bladder tumors in rats were observed serially using a 4.2-F flexible fiberscope. The endoscopic findings were compared with the histopathological findings. Intravesical tumor growth varied greatly between individual rats. The smallest change detected by endoscopy was a small edematous lesion histologically proved to be papilloma. The largest nodular lesion was determined to be a papillary, transitional cell carcinoma. This noninvasive method makes the BBN rat experimental system more reliable by allowing confirmation of tumor formation and classification of the tumor volume prior to therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Characteristics of endogenous uveitis in Hokkaido, Japan.

BACKGROUND: Etiological characteristics of endogenous uveitis vary among areas and races around the world. There are few epidemiological reports on the etiology of uveitis from areas within Asia. We report statistical data on uveitis in Japan. METHODS: We reviewed all of the records of patients with endogenous uveitis who visited the Uveitis Survey Clinic of Hokkaido University Hospital in 1981 and 1994 and extended the survey to include new patients with uveitis seen over the 3-year period from 1992 to 1994. RESULTS: Bechcet's disease, sarcoidosis and Vogt-Koy-anagi-Harada disease were the three most frequently diagnosed diseases in both 1981 and 1994. The proportion of patients with unclassified uveitis decreased from 38% to 30% during the 13-year period from 1981 to 1994 as a result of the establishment of new disease categories during this time. Notable additions included human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-associated uveitis and tubuloinerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome. Sarcoidosis is now the most frequent endogenous uveitis in our clinic. CONCLUSION: Not only does the etiological basis of uveitis vary among ethnic groups but advances in clinical and basic research have changed the diagnostic approach to uveitis, altering the etiological profile over time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

An adult case of duodenal anomaly.

A distal gastrectomy reconstruction using the Billroth II procedure was performed for epigastralgia and liver dysfunction caused by a duodenal anomaly in an adult. Hypotonic duodenography revealed the duodenum to be obliterated at the junction of the second and third portion, while the third portion was joined to the first portion. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) and ultrasonography showed a normal construction of the common bile and pancreatic ducts, as well as gallstones. To prevent ingested food from the stomach from entering the obliterated second portion, a distal gastrectomy (Billroth II) was thus performed. The patient has remained asymptomatic for 4 years since surgery. A distal gastrectomy reconstructed by a gastrojejunostomy is thus considered to be an effective method for improving the symptoms caused by food stasis in the obliterated second portion of the duodenum.

Cholangitis↗
PubMed1997

Safety of ProHance in special populations.

The safety profile of ProHance in special populations was evaluated by analyzing data extracted from the database of phase I-III studies which included data on 2,656 ProHance injections of which 119 in pediatric patients, 814 in elderly patients and 30 in patients with varying degrees of renal impairment (moderate, severe or end stage requiring hemodialysis). ProHance was administered at doses ranging from 0.1 mmol/kg to 0.3 mmol/kg and was found to be safe in all patient populations irrespective of age and of pre-existing renal impairment. There appeared to be no correlation between incidence of adverse events and dose level in these special populations and the higher dose level of 0.3 mmol/kg could be safely administered also to patients with end stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis, from whom the contrast medium was rapidly and efficiently dialysed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effect of deadtime loss on quantitative measurement of cerebral blood flow with technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime.

Deadtime count loss may cause error in quantitative measurements with a gamma camera. We evaluated the effect of deadtime loss on the measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Radionuclide angiography with technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) was performed in 20 patients. A reference source was placed on the periphery of the detector to monitor deadtime loss, and CBF was calculated based on the data of radionuclide angiography with and without deadtime correction. In ten patients injected with 1110 MBq of the tracer, the CBF value without correction was 9.9%+/-1.8% higher than that with correction. This shows that deadtime loss may cause significant overestimation. The difference between CBF values obtained with and without correction was smaller in ten patients with an injected dose of 370 MBq (3.0%+/-1.2%). These results suggest a substantial effect of deadtime loss on CBF as measured by radionuclide angiography and 99mTc-HMPAO.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Technical report: coaxial catheter: a new technique for sequential spiral CT during arterial portography and hepatic arteriography.

PURPOSE: To evaluate a coaxial catheter method to sequentially acquire spiral-computed tomography (CT) during arterial portography (CTAP) and hepatic arteriography (CTA) at a single transfer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients with malignant hepatic tumours (12 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, four with metastases) were studied using spiral CT. Depending upon the vascular anatomy revealed by conventional coeliac and superior mesenteric arteriography, an outer and inner catheter were selectively placed to perform CTA and CTAP, respectively. CTAP images were obtained first, while injecting contrast material through an inner catheter followed by the acquisition of the CTA images during injection through an outer catheter. In three patients, the resected specimens were available for comparison with the imaging findings. RESULTS: In 12 patients with standard hepatic arterial anatomy, high quality images of CTAP and CTA were obtained. More lesions were detected by the combination of CTAP and CTA than by CTAP or CTA alone in five patients. In one patient with breast carcinoma and a left hepatic artery arising from the left gastric artery, numerous hepatic metastases were delineated on both sets of images. In three patients with replaced or accessory right hepatic arteries, evaluation of the whole liver was difficult on CTA. These procedures were well tolerated by all 16 patients and no complication or technical failure was experienced. CONCLUSION: These preliminary data support this new technique as a promising method of performing CTA and CTAP in patients with standard hepatic arterial anatomy with a single catheter insertion.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Pithedulosides A-G, oleanane glycosides from Pithecellobium dulce.

Seven saponins named pithedulosides A-G were isolated from the seeds of Pithecellobium dulce. Their structures were established through spectral analyses as echinocystic acid 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, echinocystic acid and oleanolic acid 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl- (1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosides and 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl -(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosides, oleanolic acid 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosy-(1-->2)-alpha-L- arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta- D-glucopyranoside, and 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6) -[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]--beta-D-glucopyranoside.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Comparison between magnetization transfer contrast and fast spin-echo MR imaging of degenerative disease of the cervical spine at 0.3 T.

We compared magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) with gradient recalled echo (GRE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fast spin-echo (FSE) MRI of the degenerative cervical spine at 0.3 T. Fifty patients with suspected degenerative disease of the cervical spine were prospectively evaluated. Multislice sagittal and axial images of the cervical spine were obtained using MTC GRE sequence [repetition time (TR)/echo time (TE)/flip angle = 750/23/25 degrees] and FSE sequence with peripheral gating (TR/effective TE = 2000-4000/120). Quantitatively, FSE showed higher signal-to-noise ratio and superior disk contrast between normal and degenerative disks, while MTC images showed superior contrast-to-noise ratio for the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) versus cord and superior CSF homogeneity. In qualitative analysis, similar results were obtained. In conclusion, FSE and MTC GRE sequences are MRI techniques of imaging the cervical spine that have different characteristics and supplement each other in the diagnostic imaging of degenerative disease of the cervical spine.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Three acylated saponins and a related compound from Pithecellobium dulce.

Four new oleanane-type triterpene glycosides, pithedulosides H-K (1-4), were isolated from the seeds of Pithecellobium dulce. Their structures were established by extensive NMR experiments and chemical methods. Compounds 1-3 comprised acacic acid as the aglycon and either monoterpene carboxylic acid and its xyloside or monoterpene carboxylic acid as the acyl moiety at C-21. The oligosaccharide moieties linked to C-3 and C-28 were determined as alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 -->6)- [beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl and alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->4)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-alpha- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, respectively. Compound 4 was established as an echinocystic acid 3-O-glycoside having the same sugar sequences as 1-3. Also obtained in this investigation was the known compound 5, which was identified as echinocystic acid 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl- (1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -->2)]- beta-D-glucopyranoside.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Prevalence of human herpesvirus-8 in skin lesions.

A putative new herpesvirus, designated Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) or human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) was recently identified in AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. The DNA sequence of the virus is homologous to the gamma-herpesviruses such as herpesvirus Saimiri or Epstein-Barr virus, both of which are tumorigenic, suggesting that this new virus may also be oncogenic. Thus, we determined whether the virus is present in other skin lesions. DNA samples from 118 skin specimens were tested for the HHV-8 sequence by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern hybridization. The sequences were detected in 13 of 21 samples from Bowen's disease, three of 11 squamous cell carcinomas, three of 11 actinic keratoses, three of seven leucoplakia, one of six from Paget's disease, one of 12 malignant melanoma, one of seven neurofibromas, two of seven chronic dermatites and one of 14 normal skin samples. On sequencing the PCR products, new mutation points were detected. These results suggest that the virus is associated with lesions other than Kaposi's sarcoma and may be more widespread than expected (with a latent level too low to be detected), like the other herpesviruses. Some lesions. e.g. in Bowen's disease or squamous cell carcinoma, may be locally immunosuppressed, allowing the virus to replicate until the copy number is sufficient for detection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Effects of short-term administration of sublingual nifedipine on coronary arterial wall elastic properties: evaluation by intravascular ultrasound.

Intravascular ultrasound is suited to measure coronary cross-sectional anatomy. Therefore the regional coronary wall elasticity was evaluated by examining the response to nifedipine. In 20 patients, coronary ostial pressure (P) and intravascular ultrasound images were simultaneously recorded before and after sublingual administration of 10 mg nifedipine. We identified the perimeter of the vessel wall, with normal or atherosclerotic plaque, on ultrasound image. At the atherosclerotic site, we measured segmental perimeter (S) for each normal or plaque segment. The ratio of the individual segment length (delta S/delta P) and cyclic variation of cross-sectional area (delta A/delta P) per mm Hg increase in P were calculated. Nifedipine decreased pressure (133/79-120/73 mm Hg) and increased heart rate (79-82 beats/min). After nifedipine, delta A/delta P increased from 8.5 +/- 10.2 x 10(-3) to 16.5 +/- 14.4 x 10(-3) mm2/mm Hg at 20 normal sites (p = 0.005) but was unchanged at 17 atherosclerotic sites (6.6 +/- 7.0 x 10(-3) to 6.7 +/- 7.1 x 10(-3) mm2/mm Hg). Nifedipine increased delta S/delta P in normal segments (4.5 +/- 8.7 x 10(-3) to 9.9 +/- 10.9 x 10(-3) mm/mm Hg; p = 0.02) but produced no change in segments with calcified or soft plaque (-1.1 +/- 0.3 x 10(-3) to 1.4 +/- 1.6 x 10(-3) mm/mm Hg and 5.0 +/- 3.6 x 10(-3) to 6.1 +/- 4.8 x 10(-3) mm/mm Hg, respectively). This study demonstrated that nifedipine increases regional coronary arterial elasticity at normal segments but not at that containing mildly atherosclerotic segment, and likely that the arterial wall function indicated by the response to nifedipine was impaired at an early stage of atherosclerosis.

Administration, Sublingual↗
PubMed1997

Vitamin C abrogates the deleterious effects of UVB radiation on cutaneous immunity by a mechanism that does not depend on TNF-alpha.

Acute low-dose treatment of murine skin with ultra violet B (UVB) light impairs induction of contact hypersensitivity (CH) to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) in certain inbred strains of mice (termed UVB-susceptible), but not in others (termed UVB-resistant), and promotes tolerance. These deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) are mediated in part by TNF-alpha, which is released from UVR-exposed epidermal and dermal cells. Because UVR damage to skin has also been ascribed in part to the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (OH-), and singlet oxygen ((1)O2), we investigated whether vitamin C (ascorbic acid), which can nullify ROIs, prevents the deleterious effects of UVR on the cutaneous immune system. We found that epicutaneous application of vitamin C (10% L-ascorbic acid solution) abrogated the deleterious effects of acute low-dose UVR on induction of CH and prevented the induction of tolerance. Vitamin C, however, did not reverse the effects of TNF-alpha on CH induction and tolerance. These results indicate that (i) ROIs generated intracutaneously by UVR contribute to the impaired ability of exposed skin to support the induction of CH and to promote the induction of tolerance and (ii) these effects are not dependent on TNF-alpha.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

PCR-RFLP analysis as an aid to genetic counseling of families of Japanese patients with group A xeroderma pigmentosum.

Because Japanese patients with complementation group A xeroderma pigmentosum (XP-A) show early skin cancer and severe neurologic dysfunction, their family members are greatly concerned about the risk of inherited disease. In contrast to western XP-A patients, almost all Japanese XP-A patients have two of the three mutations (nonsense mutation in exon 3, splicing mutation in intron 3, and non-sense mutation in exon 6), which are easily detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. This work was aimed to see whether PCR-RFLP analysis is useful for genetic counseling of XP patients' siblings who are potential carriers of an XP-A gene mutation. In two of the three case studies presented, the probands were homozygous for the splicing mutation in intron 3 of the gene. In their siblings receiving genetic counseling, no mutation was found in the mutation site in one case, and one splicing mutation was found in the second case. In the third case, the proband was a compound heterozygote for the splicing mutation and for an unidentified mutation; in her sibling, no mutation was found in either of these mutation sites. No mutation was found in the siblings' spouses. On the basis of these findings, we reassured the prospective parents that there was little probability of having XP children, but in the second and third cases, we told them that their apparently unaffected children might be carriers. Each couple subsequently had one unaffected child. Thus, PCR-RFLP analysis is useful for genetic counseling of family members of XP-A patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A case of tuberous sclerosis with a giant angiofibroma.

This is a case study of tuberous sclerosis with unusually large facial angiofibromas. The patient had other intense skin manifestations. Histological findings in the angiofibroma included large and glial-appearing cells specific for this disease. Karyotype analysis revealed a translocation of chromosome (12q-, 15q+).

Adult↗
PubMed1997

OK-432 therapy for recalcitrant warts.

Twelve patients with warts recalcitrant to various treatment, including cryotherapy, were treated with OK-432 injection therapy. Six patients received only subcutaneous injection, three received only intralesional injection, and the other three received both subcutaneous and intralesional injections. Complete clearing of the warts occurred in nine (75%) of 12 patients, while the other three patients were not cured. Grouping the patients by the method of injection, the success rate of subcutaneous injection was 5/9 (55.6%), and that of intralesional injection was 4/6 (66.7%). Although five patients complained of mild fever and malaise, these side effects gradually disappeared during the repeated injections. OK-432 injection is considered as a hopeful therapy for recalcitrant warts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

A case of Paget's disease of the vulva recurring in a musculocutaneous flap.

A case of Paget's disease of the vulva which recurred in a reconstructed gracilis musculocutaneous flap without invasing adenocarcinoma is presented. The recurrent lesion was seen in the basal layer of the epidermis of the flap without invasion into the dermis. The possibility of an intraepidermal lateral invasion of Paget's cells into the epidermis of the flap is suggested.

Aged↗