[Visual display and measurement of blood flow by DSA].
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Angiography↗
Biomedical subjects
K Yano
Publications and source records attributed to K Yano.
Dietary potassium and stroke.
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Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
Membrane-stabilizing effect of vitamin E: effect of alpha-tocopherol and its model compounds on fluidity of lecithin liposomes.
The effects of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) and its model compounds on the fluidity of liposomes composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) and fatty acids were investigated by the measurement of the fluorescent polarization (P) using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) as a plobe. Although all tocopherols decreased the fluidity of liposomes which was perturbed by the inclusion of an unsaturated fatty acid having more than one double bond, alpha-tocopherol was more effective than the others. The fluidity in arachidonic acid-containing liposomes was decreased most in the presence of alpha-tocopherol and was decreased considerably by the inclusion of model compounds having a side chain at least one isoprene unit or a long straight chain instead of isoprenoid side chain. However, the chromanol with methyl group instead of the above side chain, and phytol, having no chromanol moiety, had no effect. These results show that a structural requirement for a membrane stabilization is to be either the chromanol moiety with methyl groups born on its aromatic ring or a side chain of appropriate length; an isoprenoid side chain of full length or one containing 4'a- and 8'a-methyl groups is not necessarily needed.
Arachidonic Acid↗
Complex glycerol kinase deficiency: molecular-genetic, cytogenetic, and clinical studies of five Japanese patients.
Five male Japanese patients with complex glycerol kinase deficiency (CGKD) and their relatives were studied clinically, cytogenetically, and molecular-genetically. All patients had muscular dystrophy or muscle weakness, mental retardation, congenital adrenal hypoplasia, and glycerol kinase deficiency. High-resolution GTG-banded chromosomes showed a microdeletion in the Xp21 region in all four patients examined and in all five mothers. Southern hybridizations, after digestions by restriction endonucleases, with various cloned DNAs (D2, 99-6, B24, C7, L1-4, cDMD13-14, J66-HI, P20, J-Bir, ERT87-30, ERT87-15, ERT87-8, ERT87-1, XJ-1.1, 754, cx5.7, and OTC-1) that are located around Xp21 also showed a deletion in the genome of all patients and mothers. Although the deletion differed in size among patients, a segment commonly absent was located between the genomic sequences corresponding to L1-4 and cDMD13-14. This finding indicated that the gene coding for glycerol kinase (GK) is located within this segment. A comparison of the clinical manifestations of the present five patients and reported CGKD or Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients with DNA deletion suggests the existence of a certain gene responsible for gonadotropin deficiency (GTD). The result of the present study and results of previous studies suggest that genes for ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), DMD, and GK and putative genes responsible for congenital adrenal hypoplasia (AHC) and GTD are arranged from telomere to centromere as pter--GTD--AHC--GK--DMD--OTC--cen.
Adolescent↗
Construction of promoter-probe vectors for Candida maltosa, a n-alkane-assimilating yeast, using the LEU2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
For the purpose of isolation of promoter regions which are regulated by a carbon source in the medium in an n-alkane-assimilating yeast, Candida maltosa, two promoter-probe vectors were constructed. Each of them consists of the LEU2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae whose 5'-noncoding region was trimmed with BAL31, an autonomously replicating sequence isolated from C. maltosa genome (the TRA region) which we have previously isolated, and the pBR322 sequence. One of them, pPLC2, having the TATA box, lacks the regulatory sequence ("sequence L") of the LEU2 gene, and the other, pPLC1, lacks both the TATA box and sequence L. Using pPLC1 as a short-gun cloning vector in C. maltosa, many promoter regions which were active when glucose was present in the medium as a carbon source were obtained from the genome of C. maltosa. The sizes of the inserted fragments of two of them were determined. (In this paper, a promoter region refers to a promoter which includes a TATA box, plus a regulatory sequence such as an UAS (upstream activating sequence)-like sequence).
Candida↗
Serum sex hormone levels and myocardial infarction in the Honolulu Heart Program. Pitfalls in prospective studies on sex hormones.
It has been hypothesized that hyperestrogenemia may underlie myocardial infarction. As a test of this hypothesis, the serum estradiol and testosterone levels were estimated in samples collected prospectively from 96 male patients aged 52-74 years [mean age 60.8 +/- 6.3 (SD)] who had had a myocardial infarction and from 96 matched control subjects in the Honolulu Heart Program. Established risk factors for myocardial infarction were measured prospectively. No significant difference between patients and control subjects in mean estradiol or testosterone level was observed. The only established risk factor that was significantly different was blood pressure, which was higher in the patients. Thus, the data did not confirm the hypothesis. However, two major pitfalls for prospective studies of estradiol in myocardial infarction, which might have affected the validity of the results, were observed, namely, deterioration of estradiol values with prolonged storage (8.5-12 years in this study) and intervention. The value of this study, therefore, may lie in pointing out difficulties in carrying out prospective studies on sex hormones.
Aged↗
The predictive value of resting electrocardiograms for 12-year incidence of coronary heart disease in the Honolulu Heart Program.
The predictive value of electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities at baseline for subsequent risk of fatal and total coronary heart disease (CHD) was analyzed in a 12-year follow-up of 7682 men in the Honolulu Heart Program aged 45-68 who were free of CHD at baseline. Univariate analysis showed that men with major or minor ECG abnormalities, ST depression, high R wave, T-wave inversion, left ventricular hypertrophy or strain and premature ventricular contractions had considerably higher (2-10 fold) CHD incidence rates than those with normal ECG. When blood pressure, cigarette smoking, body mass index, alcohol use, physical activity, serum glucose, serum cholesterol, serum uric acid, age and years lived in Japan were taken into consideration through multivariate analysis, the ECG abnormalities retained significant associations with fatal and total CHD. This study demonstrated that resting ECG abnormalities were independent predictors of both total and fatal CHD.
Aged↗
An ovum capture inhibitor (OCI) in endometriosis peritoneal fluid: an OCI-related membrane responsible for fimbrial failure of ovum capture.
The present study was conducted to assess the mechanism of in vitro interference with fimbrial ovum capture by the ovum capture inhibitor (OCI) which we have recently demonstrated in endometriosis peritoneal fluid (PF). A golden hamster oviduct exposed to either endometriosis or nonendometriosis PF for 20 minutes at 37 degrees C was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Exposure of the oviduct to endometriosis PF reduced fimbrial activity of ovum capture and developed an OCI-related membrane on the fimbria, by which fimbrial cilia were completely concealed. This was not the case for nonendometriosis PF. Subsequently, an oviduct having been exposed to endometriosis PF was retrogradely flushed, by which the OCI-related membrane was ballooned and removed. The flushed oviduct resumed its activity of ovum capture. The OCI-related membrane appeared a cause of OCI interference with fimbrial ovum capture by preventing the contact between the fimbrial cilia and the cumulus oophorus.
Adult↗
Reactions of ultimate carcinogens with cell membranes: importance of carbamoylation of phosphatidylethanolamine by the carcinogens.
The strong carcinogens, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) react with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in chicken erythrocyte ghosts or rat kidney cells, whereas a weak carcinogen, methyl methanesulphonate (MMS), does not. The reactions of these agents with commercial PE were also carried out and their reactivities were compared with their carcinogenic potencies. When compared with the amount of PE of the blank, 64%, 18% and 0% of PE were reacted with MNNG, MNU and MMS respectively. This indicated that MNNG is approximately 4 times more reactive than MNU, while MMS does not react with PE, correlating with their tumorigenic potencies on mouse skin. A positive correlation was also observed between the reactivity of a series of N-methyl-N'-aryl-N-nitrosoureas (I-X) to PE and their tumorigenicity. In the case of the nitrosoureas, the reactions proceeded through carbamoylation of the amino group in PE by the isocyanates generated from the agents. Furthermore, many isocyanates also reacted with PE just as the strong carcinogens did. Our present results suggest that both alkylation of DNA and reaction with cell membranes would be required for the formation of transformed benign cells. For progression of the benign to malignant cells, further alkylation of DNA would be required, and the carcinogenic potency of the agents may result from a combination of both reactions.
Animals↗
A comparison of the 12-year mortality and predictive factors of coronary heart disease among Japanese men in Japan and Hawaii.
The mortality and predictive factors of coronary heart disease among men of Japanese ancestry in Japan and Hawaii were compared on the basis of 12 years follow-up data using comparable methods of case ascertainment and risk factor measurements. Among 1,687 men (Japan) and 7,536 men (Hawaii) who were free of coronary heart disease and aged 45-69 at baseline examination in 1965-1968, 20 (Japan) and 123 (Hawaii) cases of fatal coronary heart disease were identified. The age-adjusted mortality rate was 40% higher in Hawaii than in Japan. The difference was not statistically significant, but consistent with earlier studies. More than half of this difference in mortality rate was attributed to different levels of known risk factors in the two cohorts. In multivariate analysis using the combined population, age, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, serum glucose, cigarette smoking, and alcohol intake (inversely) remained as significant predictors of coronary heart disease mortality. Although the associations of risk factors with coronary heart disease tended to be stronger in Hawaii than in Japan, there was no statistically significant difference in regression coefficient for any of the risk factors studied. These findings cannot be claimed to be definitive because of the small number of cases, especially in Japan.
Actuarial Analysis↗
Primary structure of a base non-specific ribonuclease from Rhizopus niveus.
The primary structure of a base non-specific ribonuclease from Rhizopus niveus (RNase Rh) was determined by nucleotide sequence analysis of the DNA fragment encoding RNase Rh gene including signal peptide sequence, and amino acid sequence analysis of the peptide obtained from RNase Rh and RNase Rh' (a protease-modified RNase Rh created during the course of purification). The sequence determined was: MKAVLALATLIGSTLASSCSSTA LSCSNSANSDTCCSPEYGLVVLNMQWAPGYGPANAFTLHGLWPDKCSGAYAPSGGCDSN RASSSIASVIKSKDSSLYNSMLTYWPSNQGNNNVFWSHEWSKHGTCVSTYDPDCYDNYE EGEDIVDYFQKAMDLRSQYNVYKAFSSNGITPGGTYTATEMQSAIESYFGAKAKIDCSSG TLSDVALYFYVRGRDTYVITDALSTGSCSGDVEYPTK (the sequence of signal peptide is underlined). The sequence indicates that the homology with the sequence of RNase T2 from A. oryzae with the same base specificity is about 42% and that the sequences around the two histidine residues which are supposed to be involved in the active site are fairly conserved.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Multiple forms of growth inhibitors secreted from cultured rat liver cells: purification and characterization.
It was found that a non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line from the liver of a Buffalo-strain rat (BRL) secreted into the culture medium various inhibitors of the growth of BRL and RSV-BRL (tumorigenic BRL transformed by infection of Rous sarcoma virus). The secreted inhibitors were classified into two types: one inhibited the growth of BRL to a greater extent than that of RSV-BRL (non-tumorigenic BRL growth inhibitor, NGI), and the other, vice versa (tumorigenic BRL growth inhibitor, TGI). Two NGI (NGI-I and NGI-II) and two TGI (TGI-I and TGI-II) were highly purified from the serum-free conditioned medium. In sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without 2-mercaptoethanol, NGI-I and II gave protein bands with molecular weights (Mr) of 56,000 and 21,000, respectively. TGI-I and II gave a band that migrated faster than bromophenol blue marker dye, but they did not pass through an ultrafiltration membrane with an Mr cutoff of 5,000. In the presence of a reducing reagent, only NGI-II showed a decrease of Mr, from 21,000 to 11,000. NGI and TGI showed 50% growth inhibition with BRL and RSV-BRL, respectively, at 5-15 ng/ml in the medium containing 10% fetal calf serum. NGI and TGI all were stable to 1 M acetic acid (pH 2.3) and 6 M urea, but labile to 5 mM dithiothreitol or trypsin. Of the eight cell lines tested, NGI-I was most effective on BRL, NGI-II on BRL and HSC-3 (human tongue squamous carcinoma), and both TGI-I and II on RSV-BRL.
Animals↗
Further application of supratrochlear vessels to facial repair.
We performed transplantations of cranial bone and scalp using the supratrochlear vessels as a pedicle. We confirmed that these vessels could be used for moving the tissues between the eyebrow and the coronal suture.
Adult↗
Cartilage formation from perichondrium in a diffusion chamber.
Autologous perichondrial grafts from rabbits' ears in diffusion chambers resulted in the formation of cartilage. This clearly revealed that neither blood clots nor the ingrowth of capillaries is essential for perichondrial neochondrogenesis.
Animals↗
Isolation and sequencing of a genomic clone encoding aspartic proteinase of Rhizopus niveus.
A gene encoding Rhizopus niveus aspartic proteinase was isolated from an R. niveus genomic library by using oligonucleotides probes corresponding to its partial amino acid sequence, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. By comparing its deduced amino acid sequence with the amino acid sequence of rhizopuspepsin (5, 26), we concluded that the R. niveus aspartic proteinase gene has an intron within its coding region and that it has a preproenzyme sequence of 66 amino acids upstream of the mature enzyme of 323 amino acids.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Predictive value of resting electrocardiograms for 12-year incidence of stroke in the Honolulu Heart Program.
The importance of electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities at baseline examination for subsequent risk of stroke was analyzed in a 12-year follow-up of 7,560 men in the Honolulu Heart Program, aged 45-68 years, who were free of coronary heart disease and stroke at baseline. Age-adjusted univariate analysis showed that men with major ST depression, left ventricular strain, left ventricular hypertrophy, major T wave inversion, and overall major ECG abnormalities had considerably higher (2.5-5.4 times) incidence rates of both thromboembolic and hemorrhagic stroke than those with normal baseline ECG. When blood pressure, age, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, fat intake, serum glucose concentration, serum uric acid concentration, years of education, and years lived in Japan were taken into consideration through multivariate analysis, the ECG abnormalities retained a significant relation with stroke. Our study demonstrates that resting ECG abnormalities are independent predictors of both thromboembolic and hemorrhagic stroke.
Aged↗
A prospective study of cerebral artery atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis in the circle of Willis and its major branches was studied prospectively in 198 men in the Honolulu Heart Program who were free of cardiovascular disease at the entry examination. The level of atherosclerosis was greater in the large arteries of the circle of Willis than in the small arteries, and autopsy-verified cerebral infarction was strongly associated with increasing severity of atherosclerosis in both. Analyses of the association of atherosclerosis scores with biologic and lifestyle characteristics measured at entry into the study indicated that atherosclerosis in the large arteries was consistently related to age, diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and height (inversely). Weak trends of association were also found with increasing serum glucose concentration, increasing cigarette use, and decreasing alcohol intake. Atherosclerosis scores in the small arteries were associated with diastolic blood pressure and serum triglyceride concentration. Analysis of dietary intake indicated that atherosclerosis scores were higher for men who reported low intakes of fat and animal protein and high intakes of vegetable protein and total carbohydrates. These patterns were consistent with similar findings on the incidence of clinical stroke in this cohort. Age-adjusted and -specific atherosclerosis scores from both the large and small arteries declined significantly during the period 1965-1983.
Age Factors↗
Correlates of FEV1 and prevalence of pulmonary conditions in Japanese-American men.
Correlates of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the prevalence of pulmonary disease and symptoms were examined in 6,346 Japanese-American men 45 to 68 yr of age. There was a significant inverse dose-response relationship between FEV1 and cigarette smoking measured as pack-years, number of cigarettes, or number of years smoked. Ex-smokers had FEV1 values that were intermediate to the higher values for nonsmokers and the lower values for current smokers. Among current smokers, inhaling and starting to smoke at a younger age were associated with lower values of FEV1, independent of pack-years. FEV1 was also correlated with a variety of other biologic and sociobehavioral variables, even after removing the effects of smoking. These variables included skinfold thickness, dynamometry, hematocrit, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure. When compared with Caucasian populations, these Japanese-American men had low prevalence rates of airflow obstruction and pulmonary disease symptoms.
Aged↗