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Biomedical subjects

K Yano

Publications and source records attributed to K Yano.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Interactive effects of verapamil and sympathetic nerve stimulation on the sinus and AV nodes in the canine hearts.

The interactive effects of verapamil and sympathetic nerve stimulation on the sinus and atrioventricular (AV) nodes were studied in 33 bilaterally stellectomized and vagotomized dogs. Sinus cycle length (SCL) and AV nodal conduction time (AH) at a constant drive cycle length (600 msec) were recorded. Sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS) was performed for 40 sec by electrical stimulation of the right stellate ganglion. Several doses of verapamil (0.5-2.0 microgram/ml, 1.0 ml) were injected directly into the sinus and AV node arteries at 20 sec of SNS. In addition, SNS was repeated at two different intensities after verapamil administration. Verapamil significantly increased the SCL and the AH in a dose dependent fashion, which was reduced by SNS. The reductions of SCL and AH by the SNS were attenuated in the presence of verapamil when the stimulation intensity was weak, but not when the stimulation intensity was strong. It is concluded that verapamil and sympathetic nerve activity interact antagonistically on the sinus node automaticity and AV nodal conduction.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Cryptotia: morphometric characteristics and statistical observations].

PURPOSE: In the present study we made actual measurements of the normal and affected auricles of patients with unilateral cryptotia and performed a comparative statistical analysis. We also made a compilation of our own cases and other cases reported in Japan, and reported the results of our statistical analyses. METHODS: The subjects of this survey were 36 patients who came to our outpatient clinic with a chief complaint of cryptotia between 1983 and 1990. Measurements of auricle were made according to the Martin method. We also compiled all cases of cryptotia reported in the Japanese literature to date in which the sex of the patients and affected side were clearly recorded and reviewed associated abnormalities and familial occurrence. RESULTS: Auricle measurements of auricle showed the vertical axis of the affected auricle to be significantly shorter than normal, revealing severe shortening of the upper 1/3 of the auricle. There was no statistically significant difference between the normal and affected auricles on the horizontal plane. The results of our compilation of reports in the literature to date show a male-female ratio of 2:1, a right-left-bilateral ratio of 5:2:3, the presence of other anomalies in 9.2% (7/76), and familial occurrence in 6.4% (15/236). CONCLUSIONS: (1) Based on measurements of auricle, cryptotia is defined as a deformity of the upper 1/3 of the auricle and is produced by the sum total of force vectors operating inferiorly and medially. Moreover, based on the data obtained as a result of the measurements performed in this study, there was greater deformity along the vertical axis, and the downward vector was obviously stronger than the inward vector. (2) There were 3 cases of unilateral cryptotia with an adhesion-like deformity of the helix in the normal ear, and the theory that the upper portion of the auricle becomes embedded secondary to cartilage deformity seemed plausible. (3) A compilation of cases in Japan showed a male-female ratio of 2:1 and a right-left-bilateral ratio of 5:2:3, differing little from the ratios in our cases. (4) Familial occurrence in our cases was found in the patient's mother of 2 cases and a male cousin and uncle in 1 case each, suggesting a strong hereditary influence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Temperature-gradient DNA probe chromatography of nucleic acids on nonporous supports.

Temperature-gradient DNA probe chromatography of nucleic acids on a nonporous support with a homogeneous particle size of 2.5 microns showed a higher base sequence discriminating power and a larger linear capacity than that on a porous support with a larger and less homogeneous particle size. The resolution on the nonporous support was high enough to separate samples with a single-base mismatch of the less destabilizing groups, including G-G and G-T base mismatches, even when it locates very near the end of the probe.

Chromatography, Affinity↗
PubMed1992

[Investigation of two cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the esophagus].

A 59-year-old man and a 55-year-old man with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the esophagus are presented. They were also treated with esophagectomy but whose prognosis were significantly different. The former has been still alive for 3.5 years and the later died at 7 months after the operation. In the patient with good prognosis, the tumor was 1.6 x 1.2 cm in size and pathologically invaded muscularis propria (mp) with no metastases to lymph nodes (pathological stage I). It has been reported that the prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the esophagus is poorer than that of other histological type of carcinomas. However, it is suggested that if the tumor can been resected when it is small in size with no metastases, it will be able to expect for good prognosis as in this presentation.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic↗
PubMed1992

Effects of the new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor imidapril on renal hemodynamics and function in anesthetized dogs.

The effects of a new angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, imidapril hydrochloride ((-)-(4S)-3-[(2S)-2- [[(1S)-1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl]amino]propionyl]- 1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, imidapril, TA-6366, CAS 89396-94-1) and of its active metabolite, 6366 A (CAS 89371-44-8) on renal function were studied in anesthetized dogs and compared to the effects of enalapril and its active metabolite, enalaprilat. Intravenous (i.v.) administration of 6366 A at 30 micrograms/kg strongly inhibited angiotensin I-induced renal vasoconstrictive and pressor responses. 6366 A promptly lowered blood pressure and renal vascular resistance, and caused clear increases in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. It also increased urine volume and urinary excretion of sodium and chloride. These renal effects were also produced by intraduodenal (i.d.) administration of 2 mg/kg of imidapril. However, the effects of i.d. imidapril began later, developed gradually and reached a plateau after 2 to 3 h. Enalaprilat (30 micrograms/kg i.v.) and enalapril (2 mg/kg i.d.) had renal effects similar to 6366 A and imidapril. In conclusion, the ACE inhibitor imidapril has beneficial effects on renal function via its active metabolite, and the effects appear to be essentially identical to those of enalapril.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1992

Endocarditis caused by Candida parapsilosis.

The authors report a case of endocarditis caused by Candida parapsilosis. To the best of our knowledge, a case has not been described previously in Japan in the English literature. A battery of 8 peroxidase-labeled lectins was tested on sections of paraffin-embedded tissue to determine which lectin could be used in the microscopic diagnosis of C. parapsilosis. One lectin, from Archis hypoaea (PNA) was found to react with C. parapsilosis. On the other hand, C. albicans, Aspergillus, Mucor, and Cryptococcus did not react with A. hypoaea (PNA). On fluorescence microscopic study, C. parapsilosis was not fluorescent, but other fungi were fluorescent when exposed to ultraviolet illumination. Therefore, we propose new procedures for identification of C. parapsilosis in tissue sections using lectin histochemistry and fluorescence microscopy.

Candidiasis↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of exercise training on restoration of residual myocardial ischemia after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty].

The effects of exercise training on the restoration of hibernating myocardium after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) were evaluated. Symptom-limited treadmill exercise with thallium-201 myocardial single photon emission CT (SPECT) was performed at one and 13 weeks after PTCA in 15 patients with training and in 15 control patients without training who had no restenosis on repeat angiography. For quantitative analysis, counts for the regions of interest (ROI) were calculated in the hypoperfused area on the polar map. Percent T1 uptake was determined by dividing counts of the hypoperfused area by counts of a normal reference area on the initial image (%IU) and delayed image (%DU). The difference between %DU and %IU, defined as percent redistribution (%RD), was a parameter of residual ischemia in the hypoperfused area. %DU increased significantly in the trained group (65 +/- 11 to 73 +/- 9.3%, p < 0.01) and in the untrained group (66 +/- 14 to 70 +/- 15%, p < 0.05). %RD decreased significantly in the trained group (6.3 +/- 3.2 to 2.8 +/- 2.3%, p < 0.01); whereas, there was no significant change in the untrained group (6.1 +/- 2.8 to 5.2 +/- 3.8%). These findings suggest that, after successful PTCA, exercise training helps alleviate myocardial ischemia, probably by fostering the promoting effects which restore the hibernating myocardium.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[A new polar map to quantify reversible area by myocardial 201Tl single photon emission computed tomography and clinical application to patients before and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty].

In the studies of stress 201Tl single photon emission computed tomography, we have developed a computer method to discriminate reversible from irreversible defect, then quantify each area and display the area on the polar map. Initial percent uptake (%Ui) and delayed percent uptake (%Ud) were expressed as percent of the maximum uptake area and were defined as regional myocardial 201Tl uptake in initial and delayed image, respectively. The %Ud/%Ui ratio was defined as redistribution ratio (RD-ratio). The values of %Ui obtained from each pixel of short axis slices were plotted against the values of RD-ratio on XY co-ordinates. In this graphic display, normal area, ischemic viable area and non viable area were separated by the following four lines. A; The straight line (Y = 2.0-0.012X) indicating the relationship between %Ui and RD-ratio for the group with ischemic viable myocardium. B; The parallel line to A and shifted to -1.5 SD from A. C; The vertical line at 67.0% level (ischemic upper level). D; The vertical line at 27.6% level (viable lower level). Each area was discriminated by color display and calculated relative area values were displayed on the polar map. Criteria for discriminating each area were derived from the results of ischemic pre-transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) lesions (n = 21) in which viability was confirmed by successful PTCA and previous results of 66 cases with single vessel disease and 16 cases of control group. This new computerized technique was applied for evaluation of another group with successful PTCA (n = 15).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Immunological activities of monoclonal IgG1 antibody against Trypanosoma gambiense.

The present paper deals with the immune reaction between a monoclonal IgG1 antibody and Trypanosoma gambiense. The aggregation of trypanosomes, immune adherence to macrophages and protection against infection are associated with the antibody. IgG1-mediated clumping of trypanosomes is readily dissociated by the addition of complement. Dissociation of the clumped trypanosomes in the equivalence area released approximately fifty percent of previously bound surface antigens. These antigens were capable of binding again to new IgG1 antibody. Complement deposition rendered bivalent IgG1 antibody in the immune complex functionally univalent. Such an event in the presence of complement is of great advantage to the infected host in killing pathogens in vivo, as it allows more antibodies to attach to surface antigens and subsequently to initiate complement activity.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1992

Diversity of complement-mediated immune reaction to Trypanosoma gambiense.

Intact and papain-treated Trypanosoma gambiense clone populations, each expressing special antigens on their cell surfaces, were mixed with rabbit antiserum in the presence of complement. Two distinct types of immune reaction between trypanosomes and antisera were observed: clumping followed by dissociation (CD) and inhibition of aggregation (IA). Special antigens on the cell surface of trypanosomes exposed after papain digestion are implicated in both types of immune reaction. IA was considered to be more effective as an immunological response which would allow the infected host to clear the pathogen without any obstruction of capillaries and impairment of blood flow caused by clumping masses of trypanosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A study of complications of hepatic arterial infusion catheter].

We studied complications of the infusion catheter, which were implanted in the hepatic artery under laparotomy, and then connected with an implantable infuser port in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 32) and metastatic liver tumor (n = 11). Infuse-A-Port catheter was used for 31 cases (A group), and Anthron P-U catheter for 12 cases (B group). In B group, the cannulation method was changed; the catheter was placed in the hepatic artery via the gastroduodenal artery, which was ligated and cut to prevent kinks in the catheter. In the A group, 17 cases (54.8%) showed complications such as dislocation of the catheter tip (7 cases) including penetrating duodenal ulcer (2 cases), arterial occlusion (6 cases), injury of catheter (2 cases) and occlusion of the infuser port (2 cases). One case, however, having a fistula between the hepatic artery and the duodenum, died of sudden massive bleeding. In the B group, 3 cases (25.0%) showed complications such as dislocation of the catheter tip (1 case) and arterial occlusion (2 cases). The catheter in B group lasted longer than that in A group. Thus, our cannulation technique using Anthron P-U catheter may decrease the catheter complications.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed1992

[Treatment of cardial varicose bleeding by trans-ileocolic vein obliteration combined with endoscopic injection sclerotherapy].

In the past 4 years, 11 patients with cardial varix bleeding were experienced. The cardial varices were of 2 types, nodular and serpentine. The nodular varices were caused by gastro-renal shunt and the site of bleeding often existed on the posterior wall. The serpentine cardial varices were an extension of esophageal varices, and the site of bleeding was often on the lesser curvature. The nodular varices had an abundant blood flow. When EIS was performed to these varices independently, the time of contact with the sclerosing agent was so short that no therapeutic effect was obtained. For the purpose of decreasing the blood flow in these varices, TIO was performed first and then EIS was used in the treatment of four cases of nodular varix bleeding. Hemostasis was obtained in two of the four cases with TIO alone, and after the addition of EIS a good hemostatic and varix-reducing effect was noted in all four cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Automated microanalysis of creatinine by coupled enzyme reactions.

Hydrogen peroxide was generated from creatinine by the sequential enzyme reactions of creatinine amidohydrolase, creatine amidinohydrolase and sarcosine oxidase. Hydrogen peroxide was, in turn, used stoichiometrically for the condensation of 4-aminoantipyrine and N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-m-toluidine catalyzed by horse-radish peroxidase, resulting in the formation of quinone dye with maximum absorbance at 546 nm. The optimized assay conditions for the enzymatic determination of creatinine in a HITACHI 7250 autoanalyzer was established. This system, which requires less than 5 microliters of sample, was found to be the most economical for laboratories equipped with autoanalyzers.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1991

Sequences of two tandem genes regulated by carbon sources, one being essential for n-alkane assimilation in Candida maltosa.

Several n-alkane-inducible clones were isolated from the genomic library of an n-alkane-assimilation yeast, Candida maltosa, by the differential hybridization method. Among these, one of the most predominantly expressed clones was analyzed. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned DNA fragment showed that it contained two open reading frames, one encoding a protein of 127 amino acids (aa) and the other a protein of 276 aa. The former was named POX18Cm, because the sequence was highly homologous to that of the Candida tropicalis gene, POX18, which already had been identified as encoding a small oleate-inducible peroxisomal protein. The latter, named ALI1, had no homologous sequences in the EMBL database (1990 release). Northern-blot hybridization indicated that the expression of these two genes was regulated by carbon sources in the media. From gene-disruption experiments, it was concluded that ALI1 was essential for assimilation of n-alkane by C. maltosa.

Alkanes↗
PubMed1991

Predictors of arteriographically defined coronary stenosis in the Honolulu Heart Program. Comparisons of cohort and arteriography series analyses.

The purpose of this study was to determine if the major risk factors for clinical myocardial infarction also predicted coronary artery stenosis as defined by arteriography. Of a cohort of 7,591 men who were free of cardiovascular disease at entry, 357 had arteriographic studies during a 20-year follow-up period. Risk factor levels were therefore known prior to the onset of clinical symptoms and arteriographic studies. Men with arteriograms were divided into groups with and without prior clinical myocardial infarction. High blood pressure, serum cholesterol, obesity, and low alcohol intake predicted both severe coronary stenosis and incident myocardial infarction, thus indicating that these variables were associated with clinical events through the underlying process of atherosclerosis. Dietary intake of cholesterol and serum glucose also had similar but not always statistically significant patterns of association with both coronary stenosis and myocardial infarction. In contrast, serum triglyceride and cigarette smoking predicted clinical myocardial infarction, but not severe coronary stenosis. This suggests that these variables play a stronger role in the precipitation of acute clinical events than in the underlying process of atherosclerosis. The findings were quite different for several risk factors when analyzed in a case-control format using the arteriography series from this same data set. Examination of possible explanations for the differences raises questions concerning the use of arteriography series for etiologic studies of coronary atherosclerosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of hip fracture incidence among native Japanese, Japanese Americans, and American Caucasians.

Hip fracture incidence rates among men and women of Japanese ancestry living on Oahu, Hawaii, from 1979 to 1981 were compared with rates for Japanese living on Okinawa, Japan, from 1984 to 1985. Both rates were further compared with those for various American Caucasian populations, including that of Rochester, Minnesota, from 1978 to 1982. Age-specific and cumulative (age 50-84 years) hip fracture rates among persons of Japanese ancestry were approximately half that of Caucasians for both sexes. Although diet and other cultural attributes of the Oahu group have become more westernized than the Okinawan population, there were no detectable differences in hip fracture rates between Oahu and Okinawa Japanese. Additional studies are needed to determine whether the observed differences in fracture rates between Caucasians and Japanese might be related to differences in bone mass, body size, frequency of falls, or other factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Anticerebral antibodies in functional psychoses.

Anticerebral antibodies to rabbit brain were investigated by the indirect immunofluorescence method in the sera of 44 schizophrenics and 52 depressives diagnosed according to DSM-III-R, and of 54 healthy volunteers. Four types of staining pattern were observed: type A (nerve cells), type B (blood vessels), type C (nuclei), and type D (glial cells); 34.1% of schizophrenics (27.3% after the absorption with rabbit liver acetone powder) showed type A, as compared with 3.8% (1.9% after the absorption) of depressives and with none of the controls.

Adult↗