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Biomedical subjects

K Yamashiro

Publications and source records attributed to K Yamashiro.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Usefulness of MRA in an infant with cerebral infarction due to streptococcal meningitis].

We described a 4-month-old boy with cerebral infarction due to streptococcal meningitis. He complained of cough and high fever for 2 days. On the next day he admitted to our hospital because of bad humor, drowsiness, and vomiting associated with high fever, respiratory failure and loss of consciousness. On admission, he had opisthotonic posturing, anisocoria and elevated deep tendon reflexes with left side dominance. The cerebrospinal fluid showed increased cells (564/mm3), protein (295 mg/dl), and decreased sugar (1 mg/dl). Streptococcus pneumoniae was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid. Despite intensive treatment by antibiotics, glycerol, and dexamethasone, general condition was worsened, MRI showed a high intense area along the territory of bilateral anterior cerebral arteries and left middle cerebral artery 3-D time-of-flight MRA revealed a decreased signal of these arteries, confirming cerebral infarction. Recanalization of the arteries were observed 17 days after the first MRA examination. Since complication of cerebral infarction influences the prognosis of meningitis, repetitive MRA is very beneficial in patients with bacterial meningitis in order to evaluate the vascular lesion.

Cerebral Infarction↗
PubMed1995

Serum concentrations of IL-5, GM-CSF, and IL-3 and the production by lymphocytes in various eosinophilia.

The concentrations of interleukin-5 (IL-5), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor GM-CSF, and interleukin-3 (IL-3) in serum and in IL-2-stimulated lymphocyte culture medium (L-IL2-CM) prepared from patients with reactive eosinophilia were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum IL-5 levels were increased in 16 out of 42 cases. GM-CSF and IL-3 were below the detectable levels in all sera examined. The concentrations of IL-5 and GM-CSF in L-IL2-CM were increased in 10 out of 29 patients. IL-3 was below the detectable levels in all L-IL2-CM.

Angioedema↗
PubMed1995

Prognostic significance of an interface pattern of central fibrosis and tumor cells in peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Fifty-nine surgically resected pulmonary adenocarcinomas were histologically classified into four types (A, B, C, and D) according to the pattern of invasion, ie, the extent of invasive tumor cell growth in the interface zone between alveoli replaced by cancer cells and the central region of fibrosis (so-called "scar"). In pattern A cancer cells proliferate along the alveolar walls without forming a frankly invasive lesion. In pattern B invasive lesions occupy less than 30% and in pattern C more than 30% of the fibrosing area. Pattern D refers to invasion of the bronchial lumen by cancer cells. The 59 tumors included 14 of pattern A, 12 of pattern B, 16 of pattern C, and 17 of pattern D. The 5-year survival rate for patients with pattern A tumors was 100%, and the rates for patients with pattern B, C, and D tumors were 64.2%, 30.0%, and 11.8%, respectively. Each difference between pairs of survival curves was statistically significant (P < .05). We found a correlation between the pattern of invasion and other prognostic factors. However, even in the cases evaluated as favorable by other prognostic factors (stage I, tumor less than 35 mm in diameter, negative for lymph node metastases, well-differentiated histology, negative for subpleural invasion, negative for vascular invasion) the survival curves became steeper going from pattern A to patterns B, C, and D. We conclude that the pattern of invasion is correlated with the prognosis of surgically treated patients. Our study may provide new histological criteria for the prognostic evaluation of pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[A case of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder].

We reported a case of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the bladder in a 62-year-old man admitted to our hospital because of intermittent macroscopic hematuria. Under the diagnosis of invasive bladder tumor, the patient underwent radical cystectomy and construction of an ileal conduit. Microscopic examination showed a tumor composed of spindle cells that are arranged in a storiform pattern reminiscent of that seen in malignant fibrous histiocytoma without any component of obvious epithelial tumors. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the spindle cells were positive for cytokeratin and we diagnosed the tumor as sarcomatoid carcinoma. The patient has remained well without any evidence of recurrence for 30 months after radical cystectomy. The distinction between sarcomatoid carcinoma that lacks conventional epithelial component and MFH is very difficult and important.

Carcinosarcoma↗
PubMed1994

Increase of hepatic mRNAS of profilin, actin and extracellular matrix proteins after carbon tetrachloride treatment and partial hepatectomy in rats.

The synthesis of liver collagen increases during the fibrotic process after administration of carbon tetrachloride and during regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats. In the present study, we investigated the behavior of profilin and actin mRNA under such conditions. Profilin and actin mRNA increased after acute and chronic treatments of carbon tetrachloride, which is associated with the increase of fibronectin, type-III and -IV collagen mRNA. Furthermore, a simultaneous expression of profilin, actin and extracellular matrix proteins was observed during the regeneration of rat liver, that is, all mRNAs of these proteins showed biphasic peaks around 6 h and 48 h after partial hepatectomy. These results suggest that possible coupling might occur between the changes of extracellular matrix and the reorganization of actin cytoskeleton in vivo.

Actins↗
PubMed1994

IL-5 mRNA expression in blood lymphocytes from patients with Kimura's disease and parasite infection.

Blood lymphocytes from patients with eosinophilia are known to produce interleukin-5 (IL-5) with appropriate stimulation in vitro. To determine whether blood lymphocytes from these patients produce IL-5 in vivo, we tested the IL-5 mRNA expression in blood lymphocytes immediately after separation by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. We found that lymphocytes from eosinophilic patients expressed IL-5 mRNA, but lymphocytes from normal volunteers did not express the lymphokine. These findings suggest that in patients with eosinophilia, peripheral blood lymphocytes produce IL-5 in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Changes in portal hemodynamics and hepatic function after partial splenic embolization (PSE) and percutaneous transhepatic obliteration (PTO).

Since April 1985, we have performed a multidisciplinary therapy consisting of partial splenic embolization (PSE), percutaneous transhepatic obliteration (PTO) or transileocolic vein obliteration (TIO), and endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) for patients with severe gastroesophageal varices and those with a portacaval shunt associated with portal hypertension. In this study, PSE and percutaneous transhepatic portography (PTP) were performed at the same time in seven liver cirrhosis patients with hypersplenism, gastroesophageal varices, or hepatocellular carcinoma. The changes in portal blood flow/pressure and hemodynamics were examined by a thermodilution method. The effects of PSE on blood biochemical parameters such as the platelet count, ICG R15, redox tolerance index (RTI), and oral glucose tolerance test (75 g OGTT) were also evaluated. PSE induced a decrease in the blood flow of the splenic artery and in the splenic vein pressure without decreasing the portal blood flow. The platelet count in the peripheral blood and the RTI increased significantly. These results suggest the possibility that PSE may reduce the potential perioperative risk in hepatocellular carcinoma complicated with liver cirrhosis.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1994

Neurons with high-frequency discharge in the central nervous system in chronic pain.

Prior to implantation of the thalamic- or motor cortex-stimulating electrodes for relieving chronic pain, extracellular unitary activity was recorded and local microstimulation was done, by using microelectrodes, mainly in the ventral caudal nucleus of the thalamus. A significant number of high frequency discharge neurons (hyperactive neurons) were recorded and showed three types of discharge patterns with different interval histograms. In animal experiments, unilateral dorsal root sectioning from C5 to Th1 of male Wistar rats was made according to the method of Lombard et al[4]. One to three months after the operation, cellular activity was recorded from the contralateral thalamic nuclei (VP, zona incerta), lemniscus medialis and striatum. Hyperactive neurons were recorded from the thalamic nuclei and lemniscus medialis. The firing patterns and distribution of hyperactive neurons in these animals were very similar to those of humans. Hyperactive neurons were examined via electrical stimulation of and/or iontophoretical application of chemical substances. Hyperactive neurons were unaffected by electrical stimulation of the nucleus raphe dorsalis and locus ceruleus. However, sensorimotor cortical stimulation showed a reduction of firing in the hyperactive neurons. Iontophoretic application of glutamate showed increase in firing and GABA showed remarkable firing suppression. These results suggested that hyperactive neurons of the thalamic nuclei receive a facilitatory effect from the sensorimotor cortex with little influence from adrenergic or serotonergic systems, and these neurons have a relationship to the glutamatergic and GABAergic fibers or receptors.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1994

Establishing diagnosis of pulmonary malignant lymphoma by gene rearrangement analysis of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

We report the successful application of gene rearrangement analysis to the lymphocytes obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for the diagnosis of pulmonary malignant lymphoma. A 45-yr-old female patient who had been suffering from back pain was shown to have macroglobulinemia and pulmonary infiltrative shadow by chest radiography. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed a small B-cell infiltrate with monotypic immunoglobulin expression (IgM/kappa light chain), and malignant lymphoma was highly suspected. BAL was performed to evaluate the cell profiles. The phenotyping of lavaged lymphocytes by flow cytometry revealed that the major component of the lymphocytes was CD3-positive T cells, and that CD21-positive B cells accounted for only 10% of all lymphocytes. This result was contradictory to the immunohistochemical population of lymphocytes in biopsied specimens. However, gene analysis of lavaged lymphocytes revealed positive immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangement and negative immunoglobulin light chain and T-cell receptor rearrangement, suggesting that B cells making up a minor population of lavaged lymphocytes were proliferating monoclonally. Thus, in this case, gene analysis was an effective procedure for detecting the origin of tumor cells and distinguishing monoclonality from reactive accumulations. To our knowledge, this case represents the first reported application of gene rearrangement analysis to cells obtained by BAL. The sensitivity and usefulness of this analysis for the accurate evaluation of pulmonary lymphoproliferative lesions, when applied to BAL cells, should be emphasized.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1994

[Sequential change of cerebral angiography in a case of cerebral angiitis following herpes zoster ophthalmicus].

Delayed neurological symptoms and signs following herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) such as "Delayed contralateral hemiplegia with HZO" are supposed to be due to ipsilateral intracranial angiitis and ischemic disorder. We experienced a rare case with ipsilateral cerebral hemorrhage following HZO. Under the diagnosis of cerebral angiitis associated with HZO, we treated her conservatively and observed sequential change of angiography for four months. A 54-year-old female, who had been treated for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), developed HZO on left ophthalmic nerve area. Seven weeks after the onset of HZO, she complained of headache, mild right hemiparesis, and disturbance of consciousness. Computed tomography revealed subcortical hemorrhage at the left temporo-occipital lobe. Cerebral angiography showed vascular irregularities such as segmental narrowing and sausage-like dilation on proximal portion of the ipsilateral anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries. Same findings were seen on peripheral portions of the posterior cerebral artery on the same side. Moreover sequential angiograms showed appearance of an aneurysm in the left middle cerebral artery (M2 potion). Under the diagnosis of cerebral angiitis associated with HZO, she was treated with antiviral agents, antiplatelet drugs, steroid and stellate ganglion block. Those irregularities were found to diminish on the sequential angiograms, and the aneurysm disappeared four month later.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1993

Purification of soluble murine interleukin 5 (IL-5) receptor alpha expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and its action as an IL-5 antagonist.

Recombinant soluble murine interleukin 5 receptor alpha (sIL-5R alpha) was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and its biological activity was characterized. By using murine IL-5-coupled Sepharose, the single step purification method of the protein was established. The purified protein inhibited the murine IL-5-induced differentiation of BCL1 cells into immunoglobulin M-secreting cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, it also inhibited murine IL-5-induced but not human IL-5-induced proliferation of TF-1 cells. These results indicated that sIL-5R alpha acted as an IL-5 antagonist and apparent species specificity of IL-5 action on murine cells was mediated, at least in part, by the alpha-chain of the IL-5 receptor.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

An attempt to substitute the cell binding domain of human fibronectin in lambda phage J protein: computer design and expression.

We superimposed hydropathic indexes of the human fibronectin cell binding domain (CBD) on the lambda phage J protein by computer, and substituted 22 amino acids from the fibronectin CBD for a part of the lambda phage J protein. The fibronectin cell binding domain -Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser- (-RGDS-) localizes at the junction of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. We selected a similar hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic junction in the J protein region for substitution. This junction corresponds to 150 bp of the PstI fragment of J protein cDNA. We synthesized 150 bp of the relevant PstI fragment that includes the cell binding domain region. The region was then constructed by serial cloning as an expression vector, pJCBD. The vector pJCBD expressed the fused protein named JCBD (M(r) 32 kDa) in E coli XL1-BLUE. The expressed JCBD protein was identified by Western blot analysis in the extract of the pJCBD carrying bacterial lysate using both rabbit anti-lambda phage antiserum and anti-CBD of fibronectin antibody. The JCBD protein appeared to recognize retinoblast cell membrane RGDS-directed receptors, detected by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay and also by binding competition assay with synthetic pentapeptides, Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) and Gly-Arg-Gly-Glu-Ser (GRGES). The former competitor inhibited completely fibronectin CBD-dependent binding activity of JCBD, the latter had no inhibitory activity. These results suggest that certain functional proteins engineered by computer design between human fibronectin cell binding domain and lambda phage J protein can be produced.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Stereotactic thalamotomy for dystonic patients.

A total of 54 patients (22 females and 32 males) with dystonia underwent thalamotomy. These patients consisted of 25 dystonia musculorum deformans (DMD) and 29 secondary dystonia cases. All of the patients were analyzed prospectively. Preoperative and postoperative symptoms were compared and grade. The target areas of thalamotomy were the ventral intermediate (Vim) and posterior ventral oral (Vop) nuclei. 59% of the patients showed more than 25% improvement, 23% were slightly improved cases (less than 25%), and 16% showed no change or their symptoms had worsened.

Dystonia↗
PubMed1993

[A case of middle ear carcinoma with high plasma G-CSF level].

Malignant tumors sometimes yield a variety of paraneoplastic syndrome. We report a case of middle ear cancer demonstrating unusual granulocytosis which was considered to belong to this syndrome. A patient, 67-year-old male, noticed left facial nerve palsy in June 1989, and was operated on under the diagnosis of chronic otitis media. However, middle ear tumor was suspected during the operation, which was confirmed to be squamous cell carcinoma. He was referred to our hospital for radiotherapy. Six months after irradiation, spontaneous liqorrhea due to the dural necrosis occurred. When intracranial repair of dura was performed, tumor invasion into the dura was noticed. Subtotal resection of the temporal bone with iridium implant was done in vain to control the recurrent tumor, which spread quickly to adjacent tissues. A month before the death, progressive granulocytosis without appreciable inflammatory signs started. Numbers of WBC rapidly increased, maximally reaching 88,300/cmm. Plasma G-CSF concentration was assayed at this time, showing about ten times as much as that of normal controls. It was thus postulated that production of this substance by the tumor was responsible for granulocytosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Expression of myeloid cell phenotypes by a novel adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma cell line.

BACKGROUND: Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) can infect a number of cells of different lineages in vitro, yet the immunophenotypes of most adult T-cell leukemia/lymphomas (ATLs) are restricted to CD4+. The apparent discrepancy between these findings is still largely unknown. PURPOSE: We report on a unique case of ATL in which the leukemia cells were positive for both T-cell and myeloid cell antigens. To characterize these cells, we isolated cell lines from this patient with ATL. METHODS: The fresh leukemia cells were cultured without the addition of interleukin-2. Cell cloning was carried out by limiting dilution. RESULTS: A cell line (MU) and its clonal sublines were established. MU cells showed the same chromosomal abnormalities and T-cell receptor beta-chain gene rearrangement pattern as those of fresh leukemia cells. MU cells were exclusively positive for a myeloid cell marker (CD13) but not for T-cell markers, despite the presence of T-cell receptor gene rearrangement. CONCLUSION: The established ATL cell line showed both T-cell and myeloid cell characteristics, which seems to be the first evidence for the close association of ATL cells with both lymphoid and myeloid features. The cell line may provide a new insight for the targets of HTLV-1 infection and transformation in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Triple cancers in the urogenital area of a patient with aplastic anemia.

Three epithelial neoplastic lesions, perineal Bowenoid papulosis, uterine cervical carcinoma, and bladder transitional cell carcinoma, which occurred in a mildly immunosuppressed patient who had aplastic anemia were studied for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In the Bowenoid papulosis, HPV type 16 DNA was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by in situ hybridization (ISH). In contrast, in the uterine cervical carcinoma, HPV 16 was not detected, although possibly another unidentified type of HPV in the lesion was suggested by the ISH findings. In the bladder transitional cell carcinoma, neither papillomavirus genus-specific (PGS) antigen nor HPV DNA was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Simultaneous expression of T-cell and myeloid cell phenotypes in eight newly established HTLV-I-positive T-cell lines.

Eight cell lines were established from patients with adult T-cell leukemia, and from normal adults, by cocultivation with human T-cell leukemia virus type I(HTLV-I)-producer cell lines in the presence of interleukin-2. All of these cell lines harbored HTLV-I and showed T-cell markers CD2, CD3 and CD4, but not B-cell markers. Unexpectedly, all eight cell lines expressed a myeloid marker CD13 and three of the eight lines also expressed another myeloid marker CD33. Dual staining showed the simultaneous expression of CD3 and CD13 on the same cells. Thus, evidence was obtained for the expression of myeloid antigens on HTLV-I-harboring T cells.

Adult↗