Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Yamaguchi

Publications and source records attributed to K Yamaguchi.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Toxicity study of sodium N-[2-[4-(2,2-dimethylpropionyloxy) phenylsulfonylamino] benzoyl] aminoacetate tetrahydrate (ONO-5046.Na) (3). 4-week repeated dose intravenous toxicity study in dogs with 4-week recovery test].

4-week repeated dose toxicity study with 4-week recovery test of sodium N-[2-[4-(2, 2-dimethylpropionyloxy) phenylsulfonylamino] benzoyl] aminoacetate tetrahydrate (ONO-5046.Na), a novel neutrophil elastase inhibitor, was conducted in beagle dogs. The dogs of both sexes were administered ONO-5046.Na intravenously at a daily dose of 0 (vehicle control), 7.5, 15 or 30 mg/kg. In the 15 mg/kg female group and the 30 mg/kg male and female groups, transient hypoactivity and ataxic gait were observed. It is considered that these symptoms were attributed to the pharmacological effect of ONO-5046.Na. Also, in the 30 mg/kg male and female groups, erythrocyte, hematocrit and hemoglobin were decreased. In the 30 mg/kg male group, lung weight was increased. However, histopathological examination revealed there were no changes in any organs including the lungs. There were no treatment-related changes in body weights, food consumption, ophthalmology, occult blood in feces, urinalysis, blood chemistry, electrocardiography, blood pressure, temperature, pulse rate, hepatic and renal function or necropsy. These results indicate that the NOAEL of ONO-5046.Na in dogs in 15 mg/kg/day for both sexes in this study.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Toxicity study of sodium N-[2-[4-(2,2-dimethylpropionyloxy) phenylsulfonylamino] benzoyl] aminoacetate tetrahydrate (ONO-5046.Na) (4). 6-month repeated dose intravenous toxicity study in rats with 1-month recovery test].

A 6-month repeated dose toxicity study with 1-month recovery test of sodium N-[2-[4-(2,2-dimethylpropionyloxy) phenylsulfonylamino] benzoyl] aminoacetate tetrahydrate (ONO-5046.Na), a novel neutrophil elastase inhibitor, was conducted in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats of both sexes were administered ONO-5046.Na intravenously at a daily dose of 0 (vehicle control), 18.75, 37.5 or 75 mg/kg. ONO-5046.Na did not affect clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, opthalmology, urinalysis, hematology, blood chemistry, organ weight, necropsy or histopathology at any dose. These results indicate that the NOAEL of ONO-5046.Na in rats is 75 mg/kg/day for both sexes in this study.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Liddle's syndrome in an elderly woman.

A 78-year-old woman with hypertension was hospitalized with acute bronchitis. However, she was also found to have hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis. Detailed examination showed a low plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration. A provisional diagnosis of Liddle's syndrome was established and the patient was successfully treated with triamterene. Although Liddle's syndrome is generally considered an inherited hypertensive disease found in young people, a review of the literature indicated that muscle weakness is an important clinical finding in elderly patients with this disease. Liddle's syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypertension even in elderly individuals.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Failed hip prostheses in hemodialysis patients. Amyloid deposition at the bone-implant interface in 4 cases.

4 hemodialysis patients with failed bipolar hip prostheses underwent 6 revision arthroplasties. Their average age was 55 years, the average duration of hemodialysis was 14 years and the average interval from the primary arthroplasty to revision was 7 years. The interface membranes revealed amyloid deposits in all specimens. There were few polyethylene wear particles, and cement debris or foreign body reactions were rare. It appears that amyloid may cause osteolysis and early prosthetic loosening.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The NGFI-B subfamily of the nuclear receptor superfamily (review).

NGFI-B, Nurr1 and NOR-1 have structural features of ligand-activated transcriptional regulators and constitute the NGFI-B subfamily within the nuclear receptor superfamily. Since specific ligands for these molecules have not yet been identified, they are often called orphan nuclear receptors. Genes of the NGFI-B subfamily are classified as immediate-early genes that are induced rapidly but transiently by a variety of stimuli. Evidence accumulated over the past decade suggests this subfamily is involved in important physiological processes and cancer development. In this communication, we summarize and discuss their structural features, gene expression, physiological roles and oncological significance.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical results of transurethral ureterolithotripsy using pulsed-dye laser: primary ureteral stones versus secondary ureteral stones after ESWL].

Between September 1993 and December 1996, 138 patients underwent transurethral ureterolithotripsy (TUL) either as primary treatment or as a second-line therapy after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. In all patients, a semirigid 6.0 F ureteroscope was used. Lithotripsy was performed using a pulsed-dye laser. The overall success rate was 82.6%. The success rates according to the location of stones were as follows, 76.9% for stones in the upper ureter (U1), 96.0% for those in the midureter (U2), and 86.2% for those in the distal ureter (U3). In 68 patients treated with TUL as primary therapy, the success rate was 88.2% and efficiency quotient, which was modified for TUL was 0.75. Complications were rare: no ureteral perforations and no major bleeding occurred, but urosepsis developed in 2 patients. In conclusion, transurethral ureterolithotripsy using a small caliber ureteroscope with pulsed-dye laser is recommended as the primary treatment for mid- and distal ureteral stones, because of its superior success rate. In addition, for upper ureteral stones, laser tripsy is recommended as a helpful auxiliary procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical statistics on inpatient operations during a 27-year period at the Department of Urology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital].

Statistical observations of the inpatient operations at our department during the 27-year period from 1970 to 1996 revealed the following: A total of 9,287 operations were performed, comprising 7,488 males and 1,799 females. Operations for urolithiasis numbered 3,646 (39.3%) which was the most frequent, followed by operations for urological malignancies, 2,038 (21.9%) and for prostatic hyperplasia, 1,596 (17.2%). In the last decade, the number of operations for malignancies, prostatic hyperplasia, and especially for urolithiasis has increased. However the number of operations on pediatric cases has shown a marked decrease. Thanks to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic medical modalities, including ultrasound, computed tomographic scans, endoscope and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, the frequency of early cancer has thus increased, and the surgical procedure of choice has dramatically shifted to minimally invasive surgery.

Female↗
PubMed1998

[In vitro antibacterial activities of cefteram and other beta-lactam agents against recent clinical isolates].

In vitro antibacterial activity of the third-generation oral cephem cefteram (CFTM)--ten years after its first use in the clinical setting--against recent clinical isolates was evaluated and compared with those of other oral cephems. A total of 851 clinical isolates belonging to 13 species used in this study were collected from five medical institutions across Japan during 1996. CFTM showed excellent antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and S. pyogenes, equivalent to those of other third-generation oral cephems, except cefixime. Of the S. pneumoniae strains, a high proportion, 34.1%, were penicillin-resistant strains (PRSP), with MIC values of 2.0 micrograms/ml or above, but the MIC50 of CFTM against PRSP was 1.0 microgram/ml. CFTM and the other third-generation oral cephems showed potent antibacterial activity against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis. A few strains of E. coli, however, were highly resistant to third-generation oral cephems; that might include extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing strains. MIC values against P. vulgaris varied significantly, depending on whether they were determined by the broth micro-dilution method or the agar dilution method; growth was observed at high concentrations in the broth micro-dilution method, in which the skip phenomenon was demonstrated, but not in the agar dilution method. The reason for this discrepancy is unknown. Most strains of S. marcescens, C. freundii, and E. cloacae demonstrated resistance to CFTM and the other third-generation oral cephems. CFTM and the other third-generation oral cephems showed excellent antibacterial activities against M. (B.) catarrhalis, N. gonorrhoeae, and H. influenzae, including ampicillin-resistant strains.

Ampicillin Resistance↗
PubMed1998

[The clinical significance of plasma tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) levels in severe acute or fulminant hepatitis].

We studied the tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) levels in the plasma of patients with acute hepatitis (AH), severe acute hepatitis (AHs) and fulminant hepatitis (FH). Plasma t-PA levels were measured consecutively on the first, third and seventh days of hospitalization. Plasma t-PA levels were markedly higher in AHs and FH than in AH (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively) on the first day, but did not differ significantly between AHs and FH on this day. The t-PA levels decreased markedly on the third and seventh days in AHs (both p < 0.05), but did not change from the first day to the third and seventh days in FH. The t-PA levels on the third and seventh days were higher in FH than in AHs (both p < 0.05). There was a significant increase in the plasma t-PA level before an episode of encephalopathy in FH compared with levels in AHs. These observations suggest that t-PA level may be useful as a prognostic parameter in patients with acute hepatic injury.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1996). I. Susceptibility distribution].

The frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 680 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 10 hospitals during the period of June 1996 to May 1997. Of the above bacterial isolates, Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 30.4% and a majority of them were Enterococcus faecalis. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 69.6% and most of them were Escherichia coli. Susceptabilities of several isolated bacteria to antimicrobial agents were as followed; 1. Enterococcus faecalis Ampicillin (ABPC) showed the highest activity against E. faecalis isolated from patients with UTIs. Its MIC90 was 1 microgram/ml. Imipenem (IPM) and vancomycin (VCM) were also active with the MIC90S of 2 micrograms/ml. The others had low activities with the MIC90S of 16 micrograms/ml or above. 2. Staphylococcus aureus including MRSA Arbekacin (ABK) and VCM showed the highest activities against both S. aureus and MRSA isolated from patients with UTIs. The MIC90S of them were 1 or 2 micrograms/ml. The others except minocycline (MINO) had low activities with the MIC90S of 32 micrograms/ml or above. 3. Staphylococcus epidermidis ABK and VCM showed the strongest activities against S. epidermis isolated from patients with UTIs. The MICs for all strains were equal to or lower than 2 micrograms/ml. Cefazolin (CEZ), cefotiam (CTM) and cefozopran (CZOP) were also active with the MIC90S of 4 micrograms/ml. Compared with antimicrobial activities of cephems is 1995, the MIC90S of them had changed into a better state. They ranged from 4 micrograms/ml 16 micrograms/ml in 1996. 4. Streptococcus agalactiae All drugs except MINO were active against S. agalactiae. ABPC, CZOP, IPM, and clarithromycin (CAM) showed the highest activities. The MICs for all strains were equal to or lower than 0.125 micromilligrams. Tosufloxacin (TFLX) and VCM were also active with the MIC90S of 0.5 micromilligrams. 5. Citrobacter freundii Gentamicin (GM) showed the highest activity against C. freundii isolated from patients with UTIs. Its MIC90 was 0.5 micrograms/ml. IPM and amikacin (AMK) were also active with the MIC90S of 1 microgram/ml and 2 micrograms/ml, respectively. Cefpirome (CPR) and CZOP were also active with the MIC90S of 8 micrograms/ml. The MIC90S of the others were 16 micrograms/ml or above. 6. Enterobacter cloacae IPM showed the highest activity against E. cloacae. The MICs for all strains were equal to or lower than 0.5 microgram/ml. The MIC90S of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) and TFLX were 1 microgram/ml, the MIC90 of AMK was 2 micrograms/ml, the MIC90S of CZOP, GM and ofloxacin (OFLX) were 4 micrograms/ml. The MIC50S of cephems except CEZ, cefmetazole (CMZ) and cefaclor (CCL) had changed into a better state in 1996, compared with those in 1995. 7. Escherichia coli All drugs except penicillins and MINO were active against E. coli. Particularly CPR, CZOP and IPM showed the highest activities against E. coli. The MIC90S of them were 0.125 microgram/ml or below. Among E. coli strains, those with low susceptibilities to cephems except CEZ, cefoperazone (CPZ), latamoxef (LMOX) and CCL have increased in 1996, compared with those in 1995. 8. Klebsiella pneumoniae K. pneumoniae was susceptible to all drugs except penicillins, with the MIC90S of 2 micrograms/ml or below. CPR had the strongest activity, the MICs for all strains were equal to or lower than 0.25 microgram/ml. Flomoxef (FMOX), cefixime (CFIX), CZOP and carumonam (CRMN) were also active with the MIC90S of 0.125 microgram/ml or below. 9. Pseudomonas aeruginosa All drugs except quinolones were not so active against P. aeruginosa with the MIC90S were 32 micrograms/ml or above. Quinolones were more active in 1996 than 1995. The MIC90S of them were between 4 micrograms/ml and 8 micrograms/ml, and the MIC50S of them were between 1 microgram/ml and 2 micrograms/ml. 10. Serratia marcescens GM showed the highest activity against S. marcescens. Its MIC90 was 1 micro

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1996). II. Background of patients].

Clinical background was investigated on patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) from whom 752 bacterial strains were isolated in 10 hospitals during the period from June, 1996 through May, 1997. 1. Distribution of age and sex of patients and type of infections. Among males, those with ages 40 years or older were more frequent, the higher the ages of them. Among females, those with ages in the 60's were the most frequent (24.6%), and those with ages in the 20's, 40's and 50's were about 13%. With regard to type of infections, more than a half of infections among males with ages 30 years or older were of complicated types, but most of infections among females were of uncomplicated types, especially among females of ages less than 60 years. 2. Ages of patients and types of pathogens. The higher the ages of patients, the lesser became the isolation frequencies of Escherichia coli, but the higher were those of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp. 3. Effect of antibiotic use on isolation frequencies of pathogens. Use of antibiotics decreased pathogens isolated from patients with uncomplicated UTIs drastically (231 isolates before antibiotics compared to 60 after). Even isolated pathogens from patients with complicated UTIs decreased drastically with the use of antibiotics when indwelling catheters were not in use (193 isolates before antibiotics compared to 75 after), but when indwelling catheters were in use, antibiotics apparently failed to decrease the isolation frequency. 4. Surgical procedures and types of causative organisms for UTIs. From cases of uncomplicated UTIs, E. coli was the most frequently isolated, followed by Enterococcus Faecalis and Klebsiella spp. E. coli was the most frequently isolated organism from complicated UTIs without indwelling catheters. When a surgical procedures were not done, E. coli was isolated most frequently. From cases of complicated UTIs with indwelling catheters, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and E. faecalis were the organisms that were mainly isolated, with isolation frequencies of 23.2%, 15.2, 12.2, respectively. When no surgical procedures were used, isolation frequencies of P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis and Enterobacter spp. were 17.2%, 13.8%, 13.8%, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1996), III. Secular changes in susceptibility].

Susceptibilities to various antimicrobial agents were examined for Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa that were isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 10 hospitals during June 1996 to May 1997, and the results were compared with those obtained during the same period in earlier years. 1. E. faecalis Among E. faecalis strains, those with high susceptibilities to ampicillin and minocycline appeared to have decreased in the latest study period. 2. S. aureus To almost antimicrobial agents, S. aureus isolated from uncomplicated UTIs showed low susceptibilities. But the MIC50s of those agents for S. aureus from complicated UTIs have changed better state. Particularly, the MIC50s of imipenem and clindamycin were 0.125 microgram/ml or below in the latest period for the first time in our history. 3. E. coli The susceptibilities to piperacillin and quinolones of E. coli isolated from uncomplicated UTIs were better than those isolated from complicated UTIs. 4. Klebsiella spp. The susceptibilities to almost antimicrobial agents of Klebsiella spp. have been better during the latest period, compared to those during period of 1995-1996, but to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin have appeared to have been lower. 5. P. aeruginosa The susceptibilities to quinolones of P. aeruginosa have been better during the latest period compared those during periods of 1995-1996. But, the susceptibilities to cefozopran, carbapenems and monobactams of P. aeruginosa isolated from complicated UTIs appeared to have been lower. These susceptibility changes should be utilized in determining clinical treatments.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

[E 4021, a cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is a selective pulmonary vasodilator in chronically hypoxic pulmonary hypertensive rats].

To test whether a potent cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, E 4021, is a selective pulmonary vasodilator in pulmonary hypertension, we studied its acute hemodynamic effects in conscious, chronically hypoxic pulmonary hypertensive rats. Chronically hypoxic pulmonary hypertension was induced by keeping adult Sprague-Dawley rats in a hypobaric chamber for 3 weeks. Two days after catheterization. E 4021 was injected intravenously at doses of 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, and 1,000 micrograms/kg at 10-min intervals. E 4021 caused significant decreases in mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 11 +/- 5, 12 +/- 6, and 18 +/- 5% at doses of 100, 300, and 1,000 micrograms/kg, respectively. In contrast to its depressor effect on mean pulmonary arterial pressure, E 4021 decreased mean systemic arterial pressure significantly (by 9 +/- 2%) at a dose of 1,000 micrograms/kg only. Heart rate and cardiac output were unchanged after the administration of E 4021. Tissue cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity was markedly higher in lung than in aorta. These results indicate that E 4021 is a relatively selective pulmonary vasodilator in chronically hypoxic pulmonary hypertensive rats. We conclude E 4021 may be useful for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.

3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1998

[Acute exacerbation of subacute interstitial pneumonia after thoracoscopic lung biopsy].

A 55-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with progressive dyspnea that had begun one month before. Chest rentogenogram revealed groundglass appearance and reticular shadows bilaterally. Pulmonary function tests showed both decreased vital capacity and diffusing capacity. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid had a high lymphocyte fraction with a low CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Thoracoscopic lung biopsy revealed thick, fibro-edematous interstitium and diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes. We also observed an intra-alveolar exudate with infiltration of histiocytes and lymphocytes. The clinical features and pathological findings were consistent with subacute interstitial pneumonia, which was the entity proposed by Kawabata and colleagues. The patient developed acute respiratory failure four days after lung biopsy and died despite steroid pulse therapy. Although subacute interstitial pneumonia has been reported to respond to steroid therapy, and to have a good prognosis, we believe that subacute interstitial pneumonia could fatally worsen when associated with lung biopsy, infection, or some other stimulus.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

[Estimated prevalence rate of HTLV-I uveitis in Chikugo].

To estimate the prevalence rate of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) uveitis, an epidemiological survey was carried out in the Chikugo District of Fukuoka Prefecture between 1 September and 31 October 1995. The survey was done by sending questionnaires on uveitis patients to all ophthalmological institutes in the district and measuring the serum antibody to HTLV-I. The recovery rate of the survey was 39 of 48 institutes (81.3%). A total of 357 patients with uveitis were reported in the survey, of whom 317 (88.8%) were tested for their seropositivity to HTLV-I. Among them, 18 patients were counted as having HTLV-I uveitis (HU) on 1 October 1995. Based on these data together with the age- and sex-specific population of HTLV-I carriers in the Chikugo District, it was estimated that the crude prevalence rates of HU per 100,000 HTLV-I carrier population were 58.6 in males, 152.0 in females, and 112.2 in both sexes. The prevalence rate of HU was slightly higher than that of HTLV-I associated myelopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Antimicrobial activity of macrolides against clinical isolates].

Antimicrobial activity of 6 macrolides was determined using a micro-broth dilution method, against 535 clinical isolates of 22 species, which were isolated in 1996 from 325 facilities in Japan. Results were as follows. 1. In general, antimicrobial activities of 14-membered macrolides were higher than those of 16-membered macrolides. The antimicrobial activities of 14-membered macrolides were in the order of clarithromycin (CAM), erythromycin (EM), roxithromycin (RXM). Among 16-membered macrolides, rokitamycin (RKM) was the most potent, josamycin (JM) was next potent followed by midecamycin (MDM). More numbers of highly-resistant strain of > 100 micrograms/ml were recognized in 14-membered macrolides than in 16-membered macrorides. 2. Most of S. pyogenes (group A) strains were distributed in the susceptible range and almost none was found in the resistant range. 3. S. pneumoniae strains were distributed widely from the susceptible range to the highly resistant range, and as high as 37.1% fell into the high resistance of > 100 micrograms/ml range. 4. Against Peptostreptococcus spp. and MRSA, 16-membered macrolides were more effective than 14-membered macrorlides, and their antibacterial activities were in the order of RKM, JM, MDM. Ratio of high-resistant strains of > 100 micrograms/ml against 14-membered macrolides was much higher than that against 16-membered macrolies. 5. Most of M. (B.) catarrhalis strains were distributed in the susceptible range of < or = 1.56 micrograms/ml, and most of H. influenzae strains were distributed within the moderately resistant and the resistant ranges. 6. In M. (B.) catarrhalis and H. influenzae, no correlation between macrolide resistance and beta-lactamase production was recognized. 7. Most of C. jejuni strains were susceptible to all macrolides used in this study.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗