Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Yajima

Publications and source records attributed to K Yajima.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Anterior pituitary hormone in severe head injury--with special reference to the GH, TSH, LH and FSH response to TRH and LH-RH].

Measurement of the serum level of anterior pituitary hormones (GH, TSH, LH and FSH) and the response of these hormones to their releasing hormones were made in 45 uncomplicated head injury patients within 24 hours after injury. We classified these 45 patients into three groups according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale of six months after head injury, such as good outcome group (GR or MD), poor outcome group (SD or PVS) and dead group. The serum level of the anterior pituitary hormones in dead group were higher than those in the good or poor outcome group, especially the level of GH. The serum level of GH was 14.7 +/- 3.0 ng/ml in the dead group, whereas 5.8 +/- 0.9 ng/ml in the good outcome group and 4.0 +/- 2.1 ng/ml in the poor outcome group. The response of TSH, LH or FSH to the administration of TRH or LH-RH were depressed in the dead group. On the other hand, there were normal response of TSH, LH or FSH following administration of TRH or LH-RH in the other two survival groups. These findings suggested that the measurement of the anterior pituitary hormones and the response of these hormones to their releasing hormones were useful to evaluate the severity of head injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Partial inhibitory seizures: a report on two cases.

This paper described two epileptic children with the clinical features of tonic-clonic seizures, brief atonic episodes, drop attacks and myoclonic jerks. Patient 2 also displayed absences and behavioral disturbance with episodes of minor status epilepticus. When the patients held both arms outstretched, polygraphic records revealed the spike-and-wave (sp-w) discharges in association with the sudden dropping of an outstretched arm. The drops were due to a loss of tone recorded in deltoid muscles, and coincided with the slow wave components of bilateral sp-w complexes, predominantly on the contralateral side. In the present paper, the clinical and electrophysiologic features of this particular type of seizure are presented in detail. A cortical origin of these episodes is suggested.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1984

[Computerized tomography findings of acute traumatic epidural hematoma].

During four year period from April, 1977 to March, 1981, 53 cases with acute traumatic epidural hematoma had been encountered out of 430 acute head injured patients examined by computerized tomography (CT) within 24 hours after incurring the trauma at the Department of Neurosurgery and Critical Care Medicine of Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan. Besides the initial CT, the authors performed contrast enhanced CT (41 cases) and serial CT scanning (31 cases). There were 49 cases of epidural hematoma existing in the supratentorial region, Two cases infratentorial region and 2 cases in the both regions. Two cases of vertex epidural hematoma had been encountered, one of them required vertical scan technique. In 22 (41%) of the 53 patients, the initial CT showed evidence of other cerebral lesions. The most frequent lesion was pneumocephalus (11 cases), 3 cases of them existed in the epidural hematoma. There were also intracerebral hematoma (6 cases), subdural hematoma (4 cases), cerebral contusion (2 cases), intraventricular hemorrhage (2 cases) and 2 cases of them demonstrated "diffuse traumatic cerebral injury" (Zimmerman, 1979). During contrast enhanced CT, 11 cases out of 41 cases indicated several enhancement pattern. There were total enhancement of epidural hematoma (2 cases), partial enhancement of hematoma (2 cases) and enhancement of internal margin of hematoma (2 cases). Serial CT scans was performed in 36 out of the 53 patients. Common findings on the serial CT scans were decreased density collection in the subdural space such as subdural effusions or chronic subdural hematomas (8 cases) and enlargement of small epidural hematomas (3 cases).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

[A case of advanced gastric cancer which disappeared histopathologically after short-time chemotherapy].

Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. Anticancer therapy was performed preoperatively, but was discontinued after the second intravenous administration of MFC because she developed nausea, vomiting and pancytopenia. On Jan. 18, 1980, gastrectomy with extended lymph node dissection was performed. Histologically, the excised stomach showed non-specific active ulcer (ul-IV) at the side of the tumor without evidence of residual cancer cells. The cause for the disappearance of the advanced carcinoma remains unknown. Although the dosage of the anticancer chemotherapy was quite small, this treatment may have promoted the regression of the tumor in conjunction with activated antitumor immunity of the host.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Concanavalin A-induced and spontaneous suppressor cell activities in peripheral blood lymphocytes and spleen cells from gastric cancer patients.

In 173 gastric cancer patients, activities of Concanavalin-A-induced suppressor cells (Con-AS) and spontaneous suppressor cells (SpS) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), splenic vein lymphocytes (SVL), and spleen cells (SCs) were investigated. Suppressions by Con-AS in PBL were significantly effective in patients of Stages III and IV, while suppressions by SpS were effective in patients with recurrent tumors. Thus, in PBLs of cancer patients, suppressor precursors, which are considered to be activated in vitro by Concanavalin-A, seemed to appear with the advances of the disease, and SpS activities, which could be already activated in vivo, seemed to increase in the terminal stage. In SCs, increased activities of Con-AS, but normal activities of SpS, were observed, and these suppressor-cell populations consisted of glass nonadherent cells. Suppressor activities of SCs would be due to suppressor T-cells, not to other types of cells. Furthermore, Con-AS existed in the medium-sized lymphocytes, which were fractionated on the basis of cell size, while SpS in the large-sized lymphocytes. A higher proportion of T-cells, bearing Fc receptors for IgG, was observed in the larger-sized lymphocyte fractions. Cell numbers in the large-sized lymphocyte fraction tended to increase with the advances of tumors. From these results, it is suggested that higher presence of suppressor precursors and the increase of SpS activities may occur in cancer patients, depending on the tumor advancing.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

An association of subtotal cerebellar agenesis with organoid nevus--a possible new variety of neurocutaneous syndrome.

A quite unique patient aged 13, characterized by a combination of organoid nevus on the left scalp and subtotal cerebellar agenesis accompanied by hypoplasia of the pons and midbrain, was reported. Cardinal clinical features consisted of nonprogressive cerebellar manifestations including intention tremor and ataxia, speech and visual disturbance and mental retardation. An electronystagmogram demonstrated periodic alternating nystagmus. A clinical diagnosis of cerebellar agenesis in this case was made through the demonstration of characteristic features in metrizamide CT and midline sagittal tomography of metrizamide cisternography of the posterior fossa. An extensive review of the literature revealed three papers dealing with organoid nevus associated with various neurological abnormalities, but no single case with a similar combination of cutaneous organoid nevus and cerebellar agenesis had been reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Induction of suppressor cell activities in normal lymphocytes by sera from gastric cancer patients.

Inductions of suppressor cell activities in normal lymphocytes by sera from 154 patients with primary gastric cancer were investigated. Sera from patients with advanced cancer induced suppressor cells which significantly depressed the proliferative responses of autologous responder lymphocytes, while those from early cancer did not. An increase in OKT8 reactive T cell populations in normal lymphocytes occurred rather than a decrease in OKT4 reactive T cells after stimulation with sera as well as concanavalin A in relation to the increase of suppressor cell activities. Furthermore, sera-induced suppressor cell activities apparently correlated with spontaneous suppressor cell activities in cancer donors and both of these activities declined after plasma exchange. These results suggest that sera from gastric cancer patients may contain factors which can induce such suppressor cell activities and that serum factors may activate the suppressor precursors to be spontaneous suppressor cells in vivo in a manner similar to that seen in vitro.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

[Analysis of suppressor cell activities in spleen cells from gastric cancer patients and the effect of splenectomy on prognosis of gastric cancer].

In gastric cancer patients, activities of Concanavalin-A induced suppressor cells ( ConAS ) and spontaneous suppressor cells (SpS) in spleen cells (SC), peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and splenic vein lymphocytes (SVL) were comparatively investigated. Suppressions by ConAS in PBL were significantly increased in patients of Stages III and IV, while suppressions by SpS were increased in patients with recurrent tumors. Elevated activities of ConAS and SpS were observed in SCs and SVLs , respectively. ConAS activities were mostly indicated in the medium sized lymphocyte fractions which were fractionated on the basis of cell size, while SpS activities in the larger sized fraction. Cell numbers in the large sized lymphocyte fraction which contained higher proportion of Tg cells and OKT8 reactive T cells, tended to increase with advances of the disease. These results suggest that spleen contained much higher proportion of suppressor precursors which might be activated to become suppressor cells with advances of the disease. Furthermore, the effect of splenectomy on the prognosis of gastric cancer was investigated in randomized controlled trial. The patients who underwent total gastrectomy and had main location of the tumor on lesser curvature region were divided into two groups at random; splenectomy (+) and splenectomy (-) groups. A suggestive prolongation of survival time was observed in splenectomy (+) group. Thus, spleen seems to contribute to the immunosuppression in gastric cancer patients and splenectomy may lead to better prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[New management of brain neoplasms. 2. Local injection of adriamycin].

This is the second paper on a trial treatment of malignant brain tumors by postoperative intracavity chemotherapy. In 34 patients with malignant brain tumors in cerebral hemispheres, 0.5 mg adriamycin (ADM) was injected through an Ommaya's device into the tumor-bed every other day after subtotal removal of tumor at craniotomy. Usual total doses of ADM were 5.0-10.0 mg. The patients were usually treated with 60Co-irradiation and immunotherapy after local injection of ADM. Twenty patients with malignant astrocytomas (Kernohan grade 3 or 4) of the cerebral hemisphere were treated with this local injection method of ADM. Clinical effect obtained was 65% and one-year survival rate was 55%. On the other hand, in 14 patients with other malignant brain tumors such as metastatic carcinoma, primary sarcoma, germinoma and medulloblastoma, clinical effect obtained was 36% and one-year survival rate was also 36%. In the autopsy cases of malignant brain tumors, the similar pathological findings were observed as obtained in the patients treated with local injection of bleomycin (BLM). Macroscopically there were extensive necrotic foci, small haemorrhages and increasing fibrin deposit. However, in the cases treated with ADM, the rate of increasing of fibrin debris and necrotic tissues in the tumor cavity were much less than those of in the cases with BLM. Comparative study was carried out on the estimation of the levels of concentration of ADM in the tumor tissues when ADM was injected locally and intravenously. The recurrent tumor tissues were used for the estimation of locally administered ADM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Rebound phenomenon of mannitol and glycerol: clinical studies].

UNLABELLED: A rebound phenomenon after infusion of hypertonic solution of mannitol and glycerol on raised intracranial pressure was studied by epidural pressure recordings for 65 patients. The mean age of the patients was 50 years with a range of 29 to 73 years. The diagnoses of above patients were as follows; 29 were cerebral aneurysms, 19 were brain tumors, 10 were hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhages, 4 were cerebral contusions, 2 were arteriovenous malformations, and one was cerebral abscess. Four methods of infusion were performed. In group A, 0.5 g/kg of mannitol was infused within 15, 30 or 60 minutes. In group B, 1.0 g/kg of mannitol was infused within 30, 60 or 90 minutes. In group C, 0.5 g/kg of glycerol in 5% fructose was infused within 30, 60 or 90 minutes. In group D, 1.0 g/kg of glycerol in 5% fructose was infused within 60, 120 or 180 minutes. The following observations were examined in all patients. (1) The occurrence of the rebound phenomenon. (2) The rate of the raised intracranial pressure (ICP) compared to the ICP before infusion of these hypertonic solutions. (3) The duration of the rebound phenomenon. RESULTS: A rebound phenomenon was found 23% in all patients, and 12% in the mannitol groups and 34% in the glycerol groups. The dose and the rate of mannitol infusion did not influence the occurrence of the rebound phenomenon. In contrast, in the glycerol groups, the infusion method did influence the occurrence of the rebound phenomenon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗