Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Yagi.
Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) myofibrils contain two basic proteins of molecular weights of 25,000 and 23,000. Both of the two proteins inhibit actomyosin ATPase as the vertebrate troponin-I does. These results differ from the previous one that troponin-I of crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) showed a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE).
Thirty-one cases of massive bleeding due to blunt maxillofacial injuries were treated by several procedures. Blind techniques, such as nasal and/or oral packing or ligation of external carotid artery, failed to achieve hemostasis in 13 of the 18 cases (72.2%) in which they were employed before 1984. Since then, carotid angiography has documented the location of the bleeding in 12 of the 13 cases (92.3%) in which it was employed. Each of the four cases in which extravasation was visualized from the external carotid artery was successfully treated by transcatheter embolization. We conclude that selective, angiographically guided embolization can reliably achieve hemostasis in a high proportion of patients with maxillofacial injury who are in danger of exsanguination from the branches of the external carotid artery.
Based on the clinicoelectrographic data of 28 patients (14 children and 14 adults) with absence status epilepticus thoroughly documented by CCTV/EEG, it was found that there were significant differences between the children and adults. In childhood, absence status tended to occur in those who had experienced individual short-lived atypical absence seizures and also other types of generalized seizure. In contrast, there was a general tendency for absence status in adulthood to occur in females without individual absence seizure. With respect to the clinicoelectrographical manifestations, absence status with a decreased postural tone was prone to be associated with a more profound clouding of consciousness, whereas in those with myoclonic components there was a less profound clouding. The former was found solely in children while the latter was both in children and in adults. During absence status, the focal motor features with or without secondarily generalized convulsions were observed in 8 adult patients (57%). On the other hand, no focal motor manifestations were observed during absence status in children. Absence status is composed of two modalities: either a prolongation or repetition of absence seizures. It was demonstrated that, in children, either the prolongation or repetition of individual absence seizures developed into absence status. The short-lived absence was of an atypical nature, whereas in adults, absence status consisted of the prolongation of an absence seizure which occurred in patients with no experience of individual absence seizures. With respect to the drug treatment, antiabsence drugs had some effect in children, while none of the adult patients responded either to the antiabsence drugs or other antiepileptic drugs. The long-term seizure prognosis was not necessarily poor in children but invariably poor in adults. Four adult patients showed diffuse, but unilateral frontally accentuated asymmetrical paroxysmal activity during the status. Three of them showed initial localized spike-wave discharges in the unilateral frontal region followed by a generalized spike-wave rhythm. Furthermore, all of these 4 patients with focally accentuated ictal EEGs have shown partial motor seizures intermingled with absence status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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A prospective intraindividual study of WISC-R testing in the 45 children with epilepsy revealed that: 1) antiepileptic drugs, phenobarbital in particular, resulted in a detrimental effect on the WISC-R scores, 2) of the WISC-R subtests, vocabulary tasks of the verbal test were the most susceptible indicators in children whose FSIQ scores either improved or deteriorated, and 3) in children whose antiepileptic drug dosage remained unchanged while the seizure frequency remained unchanged, both the VIQ and PIQ scores decreased. It was evident that either recurrent seizures or inappropriate medication may exert a detrimental effect on intelligence as expressed by the WISC-R testing. In addition, the possibility that the underlying cerebral pathology associated with the etiology of epilepsy may play a role in a progressive intellectual deterioration was suggested.
Of 30 patients whose epileptogenic focus was presumed to be located in the frontal lobe on the basis of a clinico-electrographic correlation, the principal seizure manifestation consisted of peculiar automatisms in about 40% of the cases. However, the nature of the automatisms was of a short duration lasting about one minute but in most cases it was accompanied by extremely violent movements, but this was not true in all cases. Of the 30 cases, only 5 cases showed marked improvement one year after being discharged from the hospital so that this type of seizure event is extremely intractable.
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A strain of Wistar rats with L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase deficiency has recently been established. The activity of L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase in hepatic microsomes of the mutant rats was not detectable, while that of heterozygous rats was about half that of normal rats. These results were confirmed by immunological quantitation using antibody directed against this enzyme. Thus, it appears that these mutant rats either possess no enzyme at all or a very aberrant form of the enzyme in the liver. Aldonolactonase, another enzyme participating in the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid, was found to be present in normal amount in the mutant strain.
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Association constants and maximum binding numbers of sulfatide- and phosphatidylserine (PS)-containing liposomes for their binding with adriamycin (ADM) were determined by the column equilibration method. Although these liposomes have two kinds of binding sites, hydrophobic and electrostatic, the majority of ADM molecules was associated with the liposomes via their latter binding sites. Since the association constant for the electrostatic binding of ADM was smaller in sulfatide-containing liposomes (3 x 10(3) M-1) than in PS-containing ones (1.1 x 10(4) M-1), high efficiency of sulfatide-containing liposomes for the entrapment of ADM might be explained by the effect of sulfatide making the liposomes rigid, thereby preventing the leakage of the entrapped ADM.
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Septic complication is one of the major problems associated with central venous catheterization. Thrombi produced around a catheter are regarded to a predisposing factor. However, few reports have focused on thrombus formation in clinical settings. We studied prospectively thrombus formation associated with central venous catheterization in 56 patients. Thrombus formation was identified in 39 cases (70%). In most cases, this thrombi formed around a catheter and were released into stream when the catheter was removed. However, complications attributable to the thrombi, such as pulmonary embolism were not observed. Then we tested four materials of catheters including vinylchloride, vinylchloride coated with heparine, polyurethane, and silicone to compare the incidence of thrombus formation. Thrombi were found regardless the catheter material when they were placed for more than 10 days. Cultures of blood, catheter tips and parts of catheters placed under the skin were performed to clarify the relation between thrombus formation and catheter-related sepsis. Positive culture was obtained only five cases but they were all associated with thrombus formation. These results suggest that central venous catheterization frequently results in thrombus formation, which would lead to catheter-related spesis.
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