Biomedical subjects

K Yagawa

Publications and source records attributed to K Yagawa.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

The in vivo and in vitro use of monoclonal antibody for the deletion of phagocytic cells in guinea pigs.

A monoclonal antibody (MAb) was raised against guinea pig macrophages and its reactivity to bone marrow derived cells was tested. The Ab selectively reacted to phagocytic cells such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and macrophages, but not to erythrocytes, lymphocytes, hepatocytes and platelets, as determined by the binding and complement-dependent cytolytic activity. In vivo effect of the Ab on peripheral leukocytes was tested. More than 90% of PMNL were deleted 3 hours after the intravenous administration of the antibody. The cells started to reappear in peripheral blood on the 3rd day and returned to the level before the administration on the 6-7th day. Erythrocytes in peripheral blood were not affected. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and muramyl dipeptide(MDP) induced proliferation of thymocytes were tested after removal of macrophages by the selective binding of the MAb reactive cells to the plastic dish. Proliferation of the macrophage-deleted thymocytes was significantly suppressed, however, it was restored by addition of a small number of peritoneal macrophages. Those results strongly indicate that the MAb presented here is directed selectively to phagocytic cells of guinea pigs and should prove useful to study both in vivo and in vitro functions of the cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Lack of response of murine peritoneal macrophages to in vitro activation by muramyl dipeptide (MDP). I. Macrophage activation by MDP is species dependent.

Peritoneal exudate macrophages from mice, rats, and guinea pigs were assessed using six different parameters of macrophage activation to determine whether the cells were stimulated under similar experimental conditions. Peritoneal exudate macrophages from mice, irrespective of strain, were far less responsive to a variety of in vitro stimulatory effects of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine than those from rats or guinea pigs, while no significant differences were noted with the reactivity to stimulation by endotoxic lipopolysaccharide. We conclude that macrophage activation by MDP in vitro is species dependent.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗

PubMed1990

Macrophages are stimulated by muramyl dipeptide to induce polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation in the peritoneal cavities of guinea pigs.

N-Acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (muramyl dipeptide [MDP]) injected intraperitoneally significantly increased the number of cells entering the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs primed with liquid paraffin or thioglycollate. There was a close relationship between peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) accumulation and the uptake of glucosamine by macrophages in guinea pigs treated with a variety of bacterial cell surface components such as cell wall peptidoglycan subunits and bacterial or synthetic lipid A. The PMN accumulation was also facilitated by the intraperitoneal transfer of the peritoneal macrophages that had been stimulated by MDP in vitro. Furthermore, cell-free lavage fluids taken from the peritoneum of MDP-treated guinea pigs also initiated the influx of PMNs when introduced into the peritoneal cavities of liquid paraffin-pretreated guinea pigs. These results suggest that a soluble factor which attracts neutrophils is produced by MDP-treated macrophages. Partial characterization of the factor is described.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗

PubMed1990

Recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and lipopolysaccharide maintain the phenotype of and superoxide anion generation by neutrophils.

Superoxide anion (O2-) generation by human blood neutrophils induced by phorbol myristate acetate, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, and monoclonal antibody YI51 was measured 24 h after incubation in medium alone, medium with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF), and medium with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Monoclonal antibody YI51 was able to bind to neutrophils and induce O2- generation after the addition of anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibody as a cross-linking agent. In the 24-h culture, there was no significant difference in neutrophil survival among the three cultures. The amount of O2- generated by neutrophils in control medium markedly decreased compared with that before culture. However, cells in medium with rG-CSF or LPS maintained the ability to generate O2- well or moderately, respectively. Thus, the activity maintained by rG-CSF and LPS was neutralized by the anti-G-CSF serum. Furthermore, significant amounts of G-CSF were detected in supernatants of neutrophils cultured with LPS for 24 h. It was not detectable, however, in control supernatants. To examine whether the phenotype of the plasma membrane of cells changed in the 24-h culture, expression of CD16 (FcR III) and YI51 antigens was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of CD16 and YI51 antigens on cells cultured with rG-CSF or LPS was maintained compared with that of control cells. These observations thus indicate that G-CSF is one of the factors essential to maintain the functioning and phenotype of mature neutrophils.

Antigens, CD↗

PubMed1990

[Immunohistochemical studies of collagen types I, III and IV distribution and the expression of procollagen III peptide in papillary carcinomas of the thyroid].

Collagen types I, III and IV and procollagen III peptide (P III P) were examined immunohistochemically in 38 papillary carcinomas of the thyroid. The immunoreactivity to both type I and type III collagen was diffuse and abundantly observed in the fibrous stroma, where it displayed a fibrillar and/or granular pattern with little difference in the intensity of the staining. The immunoreactivity to collagen type IV was localized in the basement membrane of the vessels and partly in the tumor cell nests. A distinctive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity to P III P was observed in the cancer cells and the fibroblasts in all of the 38 papillary carcinomas, specifically an intense and extensive immunoreactivity by the cancer cells present in tumors having fibrosclerosing stroma and/or showing an extensive local invasion. Thus, it is conceivable that stromal collagen in a papillary carcinoma can be produced by not only the fibroblasts but also by tumor cells and its productivity could be affected by the degree of the tumoral invasion.

Carcinoma, Papillary↗

PubMed1989

Malacoplakia of the thyroid gland.

A case of malacoplakia of the thyroid gland is described in a 50-year-old Japanese woman. This lesion clinically mimicked a malignant neoplasm, and the true diagnosis of malacoplakia was made only after histologic examination; light microscopy revealed a granulomatous nodule with an accumulation of von Hansemann's histiocytes containing PAS-positive and von Kossa's-positive intracytoplasmic and extracytoplasmic inclusions known as Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. There were some foci consisting of neoplasm-like or hyperplastic residual follicles within the lesion. Electron microscopically, a small number of bacilliform organisms were demonstrated within the lesion. X-ray microanalysis of Michaelis-Gutmann bodies was performed and revealed the presence of phosphorus, calcium, iron, and chloride. It is suggested that the malacoplakic lesion may be associated with the hyperplastic or neoplastic follicular lesion, and bacterial infection could be important in the causation of malacoplakia of the thyroid gland.

Female↗

PubMed1989

Squamous differentiation in thyroid carcinoma. With special reference to histogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid.

Squamous differentiation of thyroid carcinoma was studied clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically in 29 autopsy cases. Tumor cell nests with squamous differentiation (CNSD), which histologically resembled squamous cell carcinoma, were found in 6 cases (20.7%). All of these 6 cases with CNSD had areas of undifferentiated carcinoma, representing 31.6% of 19 cases with undifferentiated carcinoma, and all but one case also showed coexisting papillary carcinoma. The CNSD were histologically associated with undifferentiated carcinoma in 5 cases, and with papillary carcinoma in one case; the CNSD were occasionally intermingled with these types of carcinoma, and there were findings suggesting a histological transition between the CNSD and undifferentiated carcinoma or papillary carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed that all the CNSD were reactive with antibodies for keratin and vimentin, whereas thyroglobulin and desmin were not expressed. It was concluded that the CNSD examined here were most probably due to extensive squamous differentiation (squamous metaplasia) in undifferentiated carcinoma and papillary carcinoma. In addition, the present results may explain the fact that cases diagnosed solely as squamous cell carcinoma sometimes show a prognosis similar to that of undifferentiated carcinoma, and may well represent extensive squamous differentiation in such tumors rather than true squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Phorbol myristate acetate modulates calcium ion-dependent superoxide anion generation induced by a monoclonal antibody raised against polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

We used a monoclonal antibody, YI 51, raised against human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to induce superoxide anion (O2-) generation in cells. Although YI 51 alone played only a small part in inducing O2- generation in PMN, the amount of O2- generation induced in 5 X 10(5) PMN was 3.7 to 5.5 nmol/min when F(ab')2 fragments of rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibody were added as a cross-linking agent. This O2- -inducing activity was high compared with that of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), insoluble immunoglobulin G immune complexes (IC), or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The binding of YI 51 and soluble immunoglobulin G IC to PMN was not reciprocally inhibitory, indicating that YI 51 does not interfere with ligand binding to the Fc receptor-binding site. In the absence of calcium ion (Ca2+), O2- generation induced by YI 51 decreased to 10 to 20% of that in the presence of Ca2+. In contrast, O2- generation in response to WGA, IC, or PMA under Ca2+-free conditions was not affected. When PMN were pretreated with low concentrations of PMA (10(-10) to 10(-9) M), the amount of O2- generation by the cells in response to YI 51 in Ca2+-free buffer was enhanced in a concentration-dependent manner. It also equaled the O2- generated by the cells in buffer containing Ca2+. In cells pretreated with PMA, the amount of O2- induced by WGA was enhanced two- to threefold over that in untreated cells. In contrast, there was no augmentation over untreated cells with stimulation by IC. These results suggest that YI 51, IC, and WGA induce O2- generation in human PMN in different manners.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Thrombosis-inducing activity found in plasma from two patients with advanced lung cancer.

In 2 patients with lung cancer, the coagulation system was supposed to be activated by the findings of elevation of plasma fibrinogen, fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) and/or peripheral platelet counts. The plasma thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha levels in 1 patient were measured and proved to be 160 and 20 times higher than the control level, respectively. When 0.5 ml of plasma from each patient was given intravenously into Balb/c mice, the mice died within 5 min. The multiple thrombosis mainly composed of aggregated platelets and present in the lungs of these mice probably led to death of these animals. On the contrary, no such activity was found in plasma from healthy subjects or other patients with lung cancer who showed no manifestations of enhancement in the coagulation system.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1989

Presence of thrombosis-inducing activity in plasma from patients with lung cancer.

Thrombosis-inducing activity (TIA) was detected in the peripheral blood of some patients with advanced lung cancer. When plasma from the patients was given intravenously to mice or to guinea pigs, the animals became immobile within 2 min and died at 3 to 30 min after the injection. Multiple thrombosis was found in the lungs and was considered to be the cause of the death. Thrombosis was not formed and the mice survived when heparin was given intravenously 5 min before the injection of the plasma. This TIA was present in plasma from 13 of 42 patients with lung cancer. On the contrary, only two of 32 with chronic lung diseases and two of 31 healthy control subjects had this activity in the plasma. The coagulation system in the 13 patients was considered to be chronically activated, as revealed by elevation of plasma fibrinogen levels, fibrin degradation product levels, and/or peripheral platelet counts. The TIA shared characteristics with tissue factor in that it was heat labile, nondialyzable through a dialysis membrane with a 10,000 molecular weight exclusion limit, sensitive to phospholipase C treatment, precipitated by 50% ammonium sulfate, and bound to concanavalin-A Sepharose.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1989

Preoperative examination to detect distant metastasis is not advocated for asymptomatic patients with stages 1 and 2 non-small cell lung cancer. Preoperative examination for lung cancer.

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether all patients with non-small cell lung cancer, clinically defined as stage 1 or 2, should have examinations to determine the presence of distant metastatic (M1) disease. The survival rates of patients who underwent the examinations and those who did not were compared. In all groups, the examinations had in no way positively affected survival. The 33 patients in whom distant recurrence had occurred within 12 months of curative operation, were then evaluated to establish the relationship between the recurrent site and the preoperative examination: negative scans on the examination failed to predict the low incidence of early distant recurrence. Those data suggest that the routine use of radionuclide or CT scans is of no benefit to asymptomatic patients with local, early disease.

Bone Neoplasms↗

PubMed1989

Brain metastases in patients with limited small cell lung cancer achieving complete remission. Correlation with TNM staging.

We reviewed the brain metastases, after treatment, of 45 patients with limited small cell lung cancer who achieved complete remission by radiochemotherapy or curative operation. No patient received prophylactic cranial irradiation. The incidence of subsequent brain metastases was classified according to pretreatment staging as follows: two of 13 (15 percent) patients in stage I; two of ten (20 percent) in stage II; nine of 17 (53 percent) in stage IIIa; and four of five (80 percent) in stage IIIb. The brain metastases occurred from seven to 29 months after the start of treatment, and the median time of the occurrence was 13 months. Of 17 patients who developed brain metastases and who subsequently received cranial irradiation, there were two in whom relapse had occurred at no other site except the brain and who survived 26 and 79 months after the relapse, respectively. These data indicate that not all patients with limited SCLC achieving CR due to treatment necessarily benefit from PCI.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

[Immunohistochemical study of T cell subsets in lung tissue and in BALF of patients with farmer's lung disease].

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the immunological abnormality of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The relationship between T cell subsets of lymphocytes in transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) specimens and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were studied in 3 cases of farmer's lung disease (FLD). The lung specimens were examined by immunoperoxidase staining (ABC method) and the cells in BALF by the immunofluorescence method on the flowcytometry. All cases of FLD were diagnosed according to the following criteria: 1) history of exposure to FLD antigen, 2) clinical symptoms (cough, fever, breathlessness), 3) radiologic feature (diffuse small nodular pattern) and functional pattern of interstitial lung disease and 4) evidence of antibodies against Micropolyspora faeni. Histologically, granulomatous interstitial pneumonitis was revealed in all cases. Immunohistochemically, the number of positive lymphocytes was as follows: for Leu 4 (pan T cell) 8.6 cells/15.6 x 10(-3) mm2; Leu 3a (helper/inducer T cell) 5.1 cells; Leu 2a(suppressor/cytotoxic T cell) 1.2 cells on average, respectively. The Leu 3a+ cells were larger in number than the Leu 2a+ cells and the Leu 3a+/Leu 2a+ ratio was 4.76. In the BALF, the percentage of OKT3+ cells (pan T cell) was increased. The percentage of OKT4+ cells (helper/inducer T cell) was higher than that of OKT8+ cells (suppressor/cytotoxic T cell). The OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio was 6.65 in the BALF. The result of this study revealed the close relationship between the numerical distribution of T cell subsets in the lung tissue and in the BALF. It is suggested that the immuno-reaction in the lung tissue of patients with FLD is a type of helper-T cell alveolitis.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[A case of leiomyoblastoma of the jejunum].

Reported is a submucosal tumor of the jejunum that had developed in a 46-year-old man who manifested general fatigue and anemia. The tumor measured 3.0 x 3.0 cm and was composed of polygonal and/or round cells with a clear zone surrounding the nucleus. Five mitotic figures per 50-power fields were present. The light microscopic appearance was consistent with those of a Leiomyoblastoma. Follow-up evaluations approximately 2 years after the resection showed no evidence of metastasis or recurrence.

Humans↗

PubMed1989

[Therapeutic analysis of autopsy findings in oral cancer].

Thirty-four autopsied patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The following results were obtained. 1) The suggested metastatic spread was from the highest count of oral cancer patients with metastases in lung to lower key organs, reflecting the cascade theory. 2) Multiple regression analysis revealed that local recurrence was significantly related to the treatment method, indicating that multidisciplinary treatment would be needed. 3) Multiple regression analysis indicated that mediastinal lymph node metastasis was significantly related to both the age of the patient and the stage of cancer development. 4) Multiple regression analysis showed that distant metastasis was significantly related to both the stage and the spleen weight. 5) There were many patients with the pulmonary metastases undergoing irradiation which ranged from 40Gy to 60Gy on the primary tumor. 6) Results showed that immunotherapy tended to control pulmonary metastases.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[A case of invasive thymoma in the left hilus of the lung].

Reported is the case of a 62-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital because of the presence of a left hilar mass found during a routine chest X-ray examination. Shortly thereafter, a left thoracotomy was performed. The tumor was located under the aortic arch in the left hilus of the lung and had invaded the pericardium and pulmonary trunk. There was no connection, however, to the anterior mediastinum. A histological examination revealed an invasive thymoma of epithelial cell of the predominant type. Seen scattered abroad were thymic tissue in the adipose tissue around the tumor of the left hilus. Postoperatively, a distant metastasis of the right lung was observed and the patient died due to respiratory failure.

Combined Modality Therapy↗

PubMed1989

[Two cases of anorectal malignant melanoma].

Although on anorectal malignant melanoma is relatively rare, we report two cases, that of a 88-year-old woman, and a 78-year-old man. Both patients were admitted to the hospital due to rectal bleeding and were diagnosed as having rectal carcinoma. Following an abdominoperineal rectal amputation, a pathological examination of the resected specimens revealed a malignant melanoma. Thus, it is necessary to carry out a careful examination of patients with tumors of the anorectal region when there is the least suspicion of a malignancy.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

Expression of Fc receptors is suppressed in alveolar macrophages from patients with sarcoidosis.

To study the expression of Fc receptors in human alveolar macrophages (AM), the cells were collected from 12 healthy controls and 22 patients with sarcoidosis and the activity involved in binding to 125I-soluble immune complexes (IC) was investigated. The binding of 125I-IC was significantly suppressed in cells from the patients. A Scatchard plot analysis revealed that this suppression was due to a reduction in the number of Fc receptors on the surface membrane and not the result of a decrease in the binding affinity of the receptors. Rosette formation was observed by incubating AM with antibody-coated ox red blood cells. The presence of rosette forming cells was about 70% in the AM from healthy controls, while, a rate of only 50% was seen in those with sarcoidosis. These results indicate that the decrease of the 125I-IC binding in the AM from patients with sarcoidosis is to some extent the result of an increase in the population of the Fc receptor negative macrophages.

Adult↗