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Biomedical subjects

K Yabuta

Publications and source records attributed to K Yabuta.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Graves' disease associated with exophthalmos, cerebral ventricular dilatation and accelerated growth.

A report is presented of a girl with Graves' disease, which was diagnosed at the age of 1.7 years. The mother had no thyroid disease. The patient developed signs of hyperthyroidism shortly before her first birthday, and the most prominent manifestations were accelerated skeletal maturation and linear growth, and dilatation of the brain ventricles. The latter manifestation, which has not been reported previously, was reversible upon normalisation of thyroid function with antithyroid treatment for three years.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1997

Reducing cell membrane n-6 fatty acids attenuate mucosal damage in food-sensitive enteropathy in mice.

Mucosal damage is commonly observed in food-sensitive enteropathy in infants, and the generation of leukotrienes is involved in the pathogenesis of this enteropathy. Because supplementing n-3 fatty acids is known to modify the production of leukotrienes, we investigated whether a change of dietary fatty acid composition affects leukotriene synthesis and food hypersensitivity reactions in the intestine by using a mouse model of food-sensitive enteropathy. The model was prepared by feeding ovalbumin to BALB/c mice after intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide. Diets were prepared from soybean oil (control), perilla oil, lard, corn oil, and 0.125 volume of corn oil (low fat diet) and given to mice for 4 wk. Villous heights, crypt depths, leukotriene B4 and C4 production in the intestine were measured. Crypt hyperplasia and villous atrophy were severer in the corn oil-fed group than those of control group, whereas mucosal damage in the perilla oil and low fat diet groups was minimal. In the corn oil-fed group, red blood cell membrane levels of n-3 fatty acids were lower than the control, and the synthesis of leukotrienes was highest among all groups. In the perilla oil and low fat diet groups, n-6 fatty acids were lower than those of control group and leukotriene production was significantly suppressed. These results indicate that reducing cell membrane levels of n-6 fatty acids by feeding less n-6 fatty acids or supplementing n-3 fatty acids, is important to suppress leukotriene biosynthesis for prevention from mucosal damage in food-sensitive enteropathy.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Decrease in the concentrations of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in the sera of patients with Kawasaki disease.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is one of the most important forms of vasculitis, and is characterized by the initiation of a proinflammatory cytokine cascade. To further characterize the immunological profile of KD, we measured the serum levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) as a regulatory cytokine. We determined the concentration of TGF-beta 1 in the sera of the patients with KD, anaphylactoid purpura (AP), and scarlet fever, using a sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The serum levels of TGF-beta 1 were decreased in patients with KD, but not in patients with AP or scarlet fever during the acute stage. We found an inverse correlation between TGF-beta 1 and soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor levels in KD patients during the acute and subacute stage. Decreased levels of TGF-beta 1, in particular to suppress TNF alpha (TNF-alpha) production, is an important part of the regulatory system of increased TNF-alpha production which cause vasculitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Mid-term follow-up results of coil embolization for patent ductus arteriosus].

Mid-term follow-up results of coil embolization for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were evaluated in 19 patients aged from 2 years 9 months to 13 years (median: 5 years and 10 months) who underwent coil embolization for PDA. The minimum diameter of PDA ranged from 1.0 to 3.5 mm (mean 2.3 +/- 0.8 mm). Coil embolization was performed by the retrograde approach in 16 patients and the anterograde approach in 3, using a Gianturco coil in 11 and a Jackson detachable coil system in 8. Sixteen patients underwent single coil embolization and three patients received two coils simultaneously with detachable coil systems. Follow-up evaluation was performed with color flow mapping and pulsed Doppler echo to identify residual shunt or acquired left pulmonary artery stenosis after embolization at 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, and every 6 months thereafter. In two patients, a coil had migrated into the distal left pulmonary artery immediately after implantation, and could be safely retrieved. Minimum residual shunt was found in six patients (32%) on the day after the procedure. Spontaneous closure was noted in all patients within 6 months. Recanalization of completely occluded PDA was observed in one patient at 1 month after embolization. However, spontaneous closure of the residual shunt was found at 1 year and 6 months of follow-up. There was no evidence of acquired left pulmonary artery stenosis during the follow-up period (14.5 +/- 5.8 months). Coil embolization is an effective and safe therapy for PDA. Small residual shunt may be observed immediately after the coil embolization, but will close spontaneously during the follow-up. Recanalization occurred after complete coil occlusion, so careful follow-up with color flow mapping is mandatory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Application of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty to coronary arterial stenosis in Kawasaki disease.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has rarely been performed on patients with coronary lesions that result from Kawasaki disease. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness of PTCA in five patients with coronary arterial stenosis that resulted from Kawasaki disease and reviewed previous reports for possible indicators of PTCA effectiveness. METHODS AND RESULTS: Five patients, ranging in age from 2 to 16 years (median 8 years) underwent conventional PTCA for localized stenosis. The lesion targeted for PTCA was located in the middle right coronary artery of three patients and in the left anterior descending artery in two patients. In four of the five patients, PTCA was angiographically effective, with stenosis rates improving from 84 +/- 10% to 33 +/- 11% (P<.05). When the previously reported cases of six similar patients were taken into consideration, the only predictor of successful PTCA seemed to be the time elapsed between the onset of Kawasaki disease and performance of this procedure. CONCLUSIONS: In cases in which patients show significant localized stenosis as a result of Kawasaki disease, PTCA should be attempted within 6 to 8 years of the onset of the disease. Additionally, intravascular ultrasound imaging was found to be a useful tool for evaluating internal morphology before and after PTCA. In older patients with coronary calcification, other alternatives to PTCA, such as the use of a rotablator or an atherectomy catheter, should be considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Vitamin D receptor alleles, bone mineral density and turnover in premenopausal Japanese women.

Recent studies have shown that genetic effects on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover are related to allelic variation in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. We examined allelic influences of the VDR gene on bone turnover and density in 202 normal healthy premenopausal Japanese women (age 30.1 +/- 1.2, mean +/- SEM). The VDR effect on BMD and turnover is similar to that observed in Caucasian women; however, there are major differences in allele frequency. The B allele by BsmI restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), associated with low BMD and high bone turnover, is found in only 12% of Japanese women (1.4% homozygote BB), compared with 41% of Caucasians (16.7% homozygote BB). In comparing the two most frequent genotypes, Bb heterozygotes (21.5%) and bb homozygotes (77.1%), BMD is 5.3% lower in Bb heterozygotes, and levels of bone formation markers including osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase are 20-32% higher with lower serum calcium (2.30 +/- 0.02 vs 2.35 +/- 0.01 mmol/l) and higher 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (95 +/- 4.8 vs. 76 +/- 3.8 pmol/l). Further discrimination of the genotype was achieved using two additional RFLPs (ApaI, A and TaqI, T); the lumbar spine BMD of the common genotype BbAATt was 9.3% (0.94 SD) lower than in the bbaaTT genotype in premenopausal Japanese women. These data confirm that VDR RFLPs affect bone mineral metabolism regardless of racial differences. Moreover, the VDR genotypes based on haplotype analysis should yield useful insights into the potential prevention of osteoporosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of glomerular function in individual kidneys using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging.

We used the fast field-echo technique of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with an intravenous bolus injection of paramagnetic contrast agent to evaluate glomerular function. The time-dependent curves of changes in signal intensity observed in the renal cortex and renal medulla brought about by the paramagnetic contrast agent allowed insight into excretory kinetics. The time at which the cortical and medullary curves cross, the cortico-medullary (C-M) junction time, was delayed with a decrease in glomerular function. The mean C-M junction time in both kidneys showed a significant inverse correlation with total creatinine clearance (Ccr), indicating the glomerular filtration rate. The C-M junction time in an individual kidney also showed an inverse correlation with individual Ccr in each kidney. Results suggest that dynamic MR imaging is a useful tool in evaluating renal morphology and in evaluating semiquantitatively the glomerular function of the kidneys, singly and together, in a manner analogous to radionuclide scintigraphy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Glomerular basement membrane outpockets and glomerular growth in the postnatal development of the rat kidney.

Distribution of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) outpockets and dimensional growth of glomeruli were studied in the maturing stage of rat glomeruli after completion of nephrogenesis. We observed the postnatal rat glomeruli from 5 to 60 days of age by transmission electron microscopy and estimated the structural development of glomeruli by computerized morphometry. On day 5, the GBM was double in structure, possessing an epithelial and endothelial lamina densa. After day 10, the lamina densa of the GBM was single and sent branches toward the epithelial side making outpockets. There is no change in the distributional pattern of the outpockets, at least from day 10 to day 60, although they decreased considerably in number between days 20 and 40. They were found almost exclusively on the peripheral surface of the glomerulus. The rat glomeruli increased in volume constantly in this period, and the capillary volume increased more significantly than the mesangial volume. The GBM surface area increased in parallel with the glomerular tuft volume. The growing mode of capillaries was different before and after day 40; namely before day 40 elongation was predominant, whereas after day 40 widening was more pronounced. These results indicate that if the outpockets are the other site of GBM assembly after fusion of double basement membranes, the GBM must be redistributed from the peripheral to the paramesangial site to enable elongation and branch formation of capillaries during the growth of glomeruli.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Sibling occurrence of biliary atresia and biliary dilatation.

Familial occurrence of extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) or biliary dilatation has been reported; however, the genetic influences on these disorders are still obscure. The authors previously reported the occurrence of biliary dilatation and EHBA in sisters, which is extremely rare. Recently, a similar pair of sisters was treated; one had pancreaticobiliary maljunction with minimal dilatation of the common bile duct, and the other also had EHBA. The authors' investigations suggest that there may be common etiologic factors for EHBA and biliary dilatation, such as pancreaticobiliary maljunction; however, other factors are required to complete the process and cause biliary atresia.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed1996

Early detection of specific IgE antibody against house dust mite in children at risk of allergic disease.

OBJECTIVES: House dust mite (HDM) is a representative inhalant allergen that triggers allergic disease in childhood. The aim of this study is early detection of HDM-specific IgE antibody and prediction of the risk of a positive reaction to this antibody by in vitro parameters in infants with allergic manifestations. STUDY DESIGN: Levels of HDM IgE in a range below the standard cutoff point of 0.35 U/ml, serum concentrations of IgE, and specific IgE antibodies against egg white, cow milk, and soybeans were determined in 108 infants with allergic manifestations at 6 months of age, and these infants were monitored for conversion of HDM IgE to positive levels greater than 0.35 U/ml up to 5 years of age. The presence of active allergic disease at 5 years of age in relation to HDM-specific IgE was also examined. RESULTS: We were able to determine reliably the HDM IgE values between 0.23 and 0.35 U/ml, using a fluorescent enzyme immunoassay that measured the intensity of fluorescence. The HDM IgE levels increased, resulting in positive values, in 54 of 108 subjects during the first 5 years of life. In multiple regression analysis, an HDM IgE value between 0.23 and 0.35 U/ml, a high serum IgE level, and a positive reaction to specific IgE antibody against egg white in infants at 6 months of age proved to be significant predictors of the future positive reaction to HDM IgE (p = 0.0006, 0.0043, and 0.0001). In particular, the sensitivity and specificity of specific IgE antibody against egg white for the conversion of HDM IgE to positive values were the best among these indicators. Moreover, active allergic diseases were observed significantly more often in children with positive HDM IgE values than in children with negative HDM IgE values at 5 years of age (p < 0.001 for each). CONCLUSIONS: A determination of these predictors in infants at 6 months of age can be used for early detection of HDM IgE and would be valuable in a screening test for later allergic disease among infants with allergic manifestations.

Allergens↗
PubMed1996

Masked ureteral duplication with ectopic ureter detected by magnetic resonance imaging.

The usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of a masked duplex kidney system is described. A 9 year old girl was admitted to our hospital for urinary incontinence. She was found to possess an ectopic ureter associated with complete ureteral duplication. She had been evaluated for incontinence at several hospitals, but neither ultrasound sonography nor intravenous pyelography detected any abnormalities. Only cystoscopic examination and MRI detected the anomalies. Partial nephroureterectomy resolved the patient's incontinence. MRI is useful for the detection of ureteral duplication and should be used on cases in which this condition is suspected, prior to performing invasive procedures.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Food antigen activates intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes in food-sensitive enteropathy in mice.

Morphologic and immunologic changes in the gut mucosa of food-hypersensitive mice, from a study model generated by feeding ovalbumin (OVA) to female BALB/c mice after intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CY), were investigated in an effort to clarify the mechanisms of food-sensitive enteropathy. Villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and increased numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were confirmed in the antigen-challenged OVA-sensitive mice as seen in food-sensitive enteropathy in humans, whereas no significant morphologic changes were observed in the nontreated control group or groups treated with OVA or CY alone. IEL and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) were isolated from the intestinal mucosa before and after the antigen challenge, and surface markers were analyzed by FACScan. After the antigen challenge, the numbers of CD8+ cells increased among the IEL, and the occurrence of both CD4+ and CD8+ cells increased among the LPL. The numbers of Thy-1+ cells and TCR- alpha/beta + cells increased among both the IEL and LPL, and LFA-1 expression was enhanced in both of these lymphocyte populations. The proliferative response of IEL and LPL to OVA increased in a dose-dependent manner after the antigen challenge in the OVA-sensitive mouse model. These results indicate that IEL and LPL, possibly those that have migrated from peripheral blood, are activated by orally administered antigens and cause mucosal damage in the food-sensitive enteropathy.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Angiographic assessment of the stretch-recoil-gain relation after balloon coarctation angioplasty and its relation to late restenosis.

The effects of stretch and immediate recoil after balloon angioplasty were evaluated in 21 patients with coarctation of the aorta who underwent balloon coarctation angioplasty. A total of 28 procedures were performed in these patients, who ranged in age from 1 month to 17 years with a mean of 4.3 years. The systolic pressure gradient and coarcted diameter changed significantly from 42 +/- 22 to 14 +/- 9 mmHg (P < 0.0001) and from 4.0 +/- 1.7 to 6.1 +/- 2.0 mm (P < 0.001), respectively. Immediate recoil was responsible for the loss of 33% of the potentially achievable coarcted dimension. Recoil was determined mainly by the degree of arterial stretch. Gain increased exponentially with an increase in stretch. There was a narrow range of % stretch (60-80%) within which an effective diameter gain could be obtained. Both gain and stretch were the best predictors for late restenosis: patients with a larger immediate gain and stretch developed more restenosis. These results suggest that the stretch-recoil-gain relationship may be clinically important for evaluating the best predictor of late restenosis after balloon coarctation angioplasty.

Adolescent↗