Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Y Chiu.
Acute carpal tunnel syndrome caused by pseudogout occurred in a Chinese patient. The radiological findings mimicked those of synovial chondromatosis. Such radiological findings were very unusual. Diagnosis of such conditions may be difficult, since the clinical features may be confused with those of gout and infection. Surgical release is the treatment of choice.
Thirty-five patients with sequential fractures of both hips were studied prospectively. The second hip fractures occurred more commonly if the patients were institutionalized, if they suffered from concomitant neurologic diseases such as previous stroke or Parkinsonism, or if there was biochemical evidence of osteomalacia. Twelve patients sustained the contralateral hip fracture within 12 months of the first one. There was a significant correlation between biochemical evidence of osteomalacia and early occurrence of the second hip fracture. Although rehabilitation was difficult for such patients, it was possible with a longer period of intensive physiotherapy; only three patients were not able to walk upon discharge from the hospital after the second hip fracture.
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We report a prospective study of 245 open digital fractures of the hand in 201 patients. Management followed clear guidelines set out in protocol. The incidence of infection (2.04%) and non-union (2.45%) was low. Proximal phalangeal fractures and comminuted fractures did worst and associated significant soft tissue injuries had a particularly deleterious effect on the outcome. A classification based on the different soft-tissue components involved is proposed. In fractures associated with simple lacerations or isolated digital nerve injury only, one can expect about 40% good results and about 25% poor results. Where extensor tendon injury or extensive skin loss are also present, there will be approximately 18% good results and 50% poor results. If there is also injury to the flexor tendon or more than one component of significant soft-tissue damage, about 80% will be poor and good results are rare.
Common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (CALLA) was first characterised in lymphoid leukaemic cells. The antigen is present in different stages of lymphoid cell differentiation as well as in subsets of myeloid cells, and further studies have also shown its presence in non-lymphoid tissues. The recent cloning and sequencing of the gene permitted deduction of its amino acid sequence which is identical with the human membrane-associated enzyme, neutral endopeptidase. Strong immunostaining for CALLA was detected in the human liver with a canalicular pattern. Immunoelectron microscopy also confirmed that the antigen was localised only in the area of the bile canaliculi. Although the function of neutral endopeptidase in the canaliculi is unknown, this antigen may prove useful in the study of biliary function and diseases.
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An improved technique for the demonstration of nucleolar organiser regions (NORs) was devised. It has the advantage that any non-specific background deposits which mimic the NOR dots formed during staining are trapped by the celloidin film. The specificity of the silver staining is also increased by the postfixation treatment of sections in an acetic acid-ethanol mixture. Moreover, it is economical because of the low silver content and small volume of the incubation solution used.
With the aid of microwave irradiation, a modified method for rapid detection of Campylobacter has been devised. Compared with the conventional Warthin-Starry method, both staining period and concentration of the silver solution are considerably reduced but there is excellent staining and good tissue morphology.
A recombinant virus Ac373-HB was detected and purified from the transfection mixture of wild type and recombinant virus in the baculovirus expression system using a combination of limiting dilution and DNA dot-blot hybridization. This method allows for a quick and convenient way of detection and purification of recombinant virus without the need to use a plaque purification step. It is generally applicable to other expression systems besides the baculovirus system described here.
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To evaluate observer variability during microcomputer-assisted planimetry, nuclear features (area, perimeter, and form factor) were studied in a case of malignant lymphoma. Tissue fixed in glutaraldehyde, embedded in plastic and sectioned at 1 micron was studied using a Zeiss Kontron IBAS 2000 image analysis system. Manual tracing of nuclear outline was performed to obtain the parameters. Both interindividual and intraindividual reproducibilities were evaluated, the former among 8 observers and the latter by the observers repeating the measurements. With the present technique, intraindividual reproducibility was high and correlation was excellent for area, perimeter and form factor measurements. A high degree of interindividual inconsistency was demonstrated for all parameters. Interindividual correlation was poor for form factor. It is concluded that poor interindividual reproducibility even when the objective method of morphometry is used may be a significant problem in tissue investigations, especially when results from different laboratories are being compared.
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