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Biomedical subjects

K Williams

Publications and source records attributed to K Williams.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Familial resistance to thyroid hormone associated with decreased transport across the plasma membrane.

Resistance to thyroid hormone associated with a defect in hormone transport across the plasma membrane occurred in a 74-year-old eumetabolic woman. She had marked elevations in the serum levels of total thyroxine (T4), free T4, and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3). Levels of T3 were only minimally increased. The hyperthyroxinemia was thyrotrophin (TSH) dependent, but was not due to an alteration in the binding of T4 to serum proteins. Refractoriness to thyroxine was only partial, as indicated by the increase in the basal metabolic rate and suppression of the response of TSH to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) after the administration of L-thyroxine, 600 micrograms daily, for 3 weeks. The basic abnormality involved a selective decrease of T4 plasma membrane transport shown by in-vitro studies of erythrocytes. Screening of family members showed similar biochemical abnormalities in two other relatives. In this familial syndrome characterized by eumetabolic hyperthyroxinemia, the alteration of thyroid hormone metabolism seems to involve primarily the partition of T4 between the intra- and extracellular spaces.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Operation care.

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Georgia↗
PubMed1982

Ninety-nine "tomboys" and "non-tomboys": behavioral contrasts and demographic similarities.

Two samples of female children with diverse patterns of sex-typed behaviors are described. Fifty traditionally sex-typed and 49 nontraditionally sex-typed girls are contrasted. Their age range is 4-12 years. They are widely divergent on sex-typed preferred toys, gender of peer group, participation in sports, roles taken in playing house, and stated wish to be a boy. Their parents do not differ on age, marital status, religion, or number of children. These descriptions provide the baseline for a forthcoming series of papers describing the development of these divergent patterns of sex-typed behaviors and the association of these early patterns with later psychosexual and psychosocial attributes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Value of the H-Q interval in patients with bundle branch block and the role of prophylactic permanent pacing.

His bundle electrograms were obtained in 313 patients with chronic bundle branch block who were followed for a mean period of almost 3 years. The infranodal conduction time (H-Q interval) was less than 55 ms in 97 patients (Group I), 55 to 69 ms in 99 patients (Group II), and greater than or equal to 70 ms in 117 patients (Group III). There was a higher incidence of organic heart disease in patients in Group III, but the groups were otherwise comparable. On follow-up study, mortality and the incidence of sudden death were similar among the groups, but patients in Group III had a greater incidence of progression to high degree atrioventricular block (HDB) than did those in Groups I and II (14 of 117 [12%] versus 4 of 97 [4%] and 2 of 99 [2%], p less than 0.01, respectively). High degree block was found in 4 of 17 (24%) patients with an H-Q interval (H-Q) greater than or equal to 100 ms. Sixty-two patients underwent permanent prophylactic pacemaker insertion at the discretion of the referring physician and were compared with 231 patients who did not. Paced patients had a higher incidence of transient neurologic symptoms and prolonged H-Q, but the groups were otherwise comparable. On follow-up study, mortality and the incidence of sudden death were similar among the groups, but symptom relief was significantly more common among patients with pacemakers. In conclusion, in our population (1) H-Q greater than or equal to 70 ms was an independent risk factor for progression to HDB, (2) H-Q greater than or equal to 100 ms identified a subgroup at particularly high risk, and (3) prophylactic pacemakers relieved neurologic symptoms but did not prolong life.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Childhood sexual identity, childhood religiosity, and "homophobia" as influences in the development of transsexualism, homosexuality, and heterosexuality.

We have studied the interaction between boyhood cross-gender behavior, "homophobia," and religiosity in men raised as Catholics who, during adulthood, considered themselves transsexual, homosexual, or heterosexual. The sample consisted of 43 transsexual, 78 homosexual, and 43 heterosexual subjects matched for age, race, educational level, and economic status. The transsexual men recalled the most "feminine" behavior during boyhood, followed by the homosexual men. The heterosexual group was most "homophobic," followed by the transsexuals. "Homophobia" positively correlated with religiosity among adult transsexuals and heterosexuals. Transsexuals, recalling childhood, perceived their parents as being more religious than did the homosexuals. At intermediate levels of "femininity," greater "homophobia" scores were associated with more transsexual characteristics. These data support the thesis that early developmental aspects of sexual identity, and later concerns over homosexuality that are partly of a religious derivative, may contribute to a transsexual outcome.

Attitude↗
PubMed1981

Modification, by tractive loading, of the energy cost of walking in sheep, cattle and man.

1. A study was made in sheep and cattle walking on a treadmill, of the alteration to the energy expenditure that was caused by voluntarily exerted tension in the tether between animal and treadmill. 2. An additional experiment was carried out to investigate in human subjects walking on a treadmill, the alteration to the energy expenditure as a result of positive and negative tractive loads applied at waist level through a rope parallel to the plane of the treadmill. 3. Alterations to the net energy expenditure when walking were generally similar in the three species and varied with speed and gradient up to a maximum value of approximately 0.04 J per metre walked per gram of tension or negative load.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The relationship between alcohol consumption, liver enzymes and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations are inversely related to risk of heart attack. Alcohol consumption is a primary factor related to increased HDL concentrations. We investigated HDL cholesterol before and after cessation of high alcohol consumption in alcoholics. Men admitted to an alcohol detoxification hospital had a mean HDL cholesterol level of 85 mg/dl, which is almost twice that found in the general population. After 4 days of treatment, HDL cholesterol levels decreased an average of 12.5 mg/dl. The decrease was directly correlated with the initial HDL cholesterol levels and inversely correlated with the change in triglyceride levels. Alcoholics who abstained for at least 1 month had HDL cholesterol concentrations similar to those of the general population. The increased HDL cholesterol levels in the alcoholics were highly correlated with liver enzyme concentrations, especially SGOT. The results suggest that alcohol increases HDL cholesterol concentrations through hepatic microsomal enzyme induction.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The influence of G-6-PD activity on the response of erythrocyte glutathione reductase to riboflavin deficiency.

Erythrocyte NAD(P)H2 glutathione oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.4.2.) activation coefficients (EGR AC) and D-glucose-6-phosphate: NADP 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49 (G-6-PD) activities were measured in 155 West African women to determine whether heterozygous G-6-PD deficiency produces false negative results in the EGR test for riboflavin deficiency. A positive correlation was found between EGR AC and G-6-PD activity demonstrating that heterozygous G-6-PD deficiency does result in abnormally depressed EGR AC values when G-6-PD activity is significantly reduced. However, heterozygous deficient genotypes with normal G-6-PD activity showed undepressed EGR AC values. These results indicate that, in its present form, the EGR test is not a suitable index of riboflavin status in subjects whose G-6-PD activity is less than 9 IU/g Hb when measured by the WHO-37 degrees assay.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Alpha 1-antitrypsin (pi) phenotypes in a village population from The Gambia, West Africa. Evidence of a new variant occurring at a polymorphic frequency.

A total of 701 individuals from a village in The Gambia, West Africa were tested for serum alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes by isoelectric focusing in thinlayer polyacrylamide gels (pH 4--5). A new variant allele, PiGAM, was discovered at a polymorphic frequency (0.0642), and the inheritance of the variant phenotype was confirmed by family studies. The variant was not found to be associated with any decrease in serum alpha 1-antitrypsin concentration. The only other allele found within this population was the common allele PiM (0.9358).

Alleles↗