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Biomedical subjects

K Werner

Publications and source records attributed to K Werner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Objective and subjective health status of selected population groups in the former district of Halle].

In recent years the scientific work of the Institute of Social Medicine of the University Martin Luther Halle-Wittenberg, concentrated on investigating the complete registration of the state of health of selected groups of the population in interaction with the corresponding living conditions. The main indicators consisted of the opinion of the physician (physician's appraisal of health) and of the people/patient (self-appraisal of health). These reflect two main aspects of the state of health. During the study period 1986-1989 a total of 3,794 probationers (working population of selected firms, apprentices, students) were examined. Additionally, in connection with other targets (study of hypertension, study of the family doctor, study of the pulmonary function), further groups of the population were consulted to evaluate its state of health confirming the trends of the main examination. The results show specific characteristics of groups and also regionally and possible environmentally influenced differences of the state of health. They supply starting points for improving medical care and for on-target improvement advancement of health.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Development of bed potential and occupancy in hospitals of East Germany].

In the former GDR, in-patient treatment had been performed mainly by governmental hospitals. Between 1950 and 1989 the number of hospitals was reduced from 1060 to 539 by closing uneconomic small hospitals or by combining them with bigger ones. During the same period the number of beds decreased from 197,219 to 163,305. Finally, 98.2 bed accommodations existed per 10,000 inhabitants. Information is given on personnel, financing and on the structural status of the hospitals. In-patients discharges of the hospitals were recorded by uniform documentation over about 20 years. It was therefore possible to evaluate in-patient morbidity.

Bed Occupancy↗
PubMed1991

[Medical expert evaluation in former East Germany].

Medical survey and expertise in the former GDR are described. Special features originating in the structure of the health system and the social insurance system, are underlined. Functioning is explained, as an example, based on the basis of the preparation and handling of medical reports.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed1991

[Structural change and extent of ambulatory medical care in the Saxony-Anhalt federal district].

We sum up below an assessment of data collected in respect of outpatient medical care in the new Federal Land of Saxony-Anhalt as well as of the expert discussions conducted with the medical officers, the responsible physicians of the Association of Doctors registered with the compulsory German sickness insurance body, and with many practising physicians: The process of enabling the doctors to register their practice on an independent basis, is nearing completion and will be finalized in 1992. The medical associations and especially the association of doctors registered with the compulsory German sickness insurance body have a large share in this development. As early as in August 1991, outpatient medical care by general practitioners was already safeguarded. This applies also to the disciplines of ophthalmology, skin diseases and paediatrics. It will be the task of the association of doctors of the compulsory sickness insurance system to close existing gaps in some disciplines and to balance out any regional differences. This process has materialized in a very short time only. The result has been far better than expected, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Hence, the association has been successful in safeguarding medical care in a satisfactory manner.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1991

[Problems in physician establishment in Saxony-Anhalt--initial results of a 1991 physician survey].

Prompted by the present structural changes in outpatient medical care in the former GDR, we conducted an inquiry among already established physicians in the federal land of Sachsen-Anhalt. Over 48% of the physicians replied to our letter i.e. we received back 413 questionnaires, which were then analysed. The physicians stated that their application for their own establishment was of vital importance, that means, it was the only way to enable them to work as physicians. They considered their own responsibility and their independence as the main advantages. The physicians feel the burden of the management of their medical practice and the new forms of billing. Initial analysis of activities of physicians in their own medical practice showed that they have become adapted to the structural changes in outpatient medical care, in a relatively short time.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

[Selected results of a study of family practice patient care].

The aim of the present study was to analyse the state of medical care by the family doctor in selected areas of the province Halle in the former GDR (land Sachsen-Anhalt). We questioned physicians on their activities, and patients on their expectations in medical care by the family doctor. Both groups considered the trusting physician-patient relation, long-time medical care by the same doctor, home visits and the attention given to the whole family, as the main characteristics of this medical care. The results show that permanent medical care by the same doctor increased with advanced age, and was at every age higher in women than in men. In about 60% of the patients medical care had been exercised by the same doctor for more than five years. Both physicians and patients valued the reciprocal trustful correlation as the most important feature of medical care by the family doctor. During the study period in 1988/89 about 77% of the 1,238 patients with continual care by the same doctor regarded themselves as well cared for about 67% had complete confidence in their doctor and 66% considered this physician as their family doctor.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Inhibition of noradrenaline release from the sympathetic nerves of the human saphenous vein via presynaptic 5-HT receptors similar to the 5-HT 1D subtype.

The human saphenous vein preincubated with [3H]noradrenaline was used to determine the pharmacological properties of the release-inhibiting presynaptic serotonin (5-HT) receptor on the sympathetic nerves. The overflow of tritium evoked by transmural electrical stimulation (2 Hz) was concentration-dependently inhibited by drugs known to stimulate 5-HT receptors in the following rank order: oxymetazoline greater than or equal to 5-HT greater than 5-carboxamidotryptamine = 5-methoxytryptamine = sumatriptan greater than tryptamine greater than N,N(CH3)2-5-HT = yohimbine = 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetraline. The potencies of these agonists in inhibiting overflow were significantly correlated with their affinities for 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D binding sites, but not with those for 5-HT1A or 5-HT1C binding sites. 5-Aminotryptamine, methysergide, ipsapirone, cyanopindolol, SDZ 21009 and metergoline dit not produce a significant inhibition. Metitepine and methysergide antagonized the inhibitory effect of 5-HT, whereas spiroxatrine, propranolol, ketanserin and ICS 205-930 did not. These data exclude the idea that the inhibitory presynaptic 5-HT receptor on the sympathetic nerves belongs to the 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor class; the pattern of agonist potencies suggests that the receptor is very similar to the 5-HT1D receptor subtype.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Ondansetron: a new antiemetic for patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy.

GR 38032F (ondansetron) is a selective serotonin subtype-3 receptor antagonist with reported antiemetic efficacy in patients receiving cisplatin. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of ondansetron in three consecutive nonrandomized groups of patients who were receiving a 4- or 5-day regimen of cisplatin (20 to 40 mg/m2/d) combination chemotherapy. Thirty-six patients were enrolled. Thirty-five patients were assessable for efficacy. All patients received three daily intravenous doses of 0.15 mg/kg of ondansetron. Twenty-four patients had received no prior chemotherapy. Twelve of these received ondansetron every 2 hours and 12 received ondansetron every 6 hours. Twelve additional patients who had received at least one prior course of chemotherapy were administered ondansetron every 6 hours. All patients were monitored for emetic episodes (vomiting or retching), adverse events, and laboratory safety parameters. Ten patients (29%) had no vomiting or retching throughout the entire study period and 18 patients (51%) experienced two or fewer emetic episodes during the entire study period. The greatest antiemetic efficacy was on day 1 when 27 patients (77%) had no emesis. The chemotherapy-naive patients responded better than the nonnaive patients on all study days. Reported adverse events were minor, with the most common possibly drug-related event being headache (14% of patients). No extrapyramidal symptoms were observed. Transient increases in total SGOT, and SGPT were observed in some patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

GR 38032F (GR-C507/75): a novel compound effective in the prevention of acute cisplatin-induced emesis.

We evaluated, in a multi-center trial, the safety and efficacy of GR 38032F (GR-C507/75), a novel and selective serotonin antagonist, in preventing acute emesis in chemotherapy-naive patients receiving treatment with regimens containing high-dose cisplatin (greater than or equal to 100 mg/m2). Eighty-five patients were randomized to receive GR 38032F, 0.18 mg/kg, either every six or every eight hours for three doses, beginning 30 minutes before cisplatin. Patients were evaluated for emetic episodes (vomiting or retching) over a 24-hour period following cisplatin. All patients were evaluable for toxicity and 83 were evaluable for efficacy. The overall antiemetic response rate was 75% (55% complete response [CR], 20% major response). No difference in antiemetic control between the two administration schedules was noted. Patients with histories of heavy ethanol use had significantly better antiemetic control (74% CR) than modest or non-drinkers (33% CR). Toxicity of GR 38032F was modest and independent of administration schedule. The most common adverse events included mild hepatic transaminase elevations, self-limited diarrhea, dry mouth, headache, and mild sedation. Our data indicate that GR 38032F is a safe and effective agent in the control of acute cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting. Additional trials exploring dosing, schedule, and comparison to standard antiemetic agents are indicated.

Acute Disease↗