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Biomedical subjects

K Washiyama

Publications and source records attributed to K Washiyama.

43 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

An immunohistochemical study of aldolase C in normal and neoplastic nervous tissues.

Cellular localization of aldolase C isozyme was examined in the normal human brain and in nervous tissue tumors by the indirect immunoperoxidase method using an antibody to aldolase C. In normal brain tissues, staining was most prominent in astrocytes and Purkinje cells, although faint staining was also occasionally observed in some other neurons. Oligodendroglia and ependymal cells showed no distinct staining. The nervous tissue tumors we examined included 34 gliomas (ten astrocytomas and 24 anaplastic gliomas), 30 medulloblastomas, and seven neuronal tumors. Positive staining was observed in some gliomas, but not in the medulloblastomas and neuronal tumors examined. In gliomas, nine of ten astrocytomas and six of 24 anaplastic gliomas showed positive staining in their main constituent cells. In the remaining gliomas, most constituent cells were unstained or positive cells were only sporadically present. These findings indicated that aldolase C was expressed in some of astrocytic glioma cells as in the normal counterpart, more frequently in more differentiated form.

Brain↗
PubMed1985

Glial fibrillary acidic protein in medulloblastomas.

Two cases of medulloblastoma are described which show positive immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in many cells. The surgical and autopsy specimens were examined by the indirect immunoperoxidase method. Positive staining for GFAP was demonstrated in the small, round to polygonal cells in both surgical specimens and in the small spindle cells in the autopsy specimen of one case. In the small, round to polygonal cells positive GFAP was shown as a perinuclear brown rim or intracytoplasmic brown droplet. In the small spindle cells, the cytoplasm and the polar processes were stained. Except for GFAP staining, these positive cells were morphologically indistinguishable from the accompanying unstained cells, indicating that GFAP was expressed in the medulloblastoma cells. Considering that GFAP is specific for astrocytes, these findings suggest the potential of astrocytic differentiation in the neoplastic cells of these medulloblastomas. The findings obtained in other 28 medulloblastomas examined in parallel are also discussed briefly.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1985

Hyperthyroidism caused by a pituitary thyrotrophin-secreting tumour with excessive secretion of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and subsequently followed by Graves' disease in a middle-aged woman.

A 46-year-old woman had signs of thyrotoxicosis and galactorrhoea. Serum immunoreactive TSH and its alpha-subunit increased in the presence of high serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and free T4 concentrations, whereas beta-subunit TSH was undetectable. Exogenous TRH failed to increase serum TSH. Serum TSH was markedly suppressed by glucocorticoid, but was increased by antithyroid drug. L-Dopa or bromocriptine partially suppressed, but nomifensine had no influence on serum TSH. Serum prolactin (Prl) was above normal and markedly increased by TRH, but depressed by bromocriptine and not suppressed by nomifensine. Plasma TRH was normal in the hyperthyroid state, but was increased by glucocorticoid and antithyroid drug. Excess thyroid hormone depressed plasma TRH concentrations. Basal serum GH levels were constantly low. Transsphenoidal removal of the tumour normalized serum hormones (T3, T4 free T4, TSH, alpha-subunit and Prl), and eradicated the clinical signs of hyperthyroidism and galactorrhoea. Histological study of the tumour tissue demonstrated both thyrotrophes and somatotrophes. A reciprocal relationship between serum TSH and T4 concentrations shifted to a higher level before but was normalized after removal of the tumour. Ten months later, the clinical signs of thyrotoxicosis and the increase in serum thyroid hormone recurred without a concomitant increase in serum TSH and its alpha-subunit. Thyroidal auto-antibodies were slightly positive, but thyrotrophin-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) was negative. Administration of antithyroid drug produced a euthyroid state, but 3 years later, discontinuation of the treatment resulted in recurrent hyperthyroidism without suppressed plasma TRH and with no evidence of regrowth of the pituitary tumour. It is suggested that the patient initially had hyperthyroidism owing to excessive TSH secretion from the tumour caused by abnormal TRH secretion, and subsequently had hyperthyroidism owing to Graves' disease.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1982

[An autopsy case of primary intracranial melanoma associated with dermoid cyst (author's transl)].

Primary malignant melanoma of the cerebral nervous system is an uncommon entity. A case of primary intracranial melanoma associated with dermoid cyst is reported. The patient was a 40-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital on May 2, 1979 complaining of headache, double vision, left hemiparesis and Jacksonian seizure. On admission he had a slight degree of papilledema. Left abdominal reflex was absent. Lumbar puncture showed high pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid which was otherwise normal. Plain skull films showed a calcification in the pineal region. CT scan demonstrated multiple high density areas with slight enhancement after contrast medium infusion in the right fronto-parietal region and a well defined high density area associated with an irregular low density area without contrast enhancement in the right pulvinar and the atrium and temporal horn of the right lateral ventricle. However, no tumor stain was seen on angiograms. On May 8, 1979 partial removal of the tumor was performed. Areas of black discoloration were seen in the leptomeninges of the right fronto-parietal lobes. Histopathological examination of this tumor revealed primary intracranial melanoma. Postoperatively DTIC, ACNU and Vincristine were administered intravenously but the tumor showed only little sensitivity. He died 5 months after operation. Autopsy was performed on October 8, 1979. Malignant melanoma in the right fronto-parietal lobes was invading the cerebellar hemisphere and spinal cord, but any tumor was not found in any other parts of the body except for this central nervous system. The tumor in the right pulvinar extending to the atrium and temporal horn of the right lateral ventricle was a dermoid cyst with calcification histopathologically. A case of primary intracranial melanoma associated with dermoid cyst has not been reported in any other associated with dermoid cyst has not been reported in any other literature yet.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Fenestration of the anterior cerebral artery.

Three cases of angiographically demonstrated fenestration of the anterior cerebral artery are reported. Fenestration occurred at the medial half of the horizontal segment of the anterior cerebral artery in all cases. Its embryology and clinical significance are briefly discussed, and the anatomical and radiological literature on fenestration of the anterior cerebral artery is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Therapeutic embolization in the external carotid artery region (author's transl)].

UNLABELLED: This paper reports our experience of therapeutic embolization in the external carotid artery region. Therapeutic embolization was done for the purpose of decreasing hemorrhage during operation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Therapeutic embolization was done in 6 cases of meningioma, 1 case of capillary hemangioma of the cheek and one case of olfactory neuroblastoma. Catheterization was done through the common carotid artery in adults and done through the femoral artery in an infant. Small pieces of Gelfoam were used as emboli. Emboli, 1 X 1 X 0.5 mm in size, were instilled with normal saline. One embolus was used in one instillation as a rule. A larger embolus was used for occlusion of a larger artery. Heparin was not used through entire procedure. Four illustrative cases are presented. when a feeder of a tumor is occluded by artificial emboli, two kinds of effect can be resulted. when emboli lodge within the tumor or in a feeding artery distal to arterial anastomoses, blood is no longer supplied to the tumor (embolization effect). On the other hand, when a feeding artery is occluded by emboli at the point proximal to arterial anastomoses, blood supply to the tumor is transiently reduced but it is soon restored through arterial anastomoses (ligation effect). To minimize bleeding during surgery it is very important to gain embolization effect. For this purpose small emboli should be instilled repeatedly until embolization effect is established. Then ligation effect should be obtained, if necessary, by injection lower emboli. Operation was performed on the day following embolization in cases of meningioma. In a case of capillary hemangioma of the cheek operation was performed three days after embolization and in a case of olfactory neuroblastoma surgery was performed two days after embolization. In all cases the primary purpose to minimize bleeding during operation was achieved. No untoward side effects were encountered in this series. The ophthalmic artery may arise from the middle meningeal artery. The vertebral artery might be visualized through the collateral from the occipital artery. We should pay attention to these vascular anomalies before embolization to prevent possible catastrophe.

Aged↗