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Biomedical subjects

K Ward

Publications and source records attributed to K Ward.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Polypeptide synthesis in columnar and squamous explants of human uterine cervix.

There were quantitative and qualitative differences in the in-vitro synthesis of 3 polypeptides between squamous and columnar epithelial explants of human cervix. One cross-linked keratin-like polypeptide of mol. wt 50,000 was synthesized and phosphorylated by squamous but not by columnar explants; a second cross-linked keratin-like polypeptide of mol. wt 52,000, which was present in larger amounts in squamous than columnar explants, was both glycosylated and phosphorylated during in-vitro explantation of squamous tissue; a third polypeptide of mol. wt 25,200 which was keratin-like but not cross-linked, was synthesized in squamous-tissue explants but in only 4% of columnar-tissue explants.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1981

Human bone marrow biochemical function and megaloblastic hematopoiesis after nitrous oxide anesthesia.

Prolonged exposure to nitrous oxide (N2O) inhibits bone marrow function. The duration of exposure to nitrous oxide necessary to induce these changes and their permanence is unknown. The possible prophylactic effect of prior treatment with folinic acid has not been examined previously. Bone marrow function in patients receiving nitrous oxide was assessed by the deoxyuridine (dU) suppression test. Morphologic changes in the bone marrow were also studied. One group was exposed for under 6 h, the next for between 12 and 24 h and a control group who received nonitrous oxide. The control group and the short exposure group showed no abnormality of bone marrow function. The long exposure group had abnormal dU supression tests and a megaloblastic hematopoiesis. The changes observed in this group resolved 12 h after discontinuance of the anesthetic. The changes observed could be prevented by the preoperative administration of folinic acid. The absence of either morphologic or dU suppression test abnormalities following N2O anesthesia for periods of less than 6 h confirms the safety of this anesthetic for the majority of operations for which it is used. It has been confirmed that prolonged exposure to the gas causes impaired marrow function which is of a temporary nature and may be prevented by the prior administration of folinic acid.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1981

Observations on the effects of low frequency electrical stimulation on fast muscles of dystrophic mice.

The deterioration of tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in dystrophic mice (C 57 BL dy/dy) was compared. The effects of chronic electrical stimulation on various characteristic properties of these muscles were also studied. The results indicate that EDL muscles are less affected by the disease than TA. This "selectivity" is difficult to explain since both muscles have similar fibre type composition. TA and EDL muscles that were stimulated for 10-28 days developed greater tetanic tensions than the contralateral muscles, but this effect was apparent only when the muscles were severely affected by the disease, that is the contralateral TA or EDL muscles developed less than 50% of the tension produced by muscles from normal animals. In all EDL muscles, stimulation increased the fatigue resistance. The time course of contraction and relaxation of dystrophic muscles is usually slower than that of normal muscles. The stimulation reduced this slowing effect, so that the stimulated muscles became similar to homologous muscles from normal littermates.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

High-carbohydrate, high-fiber diets for insulin-treated men with diabetes mellitus.

The effects of high-carbohydrate, high plant fiber (HCF) diets on glucose and lipid metabolism of 20 lean men receiving insulin therapy for diabetes mellitus were evaluated on a metabolic ward. All men received control diets for an average of 7 days followed by HCF diets for an average of 16 days. Diets were designed to be weight-maintaining and there were no significant alterations in body weight. The daily dose of insulin was lower for each patient on the HCF diet than on the control diet. The average insulin dose was reduced from 26 +/- 3 units/day (mean +/- SEM) on the control diets to 11 +/- 3 (P less than 0.001) on the HCF diets. On the HCF diets, insulin therapy could be discontinued in nine patients receiving 15 to 20 units/day and in two patients receiving 32 units/day. Fasting and 3-hr postprandial plasma glucose values were lower in most patients on the HCF diets than on the control diets despite lower insulin doses. Serum cholesterol values dropped from 206 +/- 10 mg/dl on the control diets to 147 +/- 5 (P less than 0.001) on the HCF diet; average fasting serum triglyceride values were not significantly altered on the HCF diets. These studies suggest that HCF diets may be the dietary therapy of choice for certain patients with the maturity-onset type of diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The effect of tocopherol on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. A clinical observation.

A significant redistribution of cholesterol in lipoproteins following ingestion of large doses of D,L-alpha tocopherol (vitamin E) is documented. In persons with decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol a complex response occurs, which includes cholesterol redistribution in favor of the HDL fraction, with decreases in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels and total triglycerides. The response was studied in five persons with average cholestrol distributions and five persons with cholesterol distributions associated with high risk of coronary heart disease. The mean elevation of the HDL cholesterol concentration in the former group was 168% of the initial value, while the latter group experienced post-therapy levels 375% of initial levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The relationship of changes in mammary blood flow and plasma progesterone at the time of parturition in the ewe.

Previous studies indicate that there is a fall in maternal plasma progesterone and a marked increase in mammary blood flow (MBF) at the time of parturition in ewes. In this experiment the role of progesterone as a cause of this increase in MBF was investigated. Progesterone was infused (9.9 mcg. per minute) into a branch of the mammary artery in five sheep during the induction of premature labor by fetal dexamethasone infusion (1 mg. per 24 hours) to prevent the normal fall in concentration of local mammary artery progesterone. Five ewes used as controls received a mammary artery infusion of cholesterol (9.9 mcg. per minute). In the cholesterol-infused group MBF increased significantly from baseline after 13 +/- 4 hours (mean +/- standard error) to a peak flow of 235 +/- 9 ml. per minute. In the group receiving the progesterone the increase in MBF was delayed to 35 +/- 7 hours, reaching only 161 +/- 22 ml. per minute. These results were significantly different from control group results (p less than 0.01). This study suggests that the fall in maternal plasma progesterone which occurs at the time of parturition may play a role in the increase in MBF that occurs prior to the onset of labor, delivery, and lactogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Analysis of the cellular basis of idiotype-specific suppression.

We have investigated the ability of B and T lymphocyte subclasses from donor mice that produce high levels of anti-Ar antibody but have been suppressed for one idiotypic component (CRI) to induce and maintain idiotypespecific suppression. Our studies indicate: 1) Memory B cells from such mice can preempt virgin CRI+ B cells present in the host from contributing to the anti-Ar response. 2) T cells can also adoptively transfer idiotypespecific suppression. 3) B and T cells do not act synergistically in this transfer of idiotype-specific suppression. 4) Extremely small numbers of Ly23 cells transfer suppression of idiotype and most probably represent true Ts cells. 5) Ly1 cells from hyperimmune idiotypically suppressed donors can induce idiotype-specific suppression. This latter result most likely reflects the induction of idiotype-specific suppressor cells in the host.

Animals↗